| 4631051916 | Personification | The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsworth's "the sea that bares her bosom to the moon." | | 0 |
| 4631051917 | Antithesis | the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. "To be or not to be . . ." "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . ." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . ." | | 1 |
| 4631051918 | Oxymoron | From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," ___ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness." | | 2 |
| 4631051919 | Sarcasm | from the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," ___ involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device. | | 3 |
| 4631051920 | Synecdoche | a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example. | | 4 |
| 4631051921 | Hyperbole | a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement | | 5 |
| 4631051922 | Anaphora | repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent. | | 6 |
| 4631051923 | Euphony | the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work. | | 7 |
| 4631051924 | Theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually, __ is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the __ may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing. | | 8 |
| 4631051925 | Metonomy | a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared" | | 9 |
| 4631051926 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. | | 10 |
| 4631051927 | Transition | a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph. | | 11 |
| 4631051928 | Onomatopoeia | a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum. | | 12 |
| 4631051929 | Cacophony | harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary word. | | 13 |
| 4631051930 | Metaphor | a direct comparison between dissimilar things. "Your eyes are stars" is an example. | | 14 |
| 4631051931 | Symbol | generally, anything that represents, stands for, something else. Usually, a ___ is something concrete—such as an object, action, character, or scene—that represents something more abstract. | | 15 |
| 4631051932 | Begging the Question | Often called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim. | | 16 |
| 4631051933 | Invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | | 17 |
| 4631051934 | Understatement | the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended. | | 18 |
| 4631051935 | Either-or reasoning | When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives. | | 19 |
| 4631051936 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | | 20 |
| 4631051937 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. | | 21 |
| 4631051938 | Causal Relationship | In __, a writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument. | | 22 |
| 4631051939 | Equivocation | When a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument. | | 23 |
| 4631051940 | Imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, __ uses terms related to the five senses; we refer to visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory. For example, a rose may present visual __ while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks. | | 24 |
| 4631051941 | Euphemism | a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common __ for "he died." They are also used to obscure the reality of the situation. | | 25 |
| 4631051942 | Figure of Speech | A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Examples are apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement. | | 26 |
| 4631051943 | Irony | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. | | 27 |
| 4631051944 | Satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or their society, ___ is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. The effect of __, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition. | | 28 |
| 4631051945 | Alliteration | The repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers." | | 29 |
| 4631051946 | Epigraph | The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertrude Stein. | | 30 |
| 4631051947 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence with a main clause that is not grammatically complete until the very end of the sentence.The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety. | | 31 |
| 4631051948 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | | 32 |
| 4631051949 | Situational Irony | a type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected. | | 33 |
| 4631051950 | Consonance | Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity. | | 34 |
| 4631051951 | Pathos | an appeal based on emotion. | | 35 |
| 4631051952 | Syllogism | From the Greek for "reckoning together," a __ is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. | | 36 |
| 4631051953 | Logos | an appeal based on logic or reason | | 37 |
| 4631051954 | Verbal Irony | In this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning | | 38 |
| 4631051955 | Anecdote | A story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point. | | 39 |
| 4631051956 | Abstract Language | Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. | | 40 |
| 4631051957 | Ad Hominem | In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man." | | 41 |
| 4631051958 | Denotation | the literal or dictionary meaning of a word | | 42 |
| 4631051959 | Cumulative or loose | Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars | | 43 |
| 4631051960 | Dramatic Irony | In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work | | 44 |
| 4631051961 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | | 45 |
| 4631051962 | Connotation | the interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning. | | 46 |
| 4631051963 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | | 47 |
| 4631051964 | Syntax | The grammatical structure of prose and poetry. | | 48 |
| 4631051965 | Assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity | | 49 |
| 4631051966 | Voice | can refer to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive). The second refers to the total "sound" of the writer's style. | | 50 |
| 4631051967 | Infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. | | 51 |
| 4631051968 | Argument | A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer | | 52 |
| 4631051969 | Allusion | A reference contained in a work | | 53 |
| 4631051970 | Genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. | | 54 |
| 4631051971 | Stream-of-consciousness | This is a narrative technique that places the reader in the mind and thought process of the narrator, no matter how random and spontaneous that may be. | | 55 |
| 4631051972 | Allegory | A work that functions on a symbolic level | | 56 |
| 4631051973 | Explication | The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. __ usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language. | | 57 |
| 4631051974 | Parallelism | refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. | | 58 |
| 4631051975 | Semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies that meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another. | | 59 |
| 4631051976 | Rhetorical Modes | The flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. | | 60 |
| 4631051977 | Analogy | a literary device employed to serve as a basis for comparison. It is assumed that what applies to the parallel situation also applies to the original circumstance. In other words, it is the comparison between two different items. | | 61 |
| 4631051978 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | | 62 |
| 4631051979 | Example | an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern | | 63 |
| 4631051980 | Description | The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses. | | 64 |
| 4631051981 | Narrative Device | This term describes the tools of the storyteller, such as ordering events to that they build to climatic movement or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing in creates a desired effect. | | 65 |
| 4631051982 | Ethical Appeal | When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. | | 66 |
| 4631051983 | Exposition | The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. | | 67 |
| 4631051984 | Attitude | the relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience | | 68 |
| 4631051985 | Backing | Support or evidence for a claim in an argument | | 69 |
| 4631051986 | Ellipsis | Indicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text. | | 70 |
| 4631051987 | Argumentation | The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. | | 71 |
| 4631051988 | Didactic | writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A ___ work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns. | | 72 |
| 4631051989 | Ambiguity | an event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. | | 73 |
| 4631051990 | Narration | The purpose of this type of rhetorical mode is to tell the story or narrate an event or series of events. | | 74 |
| 4631051991 | Rhetoric | from the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principle governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. | | 75 |
| 4631051992 | Third Person Limited | This type of point of view presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining characters | | 76 |
| 4631051993 | Third Person Omniscient | In ___, the narrator, with a godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters. | | 77 |
| 4631051994 | Comic Relief | the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event. | | 78 |
| 4631051995 | Character | those who carry out the action of the plot in literature. Major, minor, static, and dynamic are the types. | | 79 |
| 4631051996 | Colloquial | the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone. Huckleberry Finn in written in a __ style. | | 80 |
| 4631051997 | Antecedent | the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers. | | 81 |
| 4631051998 | Style | an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. | | 82 |
| 4631051999 | Thesis | The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition. | | 83 |
| 4631052000 | Authority | Arguments that draw on recognized experts or persons with highly relevant experience. | | 84 |
| 4631052001 | Chiasmus | Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. It is often short and summarizes a main idea. | | 85 |
| 4631052002 | Deconstruction | a critical approach that debunks single definitions of meaning based on the instability of language. It "is not a dismantling of a structure of a text, but a demonstration that it has already dismantled itself." | | 86 |
| 4631052003 | Balance | a situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work. | | 87 |
| 4631052004 | Conflict | a clash between opposing forces in a literary work, such as man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. God; man vs. self | | 88 |
| 4631052005 | Tone | Similar to mood, __ describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both. | | 89 |
| 4631052006 | Prose | One of the major divisions of genre, ___ refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech. | | 90 |
| 4631052007 | Dialect | the recreation of regional spoken language, such as a Southern one. Hurston uses this in Their Eyes Were Watching God. | | 91 |
| 4631052008 | Asyndeton | Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z. | | 92 |
| 4631052009 | Wit | In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement. | | 93 |
| 4631052010 | Point of View | In literature, the perspective from which a story is told. | | 94 |
| 4631052011 | Deduction | The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example. | | 95 |
| 4631052012 | Annotation | explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data. | | 96 |
| 4631052013 | Mood | This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude (like, the subjunctive). The second meaning is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. | | 97 |
| 4631052014 | Diction | the author's choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning | | 98 |
| 4631052015 | Ethos | An appeal based on ethics. | | 99 |
