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APES Population Flashcards

8564488275	population size	the number of individual organisms present at a given time.	0
8564488276	population density	the number of individuals within a population per unit area.	1
8564488277	population distribution	the spatial arrangement of organisms within a particular area.	2
8564488278	sex ratio	the proportion of males to females in a population.	3
8564488279	age distribution	the relative numbers of organisms of each age within a population. Can have strong effect on rates of population growth or decline.	4
8564488280	survivorship curve	a graph that shows how the likelihood of death for members of a population varies with age.	5
8564488281	type I survivorship	curve that shows higher death rates at older ages.	6
8564488282	type II survivorship	curve that shows equal rates of death at all ages.	7
8564488283	type III survivorship	curve that shows highest death rates at young ages.	8
8564488284	immigration	the arrival of individuals from outside a population.	9
8564488285	emigration	the departure of individuals from a population.	10
8564488286	natural rate of population change	the rate of change in a population's size resulting from birth and death rates alone, excluding migration.	11
8564488287	exponential growth	the increase of a population (or of anything) by a fixed percentage each year.	12
8564488288	limiting factors	a physical, chemical, or biological characteristic of the environment that restrains population growth.	13
8564488289	carrying capacity	the maximum population size that a given environment can sustain.	14
8564488290	growth rate	the net change in a population's size, per 1,000 individuals. = (crude birth rate + immigration rate) - (crude death rate + emigration rate)	15
8564488291	density-dependent factor	a limiting factor whose effects on a population increase or decrease depending on the population density.	16
8564488292	density-independent factor	a limiting factor whose effects on a population are constant regardless of population density.	17
8564488293	K-selected species	term denoting a species with low biotic potential whose members produce a small number of offspring and take a long time to gestate and raise each of their young. (regulated by density-dependent factors)	18
8564488294	r-selected species	term denoting a species with high biotic potential whose members produce a large number of offspring in a relatively short time but do not care for their young after birth. (regulated by density-independent factors)	19
8564488295	IPAT model	a formula that represents how humans' total impact on the environment results from the interaction among three factors: population, affluence, and technology.	20
8564488296	demography	a social science that applies the principles of population ecology to the study of statistical change in human populations.	21
8564488297	demographic fatigue	an inability on the part of governments to address overwhelming challenges related to population growth.	22
8564488298	demographer	a scientist who studies human populations.	23
8564488299	replacement fertility	the total fertility rate that maintains a stable population size.	24
8564488300	total fertility rate	the average number of children born per female member of a population during her lifetime.	25
8564488301	life expectancy	the average number of years that individuals in particular age groups are likely to continue to live.	26
8564488302	demographic transition	a theoretical model of economic and cultural change that explains the declining death rates and birth rates that occurred in western nations as they became industrialized.	27
8564488303	pre-industrial stage	the first stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by conditions that defined most of human history. Death rates & birth rates are both high.	28
8564488304	transitional stage	the second stage of the demographic transition model, which occurs during the transition from the 1st and 3rd stage. Characterized by declining death rates but continued high birth rates.	29
8564488305	industrial stage	the third stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by falling birth rates that close the gap with falling death rates and reduce the rate of population growth.	30
8564488306	post-industrial stage	the fourth and final stage of the demographic transition model, in which both birth and death rates have fallen to a low level and remain stable there, and populations may even decline slightly.	31
8564488307	birth control	the effort to control the number of children one bears, particularly by reducing the frequency of pregnancy.	32
8564488308	contraception	the deliberate attempt to prevent pregnancy despite sexual intercourse	33
8564488309	family planning	the effort to plan the number and spacing of one's children, so as to offer children and parents the best quality of life possible.	34
8564488310	Millennium Development Goals	a program of targets for sustainable development set by the international community through the United Nations at the turn of this century.	35
8564488311	undernutrition	a condition of insufficient nutrition in which people receive less than 90% of their daily caloric needs.	36
8564488312	overnutrition	a condition of excessive food intake in which people receive more than their daily caloric needs.	37
8564488313	malnutrition	the condition of lacking nutrients the body needs, including a complete complement of vitamins and minerals.	38
8564488314	kwashiorkor	a form of malnutrition that results from a high-starch diet with inadequate protein or amino acids. In children, causes bloating of the abdomen, deterioration and discoloration of hair, mental disability, and many other negative effects.	39
8564488315	marasmus	a form of malnutrition that results from protein deficiency together with a lack of calories, causing wasting or shriveling among millions of children in the developing world.	40
8564488316	Green Revolution	an intensification of the industrialization of agriculture in the developing world in the latter half of the 20th century that has dramatically increased crop yields produced per unit area of farmland.	41
8564488317	uniform distribution	distribution pattern in which individuals are evenly spaced (as when individuals hold territories or otherwise compete for space)	42
8564488318	random distribution	distribution pattern in which individuals are located haphazardly in space in no particular pattern (often when needed resources are spread throughout an area and other organisms do not strongly influence where individuals settle)	43
8564488319	clumped distribution	distribution pattern in which organisms arrange themselves in patches, generally according to the availability of the resources they need.	44
8564488320	crude birth rate	the number of births per 1,000 individuals for a given time period.	45
8564488321	crude death rate	the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals for a given time period.	46
8564488322	environmental resistance	the collective force of limiting factors, which together stabilize a population size at its carrying capacity.	47
8564488323	biotic potential	an organisms capacity to produce offspring.	48
8564488324	age structure diagram	a diagram demographers use to show the age structure of a population. The width of each horizontal bar represents the relative number of individuals in each age class.	49
8564488325	overshoot	the amount by which humanity has surpassed Earth's long-term carrying capacity for our species.	50
8564488326	ecological footprint	the cumulative amount of land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of or recycle the waste that is produced.	51
8564488327	biocapacity	a term in ecological footprint accounting meaning the amount of biologically productive land and sea available to us.	52
8564488328	food security	an adequate, reliable, and available food supply to all people at all times.	53

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8921025009	kahariang gojoseon	itinatag ni dangun	0
8921025010	kahariang gojoseon	sinsabing anak ng langit	1
8921025011	panahon ng bronze	nang magtatag ang mga unang mamayan sa korea ng magkakahiwalay na mga estadong lungsod	2
8921025012	kaharian ng gojoseon	pinaka malakas na estado at dahil sa taglay nitong lakas, nagawa nitong sakupin ang mga karatig estado nito at nabuo ang isang kaharian	3
8921025013	panahon ng dinastiyang han	tinangkang sakupin ng kahariang gojoseon ang ilang teritoryo ng china	4
8921025014	resulta	pagbagsak ng dinastiyang han	5
8921025015	pakikidigma	nawala sa gojoseon ang pangunahing teritoryo nito sa kanluran dahil sa _________ sa han	6
8921025016	pyongyang hilagang korea	dahil sa pagkatalong ito inilipat ang kabisera ng gojoseon sa ________________________	7
8921025017	kaharian ng koguro kaharian ng paekche kaharian ng silla	niyakap nila ang budismo, mga turo at aral nito na nakasulat sa wikang tsino. hiniram nila ang pilosopiyang confucianismo sa kanilang pamumuno . nagpatupad sila ng mga batas upang mapamunuan nang legal ang kanilang mga nasasakupan	8
8921025018	hwarang	binuo ng sila na mas kilala sa katawagang flowers of youth corps	9
8921025019	sining ng pakikidigma panitikan paglilingkod sa estado mataas na antas ng moralidad ispiritwalidad	mga katangian at kakayahan	10
8921025020	hwangnyongsa	temple of the illustrious dragon	11
8921025021	hwangnyongsa	itinayo ang malaking templong buddhist	12
8921025022	dinastiyang tang at silla	bumuo ng magandang ugnayan sa isa't isa	13
8921025023	koguryo	nagawang talunin ang dinastiyang sui at nanatili pa ring matatag sa pakikidigma sa dinastiyang tang	14
8921025024	pader sa ilog liao	ipinatayo ng dinastiyang tang upang maging depensa nila sa paglaban sa kaharian ng koguryo	15
8921025025	dinastiyang tang at kaharian ng koguryo	naghari ang digmaan sa pagitan nila	16
8921025026	emperador tai cong ng tang	humingi ng tulong sa silla sa pakikipaglaban nito sa kaharian ng koguryo noong 655	17
8921025027	pinag-isang silla	tawag sa panahon ng korea dahil nagawa ng silla na pagisahin ang halos lahat ng kabuuang lupain ng korea	18
8921025028	pinag-isang silla	sa panahong ito naging malinaw ang layunin ng dinastiyang tang sa silla	19
8921025029	kaharian ng balhae	itinatag ito matapos ang pagbagsak ng kaharian ng koguryo sa pamumuno ng silla	20
8921025030	dae jo young	heneral ng koguryo na nagtatag ng jinn a di kalaunan ay tinawag na kaharian ng balhae	21
8921025031	dae jo young	binubuo ang kahariang ito ng iba't ibang tribong korean at malgal	22
8921025032	pangalang korea	nabuo sa panahon ng pamumuno ng kaharian ng koryo/goryeo na itinatag ni emperador taejo noong 918	23
8921025033	sistemang civil service	tinipon ng pamahalaan ang lahat ng mga batas at ipinakilala ang __________	24
8921025034	kanghwa	sinalakay ng mga mongol ang korea at pinilit ang maharlikang pamilya na lumipat sa isla ng _____________ malapit sa seoul	25
8921025035	25 taon	tagal ng pakikibaka ng mga mongol sa korea bago sila mapapayag sa gagawing paglipat sa isala ng kanghwa malapit sa seoul	26
8921025036	yi seong gye	isang heneral ng korea na nangangalang _______________________ ang ipinadala sa china upang makipaglaban sa mga pinuno ng Ming	27
8921025037	pagkakaperpekto sa sining ng pag gawa ng porselanang celadon. higit napag-unlad ng woodblock printing. tripitaka koreana movable type ng paglilimbag na yari sa metal. jikhi noong 1377	mga ambag ng kahariang koryo/goryeo	28
8921025038	tripitaka koreana	banal na aklat ng budismo	29
8921025039	jikhi	pinaka matandang likha mula sa movable metal type.	30
8921025040	dinastiyang Yi	itinatag ni yi song gye, ang pinaka mahaba at pinaka huling dinastiyang namuno sa korea	31
8921025041	haring sejong	naimbento niya ang alpabetong korean na tinatawag na hangeul	32
8921025042	hangeul	tawag sa alpabeto ng korean	33
8921025043	ika 19 na siglo	pagdating ng mga hapones at europeo sa korea	34
8921025044	ermitanyong kaharian	taguri o bansag sa korea dahil nagawa pa rin nilang malaya sa kabila ng pananakop ng mga kanluranin sa mga karatig bansa nito	35
8921025045	yangban	pinakamataas na uri ng mga mamamayan	36
8921025046	haring kojong	nagdeklara sa kanyang sarili bilang emperador ng imperyong taehan o isang nagsasariling korea noong 1897	37
8921025047	neutrality	hindi pagkampi sa alinmang panig	38
9020397262	japan	kilala bilang nipon o lupaing sinisikatan ng araw	39
9020397263	angkan ng yamato	kilala sila sa kanilang tapang at mahusay na pakikidigma	40
9020397264	budismo	lumaganap sa japan dahil sa kanilang pakikipag ugnayan sa mga taga korea	41
9020397265	china	naging malawak ang impluwensya sa japan sa huling bahagi ng pamumuno ng mga yamato kagaya ng pagpapatayo ng palasyong katulad ng sa mga tsino	42
9020397266	panahong nara	umusbong ang japan bilang isang malakas na estado	43
9020397267	heijo kyo	dating katawagan sa lungsod ng nara na itinayo noong 710	44
9020397268	panahong nara	hindi gaanong umunlad ang pulitika ng japan dahil sa tunggalian sa kapangyarihan ng pamilyang imperial, pinuno ng budiamo at ng mga regent- ang fujiwara	45
9020397269	regent	itinalaga upang mamuno dahil ang emperador ay bata pa o wala pang kakayahang mamuno	46
9020397270	kojiki at nihon shoki	dalawang aklat	47
9020397271	jimmu tenno	unang emperador ng japan na pinaniniwalaang sa lahi ng dyosang shinto na si amaterasu	48
9020397272	emperador ojin	pinaniniwalaan ng mga historyador na unang emperador ng japan ngunit hindi rin matiyak ang panahon kung kailan sya namuno	49
9020397273	kimigayo	modernong liriko ng pambansang awit ng japan	50
9020397274	heian	huling bahagi ng klasikong kasaysayan ng japan. ito ang panahon kung kailan nakamit ng japan ang kadakilaan sa sinaunang panahon.	51
9020397275	murasaki shikibu	sumulat ng pinaka matandang nobela ng japan	52
9020397276	the tale of genji	ano ang sinulat ni murasaki shikibu	53
9020397277	minamoto taira fujiwara tachibana	apat na makapangyarihang angkan	54
9020397278	samurai	mandirigma o tagapagtanggol ng mga daimyo	55
9020397279	bushido	dito nakapaloob ang mga alintuntunin ng pagiging mandirigma, tamang asal at gawi ng mga samurai	56
9020397280	kamakura	panahon ng pamumuno ng mga shogunato ng kamakura, ang panahon ng medyibal sa japan kung saan ang emperador, korte at tradisyunal na pamahalaang sentral ay naging panseremonya na lamang	57
9020397281	bushi	mandirigma o samurai na kumontol sa mga mamamayan, militar at korte na pinamumunuan ng pambansang pinuno na tinatawag na shogun	58
9020397282	taira	sino ang tinalo ni minamoto no yoritomo?	59
9020397283	mandirigmang angkan ng kojo	naging regent ng shogun pagkamatay ni yoritomo	60
9020397284	kamikaze	tanyag na bagyo na nangangahulugang banal na hangin sa hapon na pumigil sa paglusob ng mga mongol sa dahil sa pagkasira ng kanilang mga barko	61
9020397285	emperador go daigo	namuno sa kudetang tinawag na kemmu restoration na nagpabagsak sa shogunato ng kamakura	62
9020397286	panahong muromachi	pamumuno ng shogunato ng ashikaga na namuno sa loob ng 237 taon	63
9020397287	ashikaga takauji	itinatag ang shogunato na umagaw sa pamumuno ni emperador go daigo	64
9020397288	toyotomi hideyoshi	heneral ni oda nobunaga na tuluyang nagawang pagisahin ang japan bilang isang bansa	65
9020397289	azuchi momoyama	hango sa pangalan ng pinagmulan nilang kastilyo ang azuchi at momoyama na makikita ngayon sa kyoto japan	66
9020397290	korean collabolators	itinuring na tagapagligtas sa tiwaling aristokrasya ng mga hapones	67
9020397291	admiral chen lin at komader li rusong	sila ang pumigil at tumulong sa korea sa pananakop ng mga hapones	68
9020397292	edo	tinawag ding panahong tokugawa	69
9020397293	digmaang sekigahara	ang nanalong angkan ng tokugawa sa digmaang ito ang pinakamakangyarihan sa lahat na namuno hanggang ika 15 henerasyon bilang shogun ng japan	70
9020397294	samurai	itinuring na uri sa lipunang hapon na nakatataas sa mga karaniwang mamamayan ang mga magsasaka, artisan at mangangalakal	71
9020397295	unang bahagi ng ika 17 na siglo	naging malakas na suspetsa ng shogunato na kasabwat ang mga dayuhang mga mangangalakal at misyonero sa pananakop ng mga europeo	72
9020397296	rebelyong shimabara	tawag sa pagaaklas ng mga magsasaka at kristiyano noong 1637	73
9020397297	30 000 at 100 000	humarap ang ____________ kristiyano, samurai at magsasaka sa mahigit na ____________ militar sa edo	74
9020397298	shogunato	nagwakas ang rebelyong ito na nagiwan ng malaking pinsala sa military na ____________________.	75
9020397299	pakikipagugnayan	matapos mawakasan ang rwbelyong shimabara, nagtakda ang shogunato ng paglilimita sa _______________ sa mga dayuhan	76

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9540025857	Classical conditioning	a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.	0
9540032427	Social faciliation	tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone.	1
9540035639	dependent variable	the variable y	2
9540044604	Experiment	a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.	3
9540048304	Schizophrenia	a long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception	4
9540066869	psychoanlytic	Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences	5
9540073047	Behavorism	human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings	6
9540076941	cognitive dissonance	The state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.	7
9540093462	psychanltic	The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences	8
9540093463	operation	surgery performed on a patient.	9
9540104449	Cognitive therapy	a type of psychotherapy in which negative patterns of thought about the self and the world are challenged in order to alter unwanted behavior patterns or treat mood disorders such as depression.	10
9540129202	humanistic psychology	erspective that emphasizes thestudy of the whole person.	11
9540138253	statistical significance	he quality of being worthy of attention; importance.	12
9540144514	operant conditioning	a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.	13
9540153934	avaliblity heuristic	mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision.	14
9540160550	self-actualiztion	the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone.	15
9540170545	Independent variable	a variable (often denoted by x )	16
9540178871	correlation research	. A correlation is simply defined as a relationship between two variables.	17
9540183485	correction coefficient	statistical measure of the degree to which changes to the value of one variable predict change to the value of another.	18
9540202796	ramdom assistent neuron	failing to understand the underlying functionality of particular processes.	19
9540211397	observation learning arousal theory	Observational learning is classified as a form of social learning. Instead of other forms of learning like Classical	20
9540217295	group poloration	roup polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members.	21
9540217296	dopamine	a compound present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including epinephrine.	22
9540227388	stimulus discrimition	discrimination is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.	23
9540231711	Spontaneous recovery	phenomenon of learning and memory that was first named and described by Ivan Pavlov in his studies of classical	24
9540236063	stimulus generation	he tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned.	25
9540246113	cognitive psychologist	study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking".	26
9540250365	standerd deviation	a quantity calculated to indicate the extent of deviation for a group as a whole.	27
9540269973	neurotransmitters	a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.	28
9540288655	conditioning stimulus	conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus	29
9540288656	negativere reinforcement	Negative reinforcement is a term described by B. F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning	30
9540301847	positive reinforcement	stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. When a favorable outcome, event, or reward occurs after an action, that particular response or behavior will be strengthened.	31
9540306543	procedural memory	Procedural memory is a part of the long-term memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills.	32
9540310070	intrinsic motivation	refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards	33
9540318611	self-efficacy	Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as one's belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.	34
9540328721	dissociative identity disorder	issociative identity disorder, formerly referred to as multiple personality disorder, is a condition wherein a person's identity is fragmented into two or more distinct personality states.	35
9540333195	groupthink	the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility.	36
9540333196	case study	a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.	37
9540337773	hippocampus	the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.	38
9540337774	cerebellum	the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.	39
9540343279	occipital lobe	the rearmost lobe in each cerebral hemisphere of the brain.	40
9540347040	proactive inference	the tendency of previously learned material to hinder subsequent learning.	41
9540350178	jean Piaget	Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist and epistemologist known for his pioneering work in child development. Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology".	42
9540396221	unconscious	the part of the mind that is inaccessible to the conscious mind but that affects behavior and emotions.	43
9540407499	locus of control	internal locus of control believes that he or she can influence events and their outcomes	44
9540411566	antisocial personality disorder	A mental health disorder characterized by disregard for other people.	45
9542435946	anxiety disorder	Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.	46
9543369485	Bipolar disorder	a mental disorder marked by alternating periods of elation and depression.	47
9543374160	obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)	is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, images, and sensations	48
9543380146	systematic -complusive disorder	To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript.	49
9543380147	control group	The control group is defined as the group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.	50
9543384406	survey	examine and record the area and features of (an area of land) so as to construct a map, plan, or description.	51
9543384407	mean	intend to convey, indicate,	52
9543388107	acetylchline	a compound that occurs throughout the nervous system, in which it functions as a neurotransmitter.	53
9543388108	rods	a thin straight bar, especially of wood or metal.	54
9543393503	latent learning	Latent learning is a form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without any obvious reinforcement of the behavior or associations that are learned.	55
9543395878	unconditioed stimulus	is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response. For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel hungry.	56
9566969756	Algorithm	a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.	57
9566973490	Functionl Fixed	Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt psychology, a movement in psychology that emphasizes holistic processing.	58
9575845513	heuristic	enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves.	59
9575847912	evolutional treatment	theoretical approach to psychology that attempts to explain useful mental and psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or language	60
9575848547	Bias	ause to feel or show inclination or prejudice for or against someone or something.	61
9575851317	hypothalamus	a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system	62
9575851947	opponent process theory	psychological and neurological model that accounts for a wide range of behaviors, including color vision.	63
9575852359	confirmation bias	the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.	64
9575852811	divergent thinking	Divergent thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions.	65
9575856597	Simund freud	Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.	66
9575859447	standardization	the process of making something conform to a standard.	67
9575859982	validity	the quality of being logically or factually sound; soundness or cogency. "one might question the validity of our data"	68
9575859983	reliablity	the quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well.	69
9575861122	humanistic treatment	helps individuals access and understand their feelings, gain a sense of meaning in life, and reach self-actualization.	70
9575861773	bystanders effect	is a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.	71
9575867136	fundamental attribution error	(FAE), also known as the correspondence bias or attribution effect, is the claim that in contrast to interpretations of their own behavior, people place undue emphasis on internal characteristics of the agent	72
9575867948	conformity	compliance with standards, rules, or laws.	73
9575869435	mere-exposure effect	psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. In social psychology, this effect is sometimes called the familiarity principle	74
9575871260	self -serving bias	n a transistor or vacuum tube, obtaining of the correct bias utilizing a dropping resistor instead of an external bias voltage. Also called automatic bias (1), or automatic grid bias.	75
9575871261	social Loafing	social loafing is the phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.	76
9575873066	hypothesis	a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.	77
9575875414	longitude study	a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.	78
9575877595	research ethics	respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take special precautions with vulnerable populations; and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly.	79
9575877596	median	he median value of a range of values.	80
9575878271	serotonin	a compound present in blood platelets and serum that constricts the blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter.	81
9575878272	retina	a layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.	82
9575879408	perception	the state of being or process of becoming aware of something through the senses.	83
9575880891	sensory adaption	over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus. It is usually experienced as a change in the stimulus. For example, if one rests one's hand on a table, one immediately feels the table's surface on one's skin.	84
9575881562	punishment	he penalty inflicted	85
9575884477	semantic memory	Itis one of the two types of declarative or explicit memory (our memory of facts or events that is explicitly stored and retrieved). Semantic memory refers to general world knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our lives.	86
9575887580	belief perservence	Belief perseverance is the tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information that contradicts or dis- confirms the basis of that belief.	87
9575888314	drive-reduction theory	Drive-Reduction Theory focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives. In this theory, Hull proposed a person's behaviour is an external display of his desire to satisfy his physical deficiencies.	88
9575889139	extrinsic motivation	This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual.	89
9575889803	ever justification effect	occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task.	90
9575889804	Attachment	the condition of being attached to something or someone, in particular	91
9575890751	conservation	reservation, repair, and prevention of deterioration of archaeological, historical, and cultural sites and artifacts.	92
9575891262	object permanence	continue to exist even when they cannot be perceived (seen, heard, touched, smelled or sensed in any way)	93
9575891830	panic disorder	a psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause.	94
9575892475	client	a person or organization using the services of a lawyer or other professional person or company.	95
9575892784	centered therapy	non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is a counseling approach that requires the client to take an active role in his or her	96
9575892920	aversive conditioning	behavior that is to be modified or abolished, as the use of nausea-inducing drugs in the treatment of alcoholism. Expand. Also called aversive therapy, aversion therapy.	97

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AP - E-mail expressions Flashcards

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7773935496	Muy estimado/a señor/a:	To greet, to open the letter:	0
9696932640	En cuanto a(l)...	As far as...	1
9696939596	Es importante que Ud. sepa que...	It's important that you know that...	2
9696946936	Si fuera posible...	If it were possible...	3
9696951376	Me gustaría que me informara sobre...	I would like for you to inform me about...	4
9696957031	Al fin y al cabo,	At the end,	5
9696966699	Me dirijo a Ud. para...	I am writing to you to...	6
9696969143	lograr la meta	to achieve the goal	7
9696972207	Por un lado/ por otro lado	On the one hand/on the other hand	8
9696988290	Le doy las gracias de antemano por haberme atendido.	I thank you in advance for your attention.	9
9697020607	Un saludo cordial,	Sincerely (a cordial greeting)	10
9697028343	Atentamente,	Sincerely (one word)	11

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AP Comparative Nigeria Terms Flashcards

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9697218935	Biafra	Eastern Nigerian region inhabited mostly by the Ibo people; in 1967 attempted unsuccessfully to secede from Nigeria; defeated and reintegrated in 1970.	0
9697218936	Boko Haram	a Nigerian militant Islamist group that seeks the imposition of Shariah law throughout all 36 states of Nigeria	1
9697218937	Corporatism	A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state.	2
9697218938	Coup d'etat	a sudden overthrow of the government	3
9697218939	Cultural Diffusion	The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another [Miss DeLong's favorite World History word!]	4
9697218940	ECOWAS	The Economic Community of West African States, formed in 1975 to improve trade within Western Africa and with countries outside the region; 15 countries, Nigeria is most prominent. Promotes economic integration	5
9697218941	Emir	an independent ruler or chieftain; a high title of nobility or office, used throughout the Arab World	6
9697218942	Ethnic conflict	conflict between ethnic groups that struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other's expense	7
9697218943	Failed State	a state within which the government has lost the ability to provide the most basic of public services, leads to anarchy and violence	8
9697218944	Hausa-Fulani	the largest ethnic group that lives in northern Muslim Nigeria	9
9697218945	Igbo	Nigeria's third largest group who are mostly Christian. They are located in the southeast part of Nigeria. This group has many conflicts with the Yoruba and at one point they tried to become a independent nation.	10
9697218946	Informal economy	Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy	11
9697218947	International Monetary Fund (IMF)	An international organization that acts as a lender of last resort, providing loans to troubled nations, and also works to promote trade through financial cooperation	12
9697218948	"Loyalty Pyramid"	senior government officials supported by a broader base of loyal junior officials who alone have access to wealth and influence	13
9697218949	Microcredit	The use of very small loans to small groups of individuals, often women, to stimulate economic development	14
9697218950	"Military in barracks"	traditional role of the military as the institution that provides national security, is involved in international conflicts, and maintains domestic order. In consolidated democracies, generally under civilian control, not holding high political positions.	15
9697218951	Military rule	A nondemocratic rule in which the military intervenes directly in politics as the organization that can solve the problems.	16
9697218952	"National question"	the question of how the country should be governed, or even if Nigeria should remain as one nation.	17
9697218953	Para-statals	A company or agency owned or controlled wholly or partly by the government. Common in both Mexico (Pemex for example) and Nigeria. Usually inefficient as there is a lack of competition for the goods or services they provide.	18
9697218954	Patrimonialism	An arrangement whereby a ruler depends on a collection of supporters within the state who gain direct benefits in return for enforcing the ruler's will.	19
9697218955	Prebendalism	Prebendalism is the extreme practice of clientilistic networks, which is present in Nigeria. The government battle corruption constantly, a form of which is providing government jobs and pay to others in exchange for favors or loyalty.	20
9697218956	Rent seeking	A process in which political leaders essentially rent out parts of the state to their patrons, who as a result control public goods that would otherwise be distributed in a nonpolitical manner.	21
9697218957	Rule of law	principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern	22
9697218958	Shari'a	body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Qur'an and applies Islamic principles to everyday life	23
9697218959	Yoruba	Ethnic group largely confined to southwest Nigeria whose members are divided among Christian, Muslim, and local animist faiths.	24
9697218961	Nigeria		25
9697218962	Egypt		26
9697218963	Kenya		27
9697218964	South Sudan		28
9697218965	Morocco		29
9697218966	South Africa		30
9697218967	Democratic Republic of Congo		31
9697218968	Somalia		32
9697218969	Ghana		33
9697218970	Uganda		34

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AP Statistics (Chapter 1) Flashcards

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10408529848	Variables	Characteristic of an individual	0
10408529849	Categorical Variable	Places individual into a category	1
10408529850	Quantitative Variable	Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average	2
10408529851	Frequency Table	Table of counts	3
10408529852	Relative Frequency Table	Displays percents	4
10408529853	Bar Graph	- Label axes - Title graph - Scale axes appropriately - Each bar should correspond to the appropriate count - Leave room between bars	5
10408529854	Pie Chart	- Include all the categories that make up the whole - Counts will be percentages	6
10408529855	Shape	Symmetric, skewed	7
10408529856	Measures of Center	Mean, Median	8
10408529857	Mean	- Most common measure of center - Arithmetic average	9
10408529858	Median	- Midpoint of a distribution	10
10408529859	Spread	Range, IQR	11
10408529860	IQR	The middle 50%	12
10408529861	IQR Equation	Q3 - Q1	13
10408529862	Outlier Equation	Less than Q1 - 1.5IQR Higher than Q3 + 1.5IQR	14
10408529863	Dotplot	- Only need to properly label horizontal axis - Title - Each dot represents a count of 1 - Works well with a small data set	15
10408529864	Stemplot	- Separate each piece of data into a "stem" and a "lead" - Write the stems vertically in increasing order from top to bottom - Write the leaves in increasing order out from the stem - Be very neat and leave the same amount of space between leaves - Title the graph - Include a key identifying what the stem and leaves represent - Works well with a small data set	16
10408529865	Histogram	- Most common graph of a quantitative variable - The x-axis is continuous, no gaps between bars - Title the graph - Divide the range of data into classes of equal width - Label and scale the axes	17
10408529866	Five-Number Summary	Minimum, Q1, Median, Q3, Maximum	18
10408529867	Boxplot	- Drawn from Q1 to Q3 - Line in the middle marks the median - Lines extend from the box to the smallest and largest observations that aren't outliers	19
10408529868	Standard Deviation	- Find the distance of each observation from the mean - Square each of these distances - Average the distances by dividing their sum by n-1 - Take the square roon	20
10408529869	Round-off Error	The error from rounding decimals	21
10408529870	When describing the overall pattern of a distribution, you must address...	- Center - Shape - Spread - Outliers	22
10408529877	Dotplot		23
10408529878	Histogram		24
10408529879	Bar Graph		25
10408529880	Frequency Table		26
10408529881	Relative Frequency Table		27
10408529882	Symmetric		28
10408529883	Skewed Right		29
10408529884	Skewed Left		30
10408529885	Pie Chart		31
10408529886	Segmented Bar Graph		32
10408529887	Two-Way Table		33
10408529888	Back-to-Back Stemplot		34
10408529889	Boxplot		35
10408529871	Is the mean sensitive to outliers?	The mean is sensitive to outliers.	36
10408529872	If a distribution is skewed, use this measure of center	Median	37
10408529873	Is the median sensitive to outliers?	The median is not sensitive to outliers.	38
10408529874	If a distribution is exactly symmetric, the median and mean will be	Exactly the same	39
10408529875	If the distribution is skewed left, the mean will	Fall to the left	40
10408529876	If the distribution is skewed right, the mean will	Fall to the right	41

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AP Vocab Unit 10 Flashcards

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9264044575	askance	with suspicion, distrust, or disapproval syn: distrustfully, suspiciously	0
9264052051	attenuate	to make thin or slender; to weaken or lessen in force, intensity, or value syn: thin out, dilute, water down ant: thicken, strengthen, bolster	1
9264062181	benign	gentle, kind; forgiving, understanding; having a favorable or beneficial effect; not malignant syn: benevolent, salubrious, harmless ant: malevolent, deleterious	2
9264075155	cavil	to find fault in a petty way, carp; a trivial objection or criticism syn: nitpick	3
9264081219	charlatan	one who feigns knowledge or ability; a pretender, impostor, or quack syn: mountebank	4
9264086847	decimate	to kill or destroy a large part of syn: devastate	5
9264098283	foible	a weak point, failing, minor flaw syn: shortcoming, quirk ant: forte, virtue	6
9264103446	forgo	to do without, abstain from, give up syn: refrain from, renounce ant: indulge in, partake of	7
9264111398	fraught	full of or loaded with, accompanied by syn: charged with ant: devoid of, lacking, deficient in	8
9264118813	inure	to toughen, harden; to render used to something by long subjection or exposure syn: accustom, acclimate	9
9264127827	luminous	emitting or reflecting light glowing; illuminating syn: bright, refulgent, lustrous ant: dark, opaque, dim, murky	10
9264140042	obsequious	marked by slavish attentiveness; excessively submissive, often for purely self-interested reasons syn: fawning, servile, sycophantic, mealymouthed ant: assertive, bumptious, candid, frank, independent	11
9264156614	obtuse	blunt, not coming to a point; slow or dull in understanding; measuring between 90 and 190 degree; not causing a sharp impression syn: dumb, thick, mild, dull-witted ant: perceptive, quick-witted	12
9264177525	oscillate	to swing back and forth with a steady rhythm; to fluctuate or waver syn: vibrate	13
9264184560	penitent	regretful for one's sins or mistakes; one who is sorry for wrongdoing syn: remorseful, regretful, rueful ant: remorseless	14
9264198165	peremptory	having the nature of a command that leaves no opportunity for debate; denial, or refusal; offensively self-assured, dictatorial; determined, resolute syn: unconditional ant: irresolute, mild, unassuming	15
9264213432	rebuff	to snub; to repel, drive away; a curt rejection, a check syn: repulse, reject, setback ant: accept, welcome	16
9264224539	reconnoiter	to engage in reconnaissance; to make a preliminary inspection syn: scout	17
9264231251	shambles	a slaughterhouse; a place of mass bloodshed; a state of complete disorder and confusion, mess	18
9264238449	sporadic	occurring at irregular intervals, having no set plan or order syn: intermittent, spasmodic ant: steady, continuous, uninterrupted	19