AP Language Vocabulary Set 7 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7554499305 | Derision | (n) Redicule | 0 | |
| 7554499306 | Mendacious | (adj) Untrue; usually harmfully or maliciously untrue | 1 | |
| 7554499307 | Aggrandize | (v) to cause to appear greatly | 2 | |
| 7554499308 | Banal | (adj) commonplace | 3 | |
| 7554499309 | Benevolent | (adj) Loving others and actively desirous of their well being | 4 | |
| 7554499310 | Cajole | (V) to impose on or dupe by flattering speech | 5 | |
| 7554499311 | Candid | (Adj) straight forward | 6 | |
| 7554499312 | Pariah | (N) a member of a degraded class; a social outcast | 7 | |
| 7554499313 | Exonerate | (V) to relieve or vindicate from accusation, imputation m, or blame | 8 | |
| 7554499314 | Acrid | (Adj) harshly pungent or bitter | 9 |
Flashcards
AP Literature: Vocabulary Unit 6 (words & definitions) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7930700528 | acrimony (n) | harshness of speech, disposition, behavior | 0 | |
| 7930708901 | alacrity (n) | 1. cheerful promptness or willingness 2. liveliness | 1 | |
| 7930733121 | brevity (n) | 1. shortness of time 2. expression of much in short time | 2 | |
| 7930762314 | conjecture (v/n) | 1. to form an opinion without sufficient evidence for proof 2. the opinion so formed | 3 | |
| 7938104311 | connubial (adj) | pertaining to marriage | 4 | |
| 7938105532 | embargo (n) | a restraint or prohibition, esp. a legal or governmental one | 5 | |
| 7938108467 | exigence (n) | 1. urgency 2. a situation which demands prompt action | 6 | |
| 7938112903 | expedite (v) | to speed up the progress of | 7 | |
| 7938114306 | forlorn (adj) | unhappy, hopeless, or abandoned in feeling, condition, or appearance | 8 | |
| 7938116755 | imprudent (adj) | lacking good judgement | 9 | |
| 7938119786 | infamy (n) | an act or person with a reputation which is evil, shameful, criminal, or outrageous | 10 | |
| 7938124498 | invective (n/adj) | 1. strong denunciation 2. an insulting or abusive word or expression 3. verbally abusive | 11 | |
| 7938127690 | licentious (adj) | 1. sexually unrestrained 2. unrestrained by law or morality 3. going beyond customary or proper boundaries or limits | 12 | |
| 7938132156 | palliate (v) | 1. to attempt to lessen or conceal the seriousness of by excuses, apologies, etc. 2. to relieve without curing | 13 | |
| 7938137898 | petulance (n) | irritation over some trifling annoyance | 14 | |
| 7938139858 | profligate (adj) | 1. utterly shameless and immoral 2. recklessly prodigal or extravagant | 15 | |
| 7938144522 | rapacious (adj) | 1. inordinately greedy 2. predatory | 16 | |
| 7938146465 | reprove (v) | to express disapproval | 17 | |
| 7938161692 | requite (v) | to give or do in return, such as payment, love, retaliation | 18 | |
| 7938166367 | sagacious (adj) | having keen practical sense and good judgement Latin = bloody | 19 | |
| 7938168567 | sanguine (adj) | 1. cheerful, hopeful, or confident 2. reddish | 20 | |
| 7938170853 | supplicate (v) | to humbly ask, pray, or beg | 21 | |
| 7938172306 | tincture (n) | a trace of some element or quality | 22 |
AP Language Vocabulary Unit 3 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5407917404 | Abominate | (v.) to have an intense dislike or hatred for | 0 | |
| 5407939209 | Acculturation | (n.) the modification of the social patterns, traits, or structures of one group or society by contact with those of another; the resultant blend | 1 | |
| 5431666254 | Adventitious | (adj.) resulting from chance rather than from an inherent cause or character; accidental, not essential; (medicene) acquired, not congenital | 2 | |
| 5431691138 | Ascribe | (v.) to assign or refer to (as a cause or a source), attribute | 3 | |
| 5431693007 | Circuitous | (adj.) roundabout, not direct | 4 | |
| 5431694631 | Commiserate | (v.) to sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress | 5 | |
| 5431715098 | Enjoin | (v.) to direct or order; to prescribe a course of action in an authoriative way; to prohibit | 6 | |
| 5431715099 | Expedite | (v.) to make easy, cause to progress faster | 7 | |
| 5431719336 | Expiate | (v.) to make amends, make up for; to avert | 8 | |
| 5431739469 | Ferment | (n.) a state or great excitement, agitation, or turbulence; (v.) to be in or work into such a state; to produce alcohol by chemical action | 9 | |
| 5431741051 | Inadvertent | (adj.) resulting from or marked by lack of attention; unintentional, accidental | 10 | |
| 5431743660 | Nominal | (adj.) existing in name only, not real; too small to be considered or taken seriously | 11 | |
| 5431743661 | Noncommittal | (adj.) not decisive or definite; unwilling to take a clear position or to say yes or no | 12 | |
| 5431785111 | Peculate | (v.) to steal something that has been given into one's trust; to take improperly for one's own use | 13 | |
| 5431785112 | Proclivity | (n.) a natural or habitual inclination or tendency (especially of human character or behavior) | 14 | |
| 5431787244 | Sangfroid | (n.) composure or coolness, especially in trying circumstances | 15 | |
| 5431789826 | Seditious | (adj.) resistant to lawful authority; having the purpose of overthrowing an established government | 16 | |
| 5431789827 | Tenuous | (adj.) thin, slender, not dense; lacking clarity or sharpness; of slight importance or significance; lacking a sound basis, poorly supported | 17 | |
| 5431792385 | Vitriolic | (adj.) bitter, sarcastic; highly caustic or biting (like a strong acid) | 18 | |
| 5431794574 | Wheedle | (v.) to use coaxing or flattery to gain some desired end | 19 |
AP Literature Poetry Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8311294607 | Alliteration | The repetition of initial stressed, consonant sounds in a series of words within a phrase or verse line. Example: "Fetched fresh, as I suppose, off some sweet wood." | 0 | |
| 8311294608 | Allusion | A brief, intentional reference to a historical, mythic, or literary person, place, event, or movement. | 1 | |
| 8311294609 | Amphibrach | A stressed syllable surrounded by two unstressed syllables. (This is a metrical foot) Examples: "another," "uncommon," "instead of." | 2 | |
| 8311294610 | Anapest | A metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable. Examples: "underfoot" and "overcome" (Metrical Foot) | 3 | |
| 8311294611 | Anaphora | The repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines to create a sonic effect. Example: "I have a dream" repetition | 4 | |
| 8311294612 | Antithesis | Contrasting or combining two terms, phrases, or clauses with opposite meanings. Example: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." | 5 | |
| 8311294613 | Apostrophe | An address to a dead or absent person, or personification as if he or she were present. | 6 | |
| 8311294614 | Archetype | A basic model from which copies are made; a prototype. AKA our basic knowledge from the unconscious | 7 | |
| 8311294615 | Assonance | The repetition of vowel sounds without repeating consonants; sometimes called vowel rhyme. Example: "Try to light the fire" | 8 | |
| 8311294616 | Blank Verse | Unrhyming iambic pentameter, also called heroic verse. This 10-syllable line is the predominant rhythm of traditional English dramatic and epic poetry, as it is considered the closest to English speech patterns. | 9 | |
| 8311294617 | Cacophony | Harsh or discordant sounds, often the result of repetition and combination of consonants within a group of words. Example: "Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!" | 10 | |
| 8311294618 | Cadence | The patterning of rhythm in natural speech, or in poetry without a distinct meter (i.e., free verse). | 11 | |
| 8311294619 | Caesura | A stop or pause in a metrical line, often marked by punctuation or by a grammatical boundary, such as a phrase or clause. | 12 | |
| 8311294620 | Catalexis | Omission or incompleteness usually in the last foot of a line in metrical verse Ex: Take the bride and take the groom out, Slap the child and clear the room out. -- Take the bride and take the groom, Slap the child and clear the room. | 13 | |
| 8311294621 | Chiasmus | Repetition of any group of verse elements (including rhyme and grammatical structure) in reverse order, such as the rhyme scheme ABBA. Ex: "But many that are first / Shall be last, / And many that are last / Shall be first"; | 14 | |
| 8311294622 | Closed Form | A type of form or structure in poetry characterized by regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme, line length, and metrical pattern. Example: Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though. He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. | 15 | |
| 8311294623 | Common Measure | A quatrain that rhymes ABAB and alternates four-stress and three-stress iambic lines. | 16 | |
| 8311294624 | Conceit | An often unconventional, logically complex, or surprising metaphor whose delights are more intellectual than sensual. | 17 | |
| 8311294625 | Concrete | Verse that emphasizes nonlinguistic elements in its meaning, such as a typeface that creates a visual image of the topic. |  | 18 |
| 8311294626 | Connotation | The associations called up by a word that goes beyond its dictionary meaning. | 19 | |
| 8311294627 | Consonance | A resemblance in sound between two words, or an initial rhyme. This can also refer to shared consonants, whether in sequence ("bed" and "bad") or reversed ("bud" and "dab" | 20 | |
| 8311294628 | Controlling Image | An image a poet uses to carry forward the sense of the poem. | 21 | |
| 8311294629 | Couplet | A pair of successive rhyming lines, usually of the same length. | 22 | |
| 8311294630 | Dactyl | A metrical foot consisting of an accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables; the words "poetry" and "basketball" | 23 | |
| 8311294631 | Dimeter | A line of verse composed of two feet. Example: "Some go local / Some go express / Some can't wait / To answer Yes," | 24 | |
| 8311294632 | Dirge | 25 | ||
| 8311294633 | Dirge | A brief hymn or song of lamentation and grief; it was typically composed to be performed at a funeral. | 26 | |
| 8311294634 | Dissonance | A disruption of harmonic sounds or rhythms. | 27 | |
| 8311294635 | Double Entendre | A phrase or a figure of speech that might have multiple senses, interpretations or two different meanings or that could be understood in two different ways. | 28 | |
| 8311294636 | Dramatic Monologue | A poem in which an imagined speaker addresses a silent listener, usually not the reader. | 29 | |
| 8311294637 | Elegy | In traditional English poetry, it is often a melancholy poem that laments its subject's death but ends in consolation. | 30 | |
| 8311294638 | End Rhyme | The rhyming of the final syllables of a line. | 31 | |
| 8311294639 | End-Stopped Line | A metrical line ending at a grammatical boundary or break—such as a dash or closing parenthesis—or with punctuation such as a colon, a semicolon, or a period. | 32 | |
| 8311294640 | Enjambment | The running-over of a sentence or phrase from one poetic line to the next, without terminal punctuation; the opposite of end-stopped. | 33 | |
| 8311294641 | Epic | A long narrative poem in which a heroic protagonist engages in an action of great mythic or historical significance. | 34 | |
| 8311294642 | Epigram | A pithy, often witty, poem. Example: This Humanist whom no beliefs constrained Grew so broad-minded he was scatter-brained. | 35 | |
| 8311294643 | Euphemism | A polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant. Example: Croak = Death | 36 | |
| 8311294644 | Euphony | The use of words and phrases that are distinguished as having a wide range of noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create. | 37 | |
| 8311294645 | Exact Rhyme | A form of rhyme between two words or phrases, satisfying the following conditions: The stressed vowel sound in both words must be identical, as well as any subsequent sounds. For example, "sky" and "high"; "skylight" and "highlight". | 38 | |
| 8311294646 | Explication | A relatively short analysis which describes the possible meanings and relationships of the words, images, and other small units that make up a poem. | 39 | |
| 8311294647 | External Rhyme | A pattern of words that rhyme on the "outside." edge of the poem - the last syllable in the last word of each line in a stanza. | 40 | |
| 8311294648 | Eye Rhyme | Rhymes only when spelled, not when pronounced. For example, "through" and "rough. | 41 | |
| 8311294649 | Feminine Rhyme | The rhyming of one or more unstressed syllables, such as "dicing" and "enticing." | 42 | |
| 8311294650 | Figurative Language | Using figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive and impactful. | 43 | |
| 8311294651 | Foot | The basic unit of measurement of accentual-syllabic meter. Usually contains one stressed syllable and at least one unstressed syllable. | 44 | |
| 8311294652 | Free Verse | Nonmetrical, nonrhyming lines that closely follow the natural rhythms of speech. | 45 | |
| 8311294653 | Haiku | A Japanese verse form of three unrhyming lines in five, seven, and five syllables. | 46 | |
| 8311294654 | Heroic Couplet | A pair of successive rhyming lines, usually of the same length written in iambic pentameter and features prominently in the work of 17th- and 18th-century didactic and satirical poets. | 47 | |
| 8311294655 | Hyperbole | A figure of speech composed of a striking exaggeration. | 48 | |
| 8311294656 | Iamb | A metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable. Ex: "unite" and "provide" | 49 | |
| 8311294657 | Image | The ideas pictured in a reader's mind created by the writer. | 50 | |
| 8311294658 | Imagery | Elements of a poem that invoke any of the five senses to create a set of mental images. | 51 | |
| 8311294659 | In media res | Describes a narrative that begins, not at the beginning of a story, but somewhere in the middle — usually at some crucial point in the action | 52 | |
| 8311294660 | Internal Rhyme | Rhyme within a single line of verse; When a word from the middle of a line is rhymed with a word at the end of the line. | 53 | |
| 8311294661 | Limerick | A fixed light-verse form of five generally anapestic lines rhyming AABBA. Example: "An infatuated man from Dover, was left by his imaginary lover. He pulled his hair, in sheer despair, forgetting a wig was his cover." | 54 | |
| 8311294662 | Litotes | A deliberate understatement for effect; the opposite of hyperbole. | 55 | |
| 8311294663 | Lyric | Originally a composition meant for musical accompaniment. The term refers to a short poem in which the poet, the poet's persona, or another speaker expresses personal feelings. | 56 | |
| 8311294664 | Masculine Rhyme | A rhyme of final stressed syllables (e.g., blow / flow, confess / redress ). | 57 | |
| 8311294665 | Measure | A poetic rhythm measured by temporal quantity or accent | 58 | |
| 8311294666 | Meiosis | The use of understatement to highlight a point or explain a situation or to understate a response used to enhance the effect of a dramatic moment. | 59 | |
| 8311294667 | Metaphor | A comparison that is made directly. Example: John Keats's "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" | 60 | |
| 8311294668 | Metaphysical Poets | A group of 17th-century poets whose works are marked by philosophical exploration, colloquial diction, ingenious conceits, irony, and metrically flexible lines. | 61 | |
| 8311294669 | Meter | The rhythmical pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in verse. | 62 | |
| 8311294670 | Metonymy | A figure of speech in which a related term is substituted for the word itself. Often the substitution is based on a material, causal, or conceptual relation between things. For example, the British monarchy is often referred to as the Crown. | 63 | |
| 8311294671 | Narrative Ballad | A popular narrative song passed down orally. In the English tradition, it usually follows a form of rhymed (abcb) quatrains alternating four-stress and three-stress lines. | 64 | |
| 8311294672 | Near Rhyme | Rhyming in which the words sound the same but do not rhyme perfectly. Example "shape/keep" | 65 | |
| 8311294673 | Octave | An eight-line stanza or poem. | 66 | |
| 8311294674 | Ode | A formal, often ceremonious lyric poem that addresses and often celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea. Its stanza forms vary. | 67 | |
| 8311294675 | Onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which the sound of a word imitates its sense (for example, "choo-choo," "hiss," or "buzz"). | 68 | |
| 8311294676 | Open Form | A type of structure or form in poetry characterized by freedom from regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme, line length, metrical pattern, and overall poetic structure. | 69 | |
| 8311294677 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech that brings together contradictory words for effect, such as "jumbo shrimp" and "deafening silence." | 70 | |
| 8311294678 | Paradox | As a figure of speech, it is a seemingly self-contradictory phrase or concept that illuminates a truth. "Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is." | 71 | |
| 8311294679 | Parallelism | The use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc. | 72 | |
| 8311294680 | Paronomasia | A play on words; a pun. | 73 | |
| 8311294681 | Pentameter | A line made up of five feet. It is the most common metrical line in English. | 74 | |
| 8311294682 | Persona | A dramatic character, distinguished from the poet, who is the speaker of a poem | 75 | |
| 8311294683 | Personification | A figure of speech in which the poet describes an abstraction, a thing, or a nonhuman form as if it were a person | 76 | |
| 8311294684 | Prosody | The principles of metrical structure in poetry. | 77 | |
| 8311294685 | Pyrrhic | A metrical unit consisting of two unstressed syllables, in accentual-syllabic verse, or two short syllables, in quantitative meter. EX: "To a green thought in a green shade." | 78 | |
| 8311294686 | Quatrain | A four-line stanza, rhyming. | 79 | |
| 8311294687 | Refrain | A phrase or line repeated at intervals within a poem, especially at the end of a stanza. | 80 | |
| 8311294688 | Repetition | A literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer. | 81 | |
| 8311294689 | Rhythm | An audible pattern in verse established by the intervals between stressed syllables. | 82 | |
| 8311294690 | Rhyme | The repetition of syllables, typically at the end of a verse line. | 83 | |
| 8311294691 | Rhyme Scheme | The ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse. | 84 | |
| 8311294692 | Satire | A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies. | 85 | |
| 8311294693 | Scansion | The analysis of the metrical patterns of a poem by organizing its lines into feet of stressed and unstressed syllables and showing the major pauses, if any. | 86 | |
| 8311294694 | Sestet | A six-line stanza, or the final six lines of a 14-line Italian or Petrarchan sonnet. | 87 | |
| 8311294695 | Sonnet | A 14-line poem with a variable rhyme scheme | 88 | |
| 8311294696 | Spondee | A metrical foot consisting of two accented syllables. Example: With swift, slow; sweet, sour; adazzle, dim; He fathers-forth whose beauty is past change: Praise him. | 89 | |
| 8311294697 | English Sonnet | A sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a couplet with a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg | 90 | |
| 8311294698 | Italian Sonnet | A sonnet consisting of an octave rhyming abba abba and a sestet rhyming in any of various patterns | 91 | |
| 8311294699 | Slant Rhyme | Rhyming in which the words sound the same but do not rhyme perfectly. Example "shape/keep" | 92 | |
| 8311294700 | Sight Rhyme | Rhymes only when spelled, not when pronounced. For example, "through" and "rough. | 93 | |
| 8311294701 | Simile | Comparison using like or as | 94 | |
| 8311294702 | Stanza | A grouping of lines separated from others in a poem. In modern free verse, the stanza, like a prose paragraph, can be used to mark a shift in mood, time, or thought. | 95 | |
| 8311294703 | Stress | A syllable uttered in a higher pitch—or with greater emphasis—than others. | 96 | |
| 8311294704 | Symbol | Something in the world of the senses, including an action, that reveals or is a sign for something else, often abstract or otherworldly. | 97 | |
| 8311294705 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part of something stands for the whole (for example, "I've got wheels" for "I have a car," or a description of a worker as a "hired hand") | 98 | |
| 8311294706 | Synesthesia | In description, a blending or intermingling of different sense modalities. | 99 | |
| 8311294707 | Tenor | What's getting reimagined by the other part of the metaphor | 100 | |
| 8311294708 | Tetrameter | A line made up of four feet. | 101 | |
| 8311294709 | Tone | The poet's attitude toward the poem's speaker, reader, and subject matter, as interpreted by the reader. | 102 | |
| 8311294710 | Trimeter | A line of three metrical feet. | 103 | |
| 8311294711 | Triple Rhyme | A feminine rhyme involving one stressed and two unstressed syllables in each rhyming line. | 104 | |
| 8311294712 | Trochee | A metrical foot consisting of an accented syllable followed by an unaccented syllable. EX: "garden" and "highway." | 105 | |
| 8311294713 | True Rhyme | A form of rhyme between two words or phrases, satisfying the following conditions: The stressed vowel sound in both words must be identical, as well as any subsequent sounds. For example, "sky" and "high"; "skylight" and "highlight". | 106 | |
| 8311294714 | Understatement | A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration. The last line of Frost's "Birches" illustrates this literary device: "One could do worse than be a swinger of birches." | 107 | |
| 8311294715 | Villanelle | A French verse form consisting of five three-line stanzas and a final quatrain, with the first and third lines of the first stanza repeating alternately in the following stanzas. These two refrain lines form the final couplet in the quatrain. | 108 | |
| 8311294716 | Virgule | Separates lines of poetry that are quoted in run-on fashion in the text | 109 | |
| 8311294717 | Volta | Italian word for "turn." AKA The climax of a sonnet. | 110 |
The Great Gatsby AP Language Flashcards Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8566019186 | Depict | To represent or characterize in words; describe, painting, portray, delineate. . | 0 | |
| 8566019187 | Elation | A feeling or state of great joy or pride; exultant gladness; high spirits. | 1 | |
| 8566019188 | Faltered | To speak hesitatingly or brokenly. | 2 | |
| 8566019189 | Flippant | Frivolously disrespectful, shallow, or lacking in seriousness; characterized by levity. | 3 | |
| 8566019190 | Compensate | to provide or be an equivalent; make up; make amends | 4 | |
| 8566019191 | Egotism | excessive and objectionable reference to oneself in conversation or writing; conceit; boastfulness, selfishness. | 5 | |
| 8566019192 | Preemptory | 1. to acquire or appropriate before someone else; take for oneself; arrogate: a political issue preempted by the opposition party. 2. to take the place of because of priorities, reconsideration, rescheduling, etc.; supplant: | 6 | |
| 8566019193 | Grotesque | odd or unnatural in shape, appearance, or character; fantastically ugly or absurd; bizarre. | 7 | |
| 8566019194 | Discontent | not content; dissatisfied; discontented. | 8 | |
| 8566019195 | Propelled | to drive, or cause to move, forward or onward: | 9 | |
| 8566019196 | Grandiose | more complicated or elaborate than necessary; overblown | 10 | |
| 8566019197 | Proffer | to put before a person for acceptance; offer. | 11 | |
| 8566019198 | Subsidiary | serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary; supplementary. | 12 | |
| 8566019199 | Omnibus | pertaining to, including, or dealing with numerous objects or items at once: | 13 | |
| 8566019200 | Scampered | to run or go hastily or quickly. | 14 | |
| 8566019201 | Ravages | to work havoc upon; damage or mar by ravages: | 15 | |
| 8566019202 | Exuberant | effusively and almost uninhibitedly enthusiastic; lavishly abundant | 16 | |
| 8566019203 | Mundane | 1. common; ordinary; banal; unimaginative. 2. of or relating to this world or earth as contrasted with heaven; worldly; earthly: | 17 | |
| 8566019204 | Wearisome | causing weariness; fatiguing: | 18 | |
| 8566019205 | Succulent | 1. full of juice; juicy. 2. rich in desirable qualities. 3. affording mental nourishment. | 19 | |
| 8566019206 | Staunch | Firm or steadfast in principle, adherence, loyalty, etc., as a person: | 20 | |
| 8566019207 | Demeaning | to lower in dignity, honor, or standing; debase: | 21 | |
| 8566019208 | Reveries | 1. a state of dreamy meditation or fanciful musing: 2. a daydream | 22 | |
| 8566019209 | Ineffable | incapable of being expressed or described in words; inexpressible: | 23 | |
| 8566019210 | Contemplative | given to or characterized by contemplation : thoughful, full, or deep consideration/observation | 24 | |
| 8566019211 | Voracious | 1. craving or consuming large quantities of food: 2. exceedingly eager or avid: | 25 | |
| 8566019212 | Disdainful | full of or showing disdain | 26 | |
| 8566019213 | Incomparable | not comparable; incapable of being compared to each other, as two unlike objects or qualities, or to one or more others. | 27 | |
| 8566019214 | Perishable | subject to decay, ruin, or destruction | 28 | |
| 8566019215 | Malice | desire to inflict injury, harm, or suffering on another, either because of a hostile impulse or out of deep-seated meanness | 29 | |
| 8566019216 | indiscernible | that cannot be seen or perceived clearly; imperceptible | 30 | |
| 8566019217 | Ravenously | 1. extremely hungry; famished; voracious 2. intensely eager for gratification or satisfcation | 31 | |
| 8566019218 | Garrulous | excessively talkative in a rambling, roundabout manner, especially about trivial matters. | 32 | |
| 8566019219 | Succor | help; relief; aid; assistance. | 33 | |
| 8566019220 | Deception | something that deceives or is intended to deceive; fraud; artifice. | 34 | |
| 8566019221 | Somber | gloomily dark; shadowy; dimly lighted: | 35 | |
| 8566019222 | Deleterious | injurious to health: | 36 | |
| 8566019223 | Unctuous | characterized by excessive piousness or moralistic fervor, especially in an affected manner; excessively smooth, suave, or smug. | 37 | |
| 8566019224 | Somnambulatory | to walk during sleep; sleepwalk. | 38 | |
| 8566019225 | Noisome | offensive or disgusting, as an odor. | 39 | |
| 8566019226 | Bumptious | offensively self-assertive: | 40 | |
| 8566019227 | Prurient | having, inclined to have, or characterized by lascivious or lustful thoughts, desires, etc. | 41 | |
| 8566019228 | Irate | angry; enraged: | 42 | |
| 8566019229 | Melancholy | a gloomy state of mind, especially when habitual or prolonged; depression. | 43 | |
| 8566019230 | Euphoric | intensely happy or confident | 44 |
AP English Literature WOTD 8 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9726460318 | acme | (n) the highest point, the climax, the peak. | 0 | |
| 9726464554 | cerebral | (adj) favoring intelligence over emotions or instinct, intellectual, rational, logical. | 1 | |
| 9726468877 | conundrum | (n) a difficult problem, a predicament. | 2 | |
| 9726477828 | deleterious | (adj) having a harmful effect, injurious (causing injury), destructive, damaging. | 3 | |
| 9726480953 | discerning | (adj) having keen perception, sharp, astute. | 4 | |
| 9726486665 | echelon | (n) a level of authority or responsibility, a rank. | 5 | |
| 9726490942 | hypocrisy | (n) the practice of proclaiming beliefs, feelings, or values that one does not have or practice. | 6 | |
| 9726495985 | idyllic | (adj) simple and care free, delightfully serine. | 7 | |
| 9726497972 | malinger | (v) to feign illness to avoid work. | 8 | |
| 9726501654 | nondescript | (adj) lacking individual or distinct characteristics, uninteresting, common, ordinary. | 9 | |
| 9726504920 | punitive | (adj) punishing, pertaining to punishment, disciplinary | 10 | |
| 9726509295 | relegate | (v) to place in an unfavorable place or position, to exile, to demote. | 11 | |
| 9726512738 | serendipity | (n) a knack or faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident, luck. | 12 | |
| 9726518311 | soluble | (adj) easily dissolved. | 13 | |
| 9726538374 | waive | (v) to relinquish something voluntarily, to refrain from enforcing. | 14 |
AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8577287166 | abstract | An abbreviated synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research. | 0 | |
| 8577287167 | adage | A saying or proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language. | 1 | |
| 8577287168 | allegory | A story in which the narrative or characters carry an underlying symbolic, metaphorical, or possibly an ethical meaning. The story and characters represent values beyond themselves. | 2 | |
| 8577287169 | alliteration | The repetition of one or more initial consonants in a group of words or lines of poetry or prose. Used for ornament or for emphasis. Also used in epithets, phrases, and slogans. Enhances the aesthetic quality of a prose passage or poem. | 3 | |
| 8577287170 | allusion | A reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or enhance the meaning of an idea. | 4 | |
| 8577287171 | ambiguity | A vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings and interpretation. | 5 | |
| 8577287172 | anachronism | A person, scene, event, or other element in literature that fails to correspond with the time or era in which the work is set. | 6 | |
| 8577287173 | analogy | A comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things. | 7 | |
| 8577287174 | annotation | A brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature. | 8 | |
| 8577287175 | antagonist | A character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist, produces tension or conflict. | 9 | |
| 8577287176 | antithesis | A rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of a grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences. | 10 | |
| 8577287177 | aphorism | A short, pithy statement of a generally accepted truth or sentiment. | 11 | |
| 8577287178 | Apollonian | In contrast to Dionysian, it refers to the most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior. | 12 | |
| 8577287179 | apostrophe | A rhetorical device in which a speaker addresses a person or personified thing not present. | 13 | |
| 8577287180 | archetype | An abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model or form. | 14 | |
| 8577287181 | assonance | The repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words or lines in poetry and prose. | 15 | |
| 8577287182 | ballad | A simple narrative verse that tells a story that is sung or recited. | 16 | |
| 8577287183 | bard | A poet; in olden times, a performer who told heroic stories to a musical accompaniment. | 17 | |
| 8577287184 | bathos | The use of insincere or overdone sentimentality. | 18 | |
| 8577287185 | belle-lettres | French term for the world of books, criticism, and literature in general. | 19 | |
| 8577287186 | bibliography | A list of works cited or otherwise relevant to a subject or other work. | 20 | |
| 8577287187 | Bildungsroman | A German word referring to a novel structured as a series of events that take place as the hero travels in quest of a goal. | 21 | |
| 8577287188 | blank verse | Poetry written in iambic pentameter, the primary meter used in English poetry and the words of Shakespeare and Milton. The lines generally do not rhyme. | 22 | |
| 8577287189 | bombast | Inflated, pretentious language used for trivial subjects. | 23 | |
| 8577287190 | burlesque | A work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation. | 24 | |
| 8577287191 | cacophony | Grating, inharmonious sounds. | 25 | |
| 8577287192 | caesura | A pause somewhere in the middle of a verse, often (but not always) marked by punctuation. | 26 | |
| 8577287193 | canon | The works considered most important in a national literature or period; works widely read and studied. | 27 | |
| 8577287194 | caricature | A grotesque likeness of striking qualities in persons and things. | 28 | |
| 8577287195 | carpe diem | Literally, "seize the day"; enjoy life while you can, a common theme in literature. | 29 | |
| 8577287196 | catharsis | A cleansing of the spirit brought about by the pity and terror or a dramatic tragedy. | 30 | |
| 8577287197 | classic | A highly regarded work of literature or other art form that has withstood the test of time. | 31 | |
| 8577287198 | classical, classicism | Deriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint. | 32 | |
| 8577287199 | climax | The high point, or turning point, or a story or play. | 33 | |
| 8577287200 | coming-of-age-story/novel | A tale in which a young protagonist experiences an introduction to adulthood. The character may develop understanding via disillusionment, education, doses of reality, or any other experiences that alter his or her emotional or intellectual maturity. | 34 | |
| 8577287201 | conceit | A witty or ingenious thought a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language. | 35 | |
| 8577287202 | connotation | The suggested or implied meaning of a word or phrase. Contrast with denotation. | 36 | |
| 8577287203 | consonance | The repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words or a line of poetry. | 37 | |
| 8577287204 | couplet | A pair of rhyming lines in a poem. Two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter is sometimes called a heroic ________. | 38 | |
| 8577287205 | denotation | The dictionary definition of a word. Contrast with connotation. | 39 | |
| 8577287206 | dénouement | The resolution that occurs at the end of a play or work of fiction. | 40 | |
| 8577287207 | deus ex machina | In literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem. | 41 | |
| 8577287208 | diction | The choice of words in oral and written discourse. | 42 | |
| 8577287209 | Dionysian | As distinguished from Apollonian, the word refers to sensual, pleasure-seeking impulses. | 43 | |
| 8577287210 | dramatic irony | A circumstance in which the audience or reader knows more about a situation than a character. | 44 | |
| 8577287211 | elegy | A poem or prose selection that laments or meditates on the passing or death of something or someone of value. | 45 | |
| 8577287212 | ellipsis | Three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation. | 46 | |
| 8577287213 | elliptical construction | A sentence containing a deliberate omission of words. | 47 | |
| 8577287214 | empathy | A feeling of association or identification with an object or person. | 48 | |
| 8577287215 | end-stopped | A term that describes a line of poetry that ends with a natural pause often indicated by a mark of punctuation. | 49 | |
| 8577287216 | enjambment | In poetry, the use of the successive lines with no punctuation or pause between them. | 50 | |
| 8577287217 | epic | An extended narrative poem that tells of the adventures and exploits of a hero that in generally larger than life and is often considered a legendary figure. | 51 | |
| 8577287218 | epigram | A concise but ingenious, witty, and thoughtful statement. | 52 | |
| 8577287219 | euphony | Pleasing, harmonious sounds. | 53 | |
| 8577287220 | epithet | An adjective or phrase that expresses a striking quality of a person or thing. | 54 | |
| 8577287221 | eponymous | A term for the title character of a work of literature. | 55 | |
| 8577287222 | euphemism | A mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term. | 56 | |
| 8577287223 | exegesis | A detailed analysis or interpretation of a work of literature. | 57 | |
| 8577287224 | exposé | A piece or writing that reveals weakness, faults, frailties, or other shortcomings. | 58 | |
| 8577287225 | exposition | The background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of a work of literature. | 59 | |
| 8577287226 | explication | The interpretation or analysis of a text. | 60 | |
| 8577287227 | extended metaphor | A series of comparisons between two unlike objects. | 61 | |
| 8577287228 | fable | A short tale often featuring nonhuman characters that act as people whose actions enable the author to make observations or draw useful lessons about human behavior. | 62 | |
| 8577287229 | falling action | The action in a play or story that occurs after the climax and that leads to the conclusion and often to the resolution of the conflict. | 63 | |
| 8577287230 | fantasy | A story containing unreal, imaginary features. | 64 | |
| 8577287231 | farce | A comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose. | 65 | |
| 8577287232 | figure of speech, figurative language | In contrast to literal language, _____________ implies meanings. It includes metaphors, similes, and personification, among many others. | 66 | |
| 8577287233 | first-person narrative | A narrative told by a character involved in the story, using pronouns such as I and we. | 67 | |
| 8577287234 | flashback | A return to an earlier time in a story or play in order to clarify present action or circumstances. It might also be a character's account of the past, a dream, or a sudden association with past events. | 68 | |
| 8577287235 | foil | A minor character whose personality or attitude contrasts with that of the main character. Juxtaposing one character against another intensifies the qualities of both, to advantage or sometimes to disadvantage. | 69 | |
| 8577287236 | foot | A unit of stressed and unstressed syllables used to determine the meter of a poetic line. | 70 | |
| 8577287237 | foreshadowing | Providing hints of things to come in a story or play. | 71 | |
| 8577287238 | frame | A structure that provides premise or setting for a narrative. | 72 | |
| 8577287239 | free verse | A kind of poetry without rhymed lines, rhythm, or fixed metrical feet. | 73 | |
| 8577287240 | genre | A term used to describe literary forms, such as a novel, play, and essay. | 74 | |
| 8577287241 | Gothic novel | A novel in which supernatural horrors and an atmosphere of unknown terrors pervades the action. | 75 | |
| 8577287242 | harangue | A forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade. | 76 | |
| 8577287243 | hegemony | a dominant cultural trend | 77 | |
| 8577287244 | heroic couplet | Two rhymed lines written in iambic pentameter and used widely in eighteenth-century verse. | 78 | |
| 8577287245 | hubris | The excessive pride that often leads tragic heroes to their death. | 79 | |
| 8577287246 | humanism | A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity. | 80 | |
| 8577287247 | hyperbole | Overstatement; gross exaggeration for rhetorical effect. | 81 | |
| 8577287248 | idyll | A lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place. | 82 | |
| 8577287249 | image | A word or phrase representing that which can be seen, touched, tasted, smelled, or felt. | 83 | |
| 8577287250 | in medias res | A narrative that starts not at the beginning of events but at some other critical point. | 84 | |
| 8577287251 | indirect quotation | Actual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased. | 85 | |
| 8577287252 | invective | A direct verbal assault; a denunciation. | 86 | |
| 8577287253 | irony | A mode of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated, often implying ridicule or light sarcasm; a state of affairs or events that is the reverse of what might have been expected. | 87 | |
| 8577287254 | kenning | A device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities, as in "ring giver" for a king and "whale-road" for ocean. | 88 | |
| 8577287255 | lampoon | A mocking, satirical assault on a person or situation. | 89 | |
| 8577287256 | light verse | A variety of poetry meant to entertain or amuse, but sometimes with a satirical thrust. | 90 | |
| 8577287257 | litotes | A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity. | 91 | |
| 8577287258 | loose sentence | A sentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences, i.e., subject-verb-object. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses. | 92 | |
| 8577287259 | lyric poetry | Personal, reflective poetry that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject. | 93 | |
| 8577287260 | maxim | A saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth. | 94 | |
| 8577287261 | melodrama | A literary form in which events are exaggerated in order to create an extreme emotional response. | 95 | |
| 8577287262 | metaphor | A figure of speech that compares unlike objects. | 96 | |
| 8577287263 | metaphysical poetry | The work of poets, particularly those of the seventeenth century, that uses elaborate conceits, is highly intellectual, and expresses the complexities of love and life. | 97 | |
| 8577287264 | meter | The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in poetry. | 98 | |
| 8577287265 | metonymy | A figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated. | 99 | |
| 8577287266 | Middle English | The language spoken in England roughly between 1150 and 1500 A.D. | 100 | |
| 8577287267 | mock epic | A parody of traditional epic form. It usually treats a frivolous topic with extreme seriousness, using conventions such as invocations to the Muse, action-packed battle scenes, and accounts of heroic exploits. | 101 | |
| 8577287268 | mode | The general form, pattern, and manner of expression of a work of literature. | 102 | |
| 8577287269 | montage | A quick succession of images or impressions used to express an idea. | 103 | |
| 8577287270 | mood | The emotional tone in a work of literature. | 104 | |
| 8577287271 | moral | A brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature. | 105 | |
| 8577287272 | motif | A phrase, idea, or event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in a work of literature. | 106 | |
| 8577287273 | muse | One of the ancient Greek goddesses presiding over the arts. The imaginary source of inspiration for an artist or writer. | 107 | |
| 8577287274 | myth | An imaginary story that has become an accepted part of the cultural or religious tradition of a group or society. They are often used to explain natural phenomena. Almost every culture has one of these to account for the creation of the world and its inhabitants. | 108 | |
| 8577287275 | narrative | A form of verse of prose that tells a story. | 109 | |
| 8577287276 | naturalism | A term often used as a synonym for realism; also a view of experience that is generally characterized as bleak and pessimistic. | 110 | |
| 8577287277 | non sequitur | A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before. | 111 | |
| 8577287278 | novella | A work of fiction of roughly 20,000 to 50,000 words-longer than a short story, but shorter than a novel. | 112 | |
| 8577287279 | novel of manners | A novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular social group. | 113 | |
| 8577287280 | ode | A lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject. | 114 | |
| 8577287281 | Old English | The Anglo-Saxon language spoken in what is now England from approximately 450 to 1150 A.D. | 115 | |
| 8577287282 | omniscient narrator | A narrator with unlimited awareness, understanding, and insight of characters, setting, background, and all other elements of the story. | 116 | |
| 8577287283 | onomatopoeia | The use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning. | 117 | |
| 8577287284 | ottava rima | An eight-line rhyming stanza of a poem. | 118 | |
| 8577287285 | oxymoron | A term consisting of contradictory elements juxtaposed to create a | 119 | |
| 8577287286 | parable | A story consisting of events from which a moral or spiritual truth may be derived | 120 | |
| 8577287287 | paradox | A statement that seems self-contradictory but is nevertheless true | 121 | |
| 8577287288 | paraphrase | A version of a text put into simpler, everyday words | 122 | |
| 8577287289 | pastoral | A work of literature dealing with rural life | 123 | |
| 8577287290 | pathetic fallacy | Faulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects | 124 | |
| 8577287291 | pathos | That element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow | 125 | |
| 8577287292 | pentameter | A verse with five poetic feet per line | 126 | |
| 8577287293 | periodic sentence | A sentence that departs from the usual word order of English sentences by expressing its main though only at the end. In other words, the particulars in the sentence are presented before the idea they support. | 127 | |
| 8577287294 | persona | The role or facade that a character assumes or depicts to a reader, a viewer, or the world at large | 128 | |
| 8577287295 | personification | A figure of speech in which objects and animals are given human characteristics | 129 | |
| 8577287296 | plot | The interrelationship among the events in a story; the plot line is the pattern of events, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. | 130 | |
| 8577287297 | picaresque novel | An episodic novel about a roguelike wanderer who lives off his wits. Ex: Don Quixote, Moll Flanders | 131 | |
| 8577287298 | point of view | The relation in which a narrator or speaker stands to the story or subject matter of a poem. | 132 | |
| 8577287299 | prosody | The grammar of meter and rhythm in poetry | 133 | |
| 8577287300 | protagonist | The main character in a work of literature | 134 | |
| 8577287301 | pseudonym | Also called "pen name" or "nom de plume"; a false name or alias used by writers. Ex: Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) | 135 | |
| 8577287302 | pulp fiction | Novels written for mass consumption, often emphasizing exciting and titillating plots | 136 | |
| 8577287303 | pun | A humorous play on words, using similar-sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings | 137 | |
| 8577287304 | quatrain | A four-line poem or a four-line unit of a longer poem | 138 | |
| 8577287305 | realism | The depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealization or exaggeration for effect. | 139 | |
| 8577287306 | rhetoric | The language of a work and its style; words, often highly emotional, used to convince or sway an audience | 140 | |
| 8577287307 | rhetorical stance | Language that conveys a speaker's attitude or opinion with regard to a particular subject | 141 | |
| 8577287308 | rhyme | The repetition of similar sounds at regular intervals, used mostly in poetry. | 142 | |
| 8577287309 | rhyme scheme | The pattern of rhymes within a given poem | 143 | |
| 8577287310 | rhythm | The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that make up a line of poetry | 144 | |
| 8577287311 | roman a clef | French for a novel in which hisotrical events and actual people appear under the guise of fiction | 145 | |
| 8577287312 | romance | An extended narrative about improbable events and extraordinary people in exotic places | 146 | |
| 8577287313 | sarcasm | A sharp, caustic expression or remark; a bitter jibe or taunt; different from irony, which is more subtle | 147 | |
| 8577287314 | satire | A literary style used to poke fun at, attack, or ridicule an idea, vice, or foible, often for the purpose of inducing change | 148 | |
| 8577287315 | scan | The act of determining the meter of a poetic line. | 149 | |
| 8577287316 | sentiment | A synonym for view or feeling; also a refined and tender emotion in literature | 150 | |
| 8577287317 | sentimental | A term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience; also nauseatingly nostalgic and mawkish | 151 | |
| 8577287318 | setting | The total environment for the action in a novel or play. It includes time, place, historical milieu, and social, political, and even spiritual circumstances | 152 | |
| 8577287319 | simile | A figurative comparison using the words like or as | 153 | |
| 8577287320 | sonnet | A popular form of verse consisting of fourteen lines and a prescribed rhyme scheme. | 154 | |
| 8577287321 | stanza | A group of two or more lines in poetry combined according to subject matter, rhyme, or some other plan | 155 | |
| 8577287322 | stream of consciousness | A style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind | 156 | |
| 8577287323 | style | The manner in which an author uses and arranges words, | 157 | |
| 8577287324 | subplot | A subordinate or minor collection of events in a novel or play, usually connected to the main plot | 158 | |
| 8577287325 | subtext | The implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of a work of literature | 159 | |
| 8577287326 | symbolism | The use of one object to evoke ideas and associations not literally part of the original object | 160 | |
| 8577287327 | synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole ("fifty masts" for fifty ships) or the whole signifies the part ("days" for life, as in "He lived his days in Canada"). Also when the name of the material stands for the thing itself ("pigskin" for football) | 161 | |
| 8577287328 | syntax | The organization of language into meaningful structure; every sentence has a particular pattern of words | 162 | |
| 8577287329 | theme | The main idea or meaning, often an abstract idea upon which a work of literature is built | 163 | |
| 8577287330 | title character | A character whose name appears in the title of the novel or play; also known as the eponymous character | 164 | |
| 8577287331 | tone | The author's attitude toward the subject being written about. The spirit or quality that is the work's emotional essence | 165 | |
| 8577287332 | tragedy | A form of literature in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw and a set of forces that cause the hero considerable anguish | 166 | |
| 8577287333 | trope | The generic name for a figure of speech such as image, symbol, simile, and metaphor | 167 | |
| 8577287334 | verbal irony | A discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words | 168 | |
| 8577287335 | verse | A synonym for poetry. Also a group of lines in a song or poem; also a single line of poetry | 169 | |
| 8577287336 | verisimilitude | Similar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is. | 170 | |
| 8577287337 | versification | The structural form of a line of verse as revealed by the number of feet it contains. For example: monometer = 1foot; tetrameter = 4 feet; pentameter = 5 feet, and so forth | 171 | |
| 8577287338 | villanelle | A French verse form calculated to appear simple and spontaneous but consisting of nineteen lines and a prescribed pattern of rhymes | 172 | |
| 8577287339 | voice | The real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker | 173 | |
| 8577287340 | wit | The quickness of intellect and the power and talent for saying brilliant things that suprise and delight by their unexpectedness; the power to comment subtly and pointedly on the foibles of the passing scene | 174 |
AP Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9771692240 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. In some allegories, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction lie hope or freedom. The allegorical meaning usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human existence. A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. |  | 0 |
| 9771692241 | Alliteration | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants in tow or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells). Although the term is not used frequently in the multiple-choice section, you can look for alliteration in any essay passage. The repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, and/or echo the sense of the passage. |  | 1 |
| 9771692242 | Allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion. |  | 2 |
| 9771692243 | Ambiguity (am-bi-gyoo-i-tee) | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |  | 3 |
| 9771692244 | Analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging. Ex. He that voluntarily continues ignorance is guilty of all the crimes which ignorance produces, as to him |  | 4 |
| 9771692245 | Anaphora (uh-naf-er-uh) | One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. |  | 5 |
| 9771692246 | Anecdote | A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event. The term most frequently refers to an incident in the life of a person |  | 6 |
| 9771692247 | Antecedent (an-tuh-seed-nt) | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP Language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. |  | 7 |
| 9771692248 | Antithesis (an-tih-theh-sis) | Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure; a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences. Antithesis creates a definite and systematic relationship between ideas. |  | 8 |
| 9771692249 | Aphorism | A terse statement of know authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) An aphorism can be a memorable summation of the author's point. |  | 9 |
| 9771692250 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect is to give vent to or display intense emotion, which can no longer be held back: |  | 10 |
| 9771692251 | Asyndeton (uh-sin-di-tuhn) | consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. This can give the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account. Asyndetic lists can be more emphatic than if a final conjunction were used. |  | 11 |
| 9771692252 | Atmosphere | The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. Even such elements as description of the weather can contribute to the atmosphere. Frequently atmosphere forshadows events. Perhaps it can create a mood. |  | 12 |
| 9771692253 | Chiasmus (kahy-az-muhs) | (From the Greek word for "criss-cross," a designation baed on the Greek letter "chi," written X). Chiasmus is a figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words. |  | 13 |
| 9771692254 | Clause | a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can sand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. The point that you want to consider is the question of what or why the author subordinates one element to the other. You should also become aware of making effective use of subordination in your own writing. |  | 14 |
| 9771692255 | Colloquial/colloquialism (kuj-loh-kwee-uhl) | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational, familiar tone. Colloquial expressions in writing include local or regional dialects. |  | 15 |
| 9771692256 | Coherence | A principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible. Words, phrases, clauses within the sentence; and sentences, paragraphs, and chpters in larger pieces of writing are the unit that by their progressive and logical arrangement, make for coherence. |  | 16 |
| 9771692257 | Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. A conceit displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made. |  | 17 |
| 9771692258 | Connotation | - The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. Connotations may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes. |  | 18 |
| 9771692259 | Denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion attitude, or color. |  | 19 |
| 9771692260 | Diacope | repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase: word/phrase X, . . ., word/phrase X. |  | 20 |
| 9771692261 | Diction | Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. For the AP exam, you should be able to describe an author's diction (for example, formal or informal, ornate or plain) and understand the ways in which diction can complement the author's purpose. Diction, combined with syntax, figurative language, literary devices, etc., creates an author's style. |  | 21 |
| 9771692262 | Didactic (dahy-dak-tik) | From the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching." Didactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles. |  | 22 |
| 9771692263 | Enumeratio | Figure of amplification in which a subject is divided into constituent parts or details, and may include a listing of causes, effects, problems, solutions, conditions, and consequences; the listing or detailing of the parts of something. |  | 23 |
| 9771692264 | Expletive (ek-spli-tiv) | Figure of emphasis in which a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal speech, is used to lend emphasis to the words on either side of the expletive. |  | 24 |
| 9771692265 | Euphemism (yoo-fuh-miz-uhm) | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. The euphemism may be sued to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. |  | 25 |
| 9771692266 | Exposition | In essays, one of the four chief types of composition, the others being argumentation, description, and narration. The purpose of exposition is to explain something. In drama, the exposition is the introductory material, which creates the tone, gives the setting, and introduces the characters and conflict. |  | 26 |
| 9771692267 | Extended metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout the work. |  | 27 |
| 9771692268 | Figurative language | - Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. |  | 28 |
| 9771692269 | Figure of speech | A device used to produce figurate language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement. |  | 29 |
| 9771692270 | Generic conventions | This term describes traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example, they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing. On the AP language exam, try to distinguish the unique features of a writer's work from those dictated by convention. |  | 30 |
| 9771692271 | Genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. However, genre is a flexible term; within these broad boundaries exist many subdivisions that are often called genres themselves. For example, prose can be divided into fiction (novels and short stories) or nonfiction (essays, biographies, autobiographies, etc). Poetry can be divided into lyric, dramatic, narrative, epic, etc. Drama can be divided into tragedy, comedy, melodrama, farce, etc. ON the AP language exam, expect the majority of the passages to be from the following genres: autobiography, biography, diaries, criticism, essays, and journalistic, political, scientific, and nature writing. |  | 31 |
| 9771692272 | Homily (hom-uh-lee) | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. |  | 32 |
| 9771692273 | Hyperbole (hahy-pur-buh-lee) | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony. |  | 33 |
| 9771692274 | Hypophora | Figure of reasoning in which one or more questions is/are asked and then answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker; raising and responding to one's own question(s). A common usage is to ask the question at the beginning of a paragraph and then use the paragraph to answer it. You can use hypophora to raise questions which you think the reader obviously has on his/her mind and would like to see formulated and answered. |  | 34 |
| 9771692275 | Imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, imager y uses terms related to the five senses; we refer to visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory imagery. On a broader and deeper level, however, one image can represent more than one thing. For example, a rose may present visual imagery while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks and/or symbolizing some degree of perfection (It is the highest flower on the Great Chain of Being). An author may use complex imagery while simultaneously employing other figure s of speech, especially metaphor and simile. In addition, this term can apply to the total of all the images in a work. ON the AP exam, pay attention to how an author creates imagery and to the effect of this imagery. |  | 35 |
| 9771692276 | Inference/infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. When a multiple-choice question asks for an inference to be drawn from a passage, the most direct, most reasonable inference is the safest answer choice. If an inference is implausible, it's unlikely to be the correct answer. Note that if the answer choice is directly stated, it is not inferred and is wrong. You must be careful to note the connotation - negative or positive - of the choices. |  | 36 |
| 9771692277 | Invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attach using strong, abusive language. |  | 37 |
| 9771692278 | Irony/ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. In general, there are three major types of irony used in language; (1) In a verbal irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) true meaning. (2) In situational irony, events turn out the opposite of what was expected. What the characters and the readers think ought to happen. (3) In dramatic irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction, but know to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. Irony is used for many reasons, but frequently, it's used to create poignancy or humor. |  | 38 |
| 9771692279 | Juxtaposition (juhk-stuh-puh-zish-uhn) | When two words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast. |  | 39 |
| 9771692280 | Litotes (lahy-toh-teez) | From the Greek word "simple" or "plain." Litotes is a figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite. It is a special form of understatement, where the surface denial serves, through ironic contrast, to reinforce the underlying assertion. |  | 40 |
| 9771692281 | Loose sentence | a type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by wdependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. A work containing many loose sentences often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational. Generally loose sentences create loose style. |  | 41 |
| 9771692282 | Metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful. |  | 42 |
| 9771692283 | Metonymy (mi-ton-uh-mee) | A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name." Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. A news release that claims "the White House declared" rather that "the President declared" is using metonymy. The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional response. |  | 43 |
| 9771692284 | Mood | This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and eals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. The indicative mood is used only for factual sentences. For example, "Joe eats too quickly." The subjective mod is used to express conditions contrary to fact. For example, "If I were you, I'd get another job." The imperative mood is used for commands. For example, "Shut the door!" The second meaning of mood is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood. In this usage, mood is similar to tone and atmosphere. |  | 44 |
| 9771692285 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. |  | 45 |
| 9771692286 | Onomatopoeia (on-uh-mat-uh-pee-uh) | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur. If you not eexamples of onomatopoeia in an essay passage, note the effect. |  | 46 |
| 9771692287 | Oxymoron | From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," an oxymoron is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness." This term does not usually appear in the multiple-choice questions, but there is a chance that you might find it in an essay. Take note of the effect which the author achieves with this term. |  | 47 |
| 9771692288 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. |  | 48 |
| 9771692289 | Parallelism | Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, this term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but is not limited to repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase. A famous example of parallelism begins Charles Dickens's novel A Tale of Two Cities: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity . . ." The effects of parallelism are numerous, but frequently they act as an organizing force to attract the reader's attention, add emphasis and organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm. |  | 49 |
| 9771692290 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. As comedy, parody distorts or exaggerated distinctive features of the original. As ridicule, it mimics the work by repeating and borrowing words, phrases, or characteristics in order to illuminate weaknesses in the original. Well-written parody offers enlightenment about the original, but poorly written parody offers only ineffectual imitation. Usually an audience must grasp literary allusion and understand the work being parodied in order to fully appreciate the nuances of the newer work. Occasionally, however, parodies take on a life of their own and don't require knowledge of the original |  | 50 |
| 9771692291 | Pedantic (puh-dan-tik) | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. |  | 51 |
| 9771692292 | Periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. For example: "Ecstatic with my AP score, I let out a loud, joyful shout!" The effect of a periodic sentence is to add emphasis and structural variety. It is also a much stronger sentence than the loose sentence. |  | 52 |
| 9771692293 | Personification | A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. Personification is used to make these abstractions, animal, or objects appear more vivid to the reader. |  | 53 |
| 9771692294 | Polysyndeton (paulee-sin-dih-tawn) | Figure of addition and emphasis which intentionally employs a series of conjunctions (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) not normally found in successive words, phrases or clauses; the deliberate and excessive use of conjunctions in successive words or clauses. The effect is a feeling of multiplicity, energetic enumeration, and building up - a persistence or intensity. |  | 54 |
| 9771692295 | Predicate adjective | One type of subject complement is an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is an the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject. |  | 55 |
| 9771692296 | Predicate nominative | A second type of subject complement - a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that names the subject. It, like the predicate adjective, follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence. |  | 56 |
| 9771692297 | Prose | One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and non-fiction, including all its forms. In prose the printer determines the length of the line; in poetry, the poet determines the length of the line |  | 57 |
| 9771692298 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. |  | 58 |
| 9771692299 | Rhetoric | From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. | 59 | |
| 9771692300 | Rhetorical modes | This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing. The four most common rhetorical modes and their purposes are as follows: (1) The purpose of exposition (or expository writing) is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. The AP language exam essay questions are frequently expository topics. (2) The purpose of argumentation is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation having an additional aim of urging some form of action. (3) The purpose of description is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses in description; good descriptive writing can be sensuous and picturesque. Descriptive writing may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional and subjective. (4) The purpose of narration is to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events. This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing. These four modes are sometimes referred to as mode of discourse. |  | 60 |
| 9771692301 | Rhetorical Question [erotesis] | - differs from hypophora in that it is not answered by the writer because its answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no answer would suffice. It is used for effect, emphasis, or provocation, or for drawing a conclusionary statement from the fact at hand. |  | 61 |
| 9771692302 | Sarcasm | From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," sarcasm involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony is a device, but not all ironic statements are sarcastic, that is, intended to ridicule. When well done, sarcasm can be witty and insightful; when done poorly, it's simply cruel |  | 62 |
| 9771692303 | Satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform human behavior, satire is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. It can be recognized by the many devices used effectively the satirist: irony, wit, parody, caricature, hyperbole, understatement, and sarcasm. The effects of satire are varied, depending on the writer's goal, but good satire, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition. |  | 63 |
| 9771692304 | Semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another |  | 64 |
| 9771692305 | Style | The consideration of style has two purposes: (1) An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. Some authors' styles are so idiosyncratic that we can quickly recognize works by the same author (or a writer emulating that author's style)/ Compare, for example, Jonathan's Swift to George Orwell or William Faulkner to Ernest Hemingway. We can analyze and describe an author's personal style and make judgments on how appropriate it is to the author's purpose. Styles can be called flowery, explicit, succinct, rambling, bombastic, commonplace, incisive, or laconic, to name only a few examples. (2) Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors. By means of such classification and comparison, we can see how an author's style reflects and helps to define a historical period, such as the Renaissance of the Victorian period, or a literary movement, such as the romantic, transcendental or realist movement. | | 65 |
| 9771692306 | Subject complement | The word (with any accompanying phrases) or clauses that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it or (2) describing it. The former is the technically a predicate nominative, the latter a predicate adjective. Multiple-choice questions. |  | 66 |
| 9771692307 | Subordinate clause | Like all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, the subordinate clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought. Also called a dependent clause, the subordinate clause depends on a main clause, sometimes called an independent clause, to complete its meaning. Easily recognized key words and phrases usually begin these clauses 0 for example: although, because, unless, if even though, since, as soon as, while who, when , where, how and that. |  | 67 |
| 9771692308 | Syllogism (sil- uh-jiz-uhm) | From the Greek for "reckoning together, " a syllogism (or syllogistic-reasoning or syllogistic logic is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the firs one called "major" and the second, "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. A frequently cited example proceeds as follows; |  | 68 |
| 9771692309 | Symbol/symbolism | Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. Usually a symbol is something concrete - such as object, action, character, or scene - that represents something more abstract. However, symbols, and symbolism can be much more complex. One system classifies symbols in three categories: (1) Natural symbols are objects and occurrences from nature to represent ideas commonly associated with them (dawn symbolizing hope or a new beginning, a rose symbolizing love, a tree symbolizing knowledge). (2) Conventional symbols are those that have been invested with meaning by a group (religious symbols such as a cross or Star of David; national symbols, such as a flag or an eagle; or group symbols, such as a skull an crossbones for pirates or the scales of justice for lawyers). (3) Literary symbols are sometimes also conventional in the sense that they are found in a variety of works and are generally recognized. However, a work's symbols may be more complicated as is the whale in Moby Dick and the jungle in Heart of Darkness. On the AP exam, try to determine what abstraction an object is a symbol for and to what extent it is successful in representing that abstraction. |  | 69 |
| 9771692310 | Synecdoche (si-nek-duh-kee) | is a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole, the whole for a part, the genus for the species, the species for the genus, the material for the thing made, or in short, any portion , section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself (or vice versa). |  | 70 |
| 9771692311 | Syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Syntax is similar to diction, but you can differentiate them by thinking of syntax as the groups of words, while diction refers to the individual words. In the multiple-choice section, expect to be asked some questions about how an author manipulates syntax. In the essay section, you will need to analyze how syntax produces effects. |  | 71 |
| 9771692312 | Theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually theme is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the theme may be directly stated, especially in exposityr or argumentative writing. |  | 72 |
| 9771692313 | Thesis | In expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or a group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. Expository writing is usually judged by analyzing how accurately, effectively, and thoroughly a writer has proved the thesis. |  | 73 |
| 9771692314 | Tone | Similar to mood, tone describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. Tone is easier to determine in spoken language than in written language. Considering how a work would sound if ti were read aloud can help in identifying an author's tone. Some words describing tone are playful, serious, businesslike, sarcastic, humorous, formal, ornate, sardonic, and somber |  | 74 |
| 9771692315 | Transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. Used especially, although not exclusively, in expository and argumentative writing, transitions effectively signal a shift from one idea to another. A few commonly used transitional words or phrases are furthermore, consequently, nevertheless, for example, in addition, likewise, similarly and on the contrary. More sophisticated writers use more subtle means of transition. We will discuss these methods later. |  | 75 |
| 9771692316 | Understatement | The ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. The effect can frequently be humorous and emphatic. Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole. | 76 | |
| 9771692317 | Undertone | An attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece. Under a cheery surface, for example, a work may have threatening undertones. William Blake's "The Chimney Sweeper" from the Songs of Innocence has a grim undertone. |  | 77 |
| 9771692318 | Wit | In modern usage, intellectually amazing language that surprises and delights. A witty statement is humorous, while suggesting the speaker's verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks. Wit usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement. Historically, wit originally meant basic understanding. Its meaning evolved to include speed of understanding, and finally (in the early seventeenth century), it grew to mean quick perception including creative fancy and a quick tongue to articulate an answer that demanded the same quick perception. |  | 78 |
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
