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AP Literature: Poems Flashcards

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4156000972Safe in the Alabaster Chambers by Emily DickinsonSUMMARY: the planets will continue to orbit when the living die; even huge events will happen like royalty will resign but it will all have no effect the dead THEME: the dead are in eternal bliss,0
4156000973Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe ShelleySUMMARY: traveler tells the poet about two stone legs that stand in the desert. Near them on the sand lies a damaged stone head. Huge fragments stretch the empty desert. THEME: Transience-nothing lasts forever1
4156000974My Last Duchess by Robert BrowningSUMMARY: A duke is talking to an unnamed servant about his late wife who supposedly was too happy with the world around her when she should have gained joy only from her husband. He indirectly states that he had her killed for the offense. THEME: male power and pride over women2
4156000975To His Coy Mistress by Andrew MarvellSUMMARY: Told from the perspective of a man to his lover, he attempts to persuade her to copulate by telling her that time is finite and he won't be able to cherish her beauty, which will deteriorate with death. Ultimately, it's poet's view of time, mortality, and carpe diem mentality. THEME: Time, Mortality, Sex3
4156000976Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred OwenSUMMARY: A man reflecting on his time in the war and how someone was killed by gas, how he still has nightmares of that time. War isn't worth the horrors that it brings to the soldiers that are foolishly enticed into it. THEME: war, anti-patriotism CONTEXT: WWI4
4156000977The Colonel-grapples more with the weight of recounting atrocities than the atrocities themselves -some things can't be poeticized5
4156000978Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter by John Crowe RansomSUMMARY: there was an unexpected death of a young, lively girl, John Whiteside's daughter. Everyone was astonished and the speaker kept dwelling on the past, her past, when she was alive. THEME: death, life is fragile/short, no one knows when their time will come6
4156000979The Second Coming by William Butler YeatsSUMMARY: Expressing the belief of the coming of another war or apocalypse following WWI. This apocalypse in the poem is referred to as The Second Coming, alluding to the book of revelation. THEME: apocalypse, transition7
4156000980In The Waiting Room By Elizabeth BishopSUMMARY: young Elizabeth is sitting in a waiting room reading the National Geographic when she has a major realization. She sees pictures that scares her and then she questions about her world and everyone around her. Overall she is afraid of growing up THEME: growing up and changes are scary, racism8
4156000981Those Winter Sundays By Robert HaydenSUMMARY: The father of the speaker would get up early every morning to warm the house for the family and clean his son's shoes for school. No one would ever thank him for his hard work throughout the week, so the father felt neglected. The speaker never showed any affection towards his father because of their distant relationship, leaving the son with sorrow and regret after realizing his father truly loves him. THEME: Love and sacrifice. The father's love is powerful which drives him to make sacrifices for his family.9
4156000982Do Not Go Gentle Into that Good Night By Dylan ThomasSUMMARY:The speaker's father is near death but the speaker begs him to not let death overcome him easily. There is still time to capture to light of life and the speaker wants his father to cherish this light. THEME: dark vs. light (death vs. life) , cherish your life, endurance, desperation10
4160369569Sunday Morning By Wallace StevensSUMMARY: A women daydreams about heaven while she misses church that morning. She questions her religion and the afterlife, all while finding comfort in nature. She wants to believe in only nature because that is freeing as it means her destiny is hers to decide, but she also likes having faith in a God because it means we are not alone in the world. THEME: Religion, paradise, nature, life and death, and the afterlife.11
4164760020Dover Beach by Matthew ArnoldSUMMARY: opens with a quiet scene. A couple looks out on the moonlit water of the English Channel, and listens to the sound of the waves. The sound of the waves makes the speaker think first of ancient Greece. Then he turns the sound of the surf into a metaphor for human history, and the gradual, steady loss of faith that his culture has experienced. The poem ends on a gorgeous, heartbreaking note, with the couple clinging to their love in a world of violence and fear and pain. THEME: spirituality, man and the natural world12
4164760021A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning by John DonneSUMMARY: The speaker begins with a weird metaphor of an old man dying. He says that the parting between him and his wife should be like the gentle death of an old man—you can't even tell when he's stopped breathing. Then he shifts gears and compares shallow love to earthquakes that make a big scene and cause a big fuss, but don't have tremendous lasting effects. On the contrary, his love is like the unnoticed, subtle movements of the stars and planets that control the fates of every person (well, according to popular belief). That super-handsy couple can't stand to be apart because their love is based solely on physical contact, but the love he has can stretch any distance because the pair share one soul. But he says that he and his wife are like a compass when drawing a circle. One foot of the compass (Donne) goes way out and travels around, while the other (his wife) stays planted at home and leans after it. But those two compass feet are part of one unit and will always end up back together. THEME: love, lust, loyalty13
4164760022The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. EliotSUMMARY: Prufrock seems to be addressing a potential lover, with whom he would like to "force the moment to its crisis" by somehow consummating their relationship. But Prufrock knows too much of life to "dare" an approach to the woman: In his mind he hears the comments others make about his inadequacies, and he chides himself for "presuming" emotional interaction could be possible at all. The poem moves from a series of fairly concrete (for Eliot) physical settings—a cityscape and several interiors—to a series of vague ocean images conveying Prufrock's emotional distance from the world as he comes to recognize his second-rate status ("I am not Prince Hamlet'). THEME: love, manipulation, appearances14
4164831546Mending Wall by Robert FrostSUMMARY: A stone wall separates the speaker's property from his neighbor's. In spring, the two meet to walk the wall and jointly make repairs. The speaker sees no reason for the wall to be kept—there are no cows to be contained, just apple and pine trees. He does not believe in walls for the sake of walls. The neighbor resorts to an old adage: "Good fences make good neighbors." The speaker remains unconvinced and mischievously presses the neighbor to look beyond the old-fashioned folly of such reasoning. His neighbor will not be swayed. The speaker envisions his neighbor as a holdover from a justifiably outmoded era, a living example of a dark-age mentality. But the neighbor simply repeats the adage. THEME: isolation, communication15
4164864854Let America be America Again by Langston HughesSUMMARY: Someone who feels that America does not live up to what it should be. The tone is angry and resentful. In this poem it's not representing the point of view of one particular group. It's saying that there are many people who've come here with hopes and dreams and they're being let down. He's also saying that there is an economic disparity (difference) between people. In essence the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer, because there is not equal opportunity. That idea is something that is not real for many people because of their race, economic situation, and come up. THEME: The American Dream, inequality16
4164894454Ode on a Grecian Urn by John KeatsSUMMARY: In this ode, Keats studies a marble Greek urn and contemplates the story, history and secrets that lie behind its carved pictures. Throughout the poem, he constantly juxtaposes the immortality of art with the mortality of man. His feelings seem confused, as he is torn between jealousy and bitterness that the urn will live forever and be remembered when he is long dead and forgotten, and pity for this inanimate object that has no experience of life, despite its endurance through the ages. THEME: transience, innocence17
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AP world history periodization Flashcards

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6932951216French RevolutionPeriod 50
6932951217Han chinaPeriod 21
6932951218Zheng he's explorationPeriod 32
6932951219Mongols collapsePeriod 33
6932951220World warsPeriod 64
6932951221Slavery ends in western worldPeriod 55
6932951222River valley civs emergePeriod 1&26
6932951223Neolithic revolutionPeriod 17
6932951224Islam emergesPeriod 38
6932951225Hinduism and Buddhism emergePeriod 1&29
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AP Literature Vocab Words Flashcards

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2836649822alliterationthe repetition of accented consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to each other, usually to create an effect, rhythm, or emphasis0
2836651897allusiona reference in literature or in art to previous literature, history, mythology, pop culture/current events, or the Bible1
2836654460ambiguityquality of being intentionally unclear. Events or situations that are ambiguous can be interpreted in more than one way. This device is especially beneficial in poetry, as it tends to grace the work with the richness and depth of multiple meanings2
2836661563anachronisman element in a story that is out of its time frame; sometimes used to create a humorous or jarring effect. Beware: This can also occur because of careless or poor research on the author's part3
2836676604analogyclarifies or explains an unfamiliar concept or object, or one that cannot be put into words, by comparing it with one which is familiar. By explaining the abstract in terms of the concrete, it may force the reader to think more critically about a concept4
2836679793analysisthe process of examining the components of a literary work5
2836685820anapestthe poetic foot (measure) that follows the pattern unaccented, unaccented, accented. This poet is usually trying to convey a rollicking, moving rhythm with this pattern6
2836689311anaphoraA rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences.7
2836691026anecdotea short and often personal story used to emphasize a point, to develop a character or a theme, or to inject humor8
2836697102antagonista character who functions as a revisiting force to the goals of the protagonist. The antagonist is often a villain, but in a case where the protagonist is evil, the antagonist may be virtuous9
2836702396antecedentthe word or phrase to which a pronoun refers10
2836703416anticlimaxan often disappointing, sudden end to an intense situation11
2836706786antiheroa protagonist who carries the action of the literary piece but does not embody the classic characteristics of courage, strength, and nobility12
2836709175antithesisa concept that is directly opposed to a previously presented idea13
2836710187aphorisma terse statement that expresses a general truth or moral principle; sometimes considered a folk proverb14
2836713741apostrophea rhetorical (not expecting an answer) figure of direct address to a person, object, or abstract entity15
2836715425apotheosiselevating someone to the level of a god16
2836716452archetypea character, situation, or symbol that is familiar to people from all cultures because it occurs frequently in literature, myth, religion, or folklore17
2836719872asidea short speech or remark made by an actor to the audience rather than to the other characters, who do not hear him or her.18
2836721779assonancethe repeated use of a vowel sound19
2836723669attitudethe author's feelings toward the topic he or she is writing about20
2836725710aubadea poem or song about lovers who must leave one another in the early hours of the morning21
2836727816ballada folk song or poem passed down orally that tells a story which may be derived from an actual incident or from legend or folklore. Usually composed in four-line stanzas with the rhyme scheme abcb. Ballads often contain a refrain22
2836729623blank verseunrhymed poetry of iambic pentameter (five feet of two syllables each- unstressed and stressed); favored technique of Shakespeare23
2836742163cacophonyharsh, discordant sounds, unpleasant to the ear; the sound of nails scratching a blackboard. used by poets for effect24
2836745754carpe diemlatin for "seize the day"; frequent in the 16th- and 17th- century court poetry.25
2836748256catharsisrefers to an emotional cleansing or feeling of relief26
2836750739chiasmusthe opposite of parallel construction; inverting the second of two phrases that would otherwise be in parallel form27
2836752307colloquialof or relating to slang or regional dialect, used in familiar everyday conservation. in writing, an informal style that reflects the way people spoke in a distinct time and/or place28
2844675339comic reliefhumor that provides a release of tension and breaks up a more serious episode29
2844675340conceita far-fetched comparison between two seemingly unlike things; an extended metaphor that gains appeal from its unusual or extraordinary comparison30
2844675341connotationassociations a word calls to mind. House and home have the same denotation, or dictionary meaning- a place to live.31
2844676215consonancesame consonant sound in words with different vowel sounds32
2844676216conventional charactera character with traits that are expected or traditional. heroes are expected to be strong, adventurous and unafraid.33
2844676667couplettwo successive rhyming lines of the same number of syllables, with matching cadence34
2844694855dactylfoot of poetry with three syllables, one stressed and two short or unstressed.35
2844694856denotationthe dictionary or literal meaning of a word or phase36
2844695745denouementthe outcome or clarification at the end of a story or play; the winding down from climax to ending37
2844705907deus ex machinaliterally, when the gods intervene at a story's end to resolve a seemingly impossible conflict. refers to an unlikely or improbable coincidence; a cop-out ending38
2844705908dictionthe deliberate choice of a style of language for a desired effect or tone. words chosen to achieve a particular effect that is formal, informal, or colloquial.39
2844729180didacticauthor's primary purpose is to instruct, teach or moralize40
2844729181distortionan exaggeration or stretching of the truth to achieve a desired effect41
2844729182enjambmentthe running over of a sentence from one verse or stanza into the next without stopping at the end of the first42
2844729197epigrama short, clever poem with a witty turn of thought43
2844729847epigrapha brief quotation found at the beginning of a literary work, reflective of theme44
2844730759epiphanya sudden flash of insight. Eureka! A startling discovery and/or appearance; a dramatic realization45
2844740865epistolary novela novel in letter form written by one or more of the characters. The novelist can use this technique to present varying first-person points of view and does not need a narrator46
2844740866essaya short composition on a single topic expressing the view or interpretation of the writer on that topic.47
2844740867euphemismsubstitution of an inoffensive word or phrase for another that would be harsh, offensive, or embarrassing. Makes something sound better than it is but is usually more wordy than the original48
2844741486euphonythe quality of a pleasant or harmonious sound of a word or group of words as an intended effect. often achieved through long vowels and some consonants, such as "sh"49
2844741487farcea kind of comedy that depends on exaggerated or improbable situations, physical disasters, and sexual innuendo to amuse the audience. Many situation comedies on television today are examples50
2844741488figurative languageunlike literal expression, it uses figures of speech such as metaphor, simile, metonymy, personification, and hyperbole. Figurative language appeals to one's senses.51
2844741489first persona character in the story tells the story, using the pronoun I. This is a limited point of view since the narrator can relate only events that he or she sees or is told about.52
2844802645flashbackinterruption of a narrative by the introduction of an earlier event or by an image of a past experience53
2844802646flat charactera simple, one-dimensional character who remains the same, and about whom little or nothing is revealed throughout the course of the work. May serve as symbols of types of people, similar to stereotypical characters54
2844802647foila character whose contrasting personal characteristics draw attention to, enhance, or contrast with those of the main character. A character who, by displacing opposite traits, emphasizes certain aspects of another character55
2844804086foreshadowinghints at what is to come. it is sometimes noticeable only in hindsight, but usually it is obvious enough to set the reader wondering56
2844804569free versepoetry that does not have regular rhythm or rhyme57
2844804570genrethe category into which a piece of writing can be classified- poetry, prose, drama. each has its own conventions and standards58
2844806216heroic coupletin poetry, a rhymed couplet written in iambic pentameter (five feet, each with one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable)59
2844806217hubrisinsolence, arrogance, or pride. In Greek tragedy, the protagonist's _ is usually the tragic flaw that leads to his or her downfall.60
2844806218hyperbolean extreme exaggeration for literary effect that is not meant to be interpreted literally61
2844807293iambic pentametera five-foot line made up of an unaccented followed by an accented syllable. It is the most common metric foot in English-language poetry62
2844807294imageryanything that affects or appeals to the reader's senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell.63
2844808100in medias resin literature, a work that begins in the middle of the story64
2848895914interior monologuea literary technique used in poetry and prose that reveals a character's unspoken thoughts and feelings. may be presented directly by the character, or through a marrator65
2848895915internal rhymea rhyme that is within the line, rather than at the end. the rhyming may also be within two lines, but again, each rhyming word will be within its line, rather than at the beginning or end66
2848895916inversiona switch in the normal word order, often used for emphasis or for rhyming scheme67
2848898748Italian (Petrarchan) sonnetfourteen-line poem divided into two parts: the first is eight lines (abbaabba) and the second is six (cdcdcd or cdecde)68
2848898749litotesaffirmation of an idea by using a negative understatement. the opposite of hyperbole69
2848900657lyric poema fairly short, emotionally expressive poem that expresses the feelings and observations of a single speaker70
2848901623metamorphosisa radical change in a character, either physical or emotional71
2848901624metaphora figure of speech which compares two dissimilar things, asserting that one thing is another thing, not just that one is like another.72
2848902968meterthe rhythmical pattern of a poem. just as all words are pronounced with accented (or stressed) syllables and unaccented (or unstressed) syllables, lines of poetry are assigned similar rhythms.73
2848902969metonymya figure of speech that replaces the name of something with a word or phrase closely associated with it74
2848925657mytha story, usually with supernatural significance, that explains the origins of gods, heroes, or natural phenomena. although they are fictional stories, they contain deeper truths, particularly about the nature of humankind75
2848927182narrative poema poem that tells a story76
2848927262near, off, or slant rhymea rhyme based on an imperfect or incomplete correspondence of end syllable sounds77
2848928611onomatopoeiawords that imitate sounds78
2848928612oxymorona figure of speech that combines two contradictory words, placed side by side: bitter sweet, wise fool, living death79
2848928613parablea short story illustrating a moral or religious lesson80
2848928614paradoxa statement or situation that at first seems impossible or oxymoronic, but which solves itself and reveals meaning81
2848929671parallelismthe repeated use of the same grammatical structure in a sentence or a series of sentences. this device tends to emphasize what is said and thus underscores the meaning. can also refer to two or more stories within a literary work that are told simultaneously and that reinforce one another82
2848929672parodya comical imitation of a serious piece with the intent of ridiculing the author or his work83
2848929673pastorala poem, play, or story that celebrates and idealizes the simple life of shepherds or shepherdesses. this highly conventional form was popular until the late 18th century. this term has also come to refer to an artistic work that portrays rural life in an idyllic or idealistic way84
2848929674pathosthe quality of a literary work or passage which appeals to the reader's or viewer's emotions- especially pity, compassion, and sympathy. Is different from the pity one feels for a tragic hero in that the pathetic figure seems to suffer through no fault of his or her own85
2848929715periodic sentencea sentence that delivers its point at the end; usually constructed as a subordinate clause followed by a main cause86
2848931064personificationthe attribution of a human characteristics to an animal or to an inanimate object87
2848966252point of viewperspective of the speaker or narrator in a literary work88
2848966253protagonistthe main or principal character in a work; often considered the hero or heroine89
2848967124punhumorous play on words that have several meanings or words that sound the same but have different meanings90
2848967125quatrainfour-line stanza91
2848967126refrainrepetition of a line, stanza, or phrase92
2848967141repetitiona word or phrase used more than once to emphasize an idea93
2848968499rhetorical questiona question with an obvious answer, so no response is expected; used for emphasis or to make a point94
2848968500satirethe use of humor to ridicule and expose the shortcomings and failings of society, individuals, and institutions, often in the hope that change and reform are possible95
2848968501sesteta six-line stanza of poetry; also, the last six lines of a sonnet96
2848969788shiftin writing, a movement from one thought or idea to another; a change97
2848969789similea comparison of unlike things using the word like, as, or so98
2848969790soliloquya character's speech to the audience, in which emotions and ideas are revealed. a monologue is one only if the character is alone on the stage99
2848971362sonnet, English or Shakespeareantraditionally, a fourteen-line love poem in iambic pentameter, but in contemporary poetry, themes and form vary.100
2849036853stanzaa grouping of poetic lines; a deliberate arrangement of lines of poetry101
2849036854stock charactera stereotypical character; a type. the audience expects the character to have certain characteristics. similar to conventional character and flat character102
2849036855steam of consciousnessa form of writing which replicates the way the human mind works. ideas are presented in random order; thoughts are often unfinished103
2849037806structurethe particular way in which parts of a written work are combined104
2849037807stylethe way a writer uses language. takes into account word choice, diction, figures of speech, and so on. the writer's "voice"105
2849037808symbola concrete object, scene, or action which has deeper significance because it is associated with something else, often an important idea or theme in the work106
2849037809synechdochea figure of speech where one part represents the entire object, or vice versa107
2849039543syntaxthe way in which words, phrases, and sentences are ordered and connected108
2849039544themethe central idea of a literary work109
2849039545tonerefers to the author's attitude toward the subject, and often sets the mood of the piece110
2849039546tongue in cheekexpressing a thought in a way that appears to be sincere, but is actually joking111
2849170950tragic flawtraditionally, a defect in a hero or heroine that leads to his or her downfall112
2849172017transition/seguethe means to get from one portion of a poem or story to another; for instance, to another setting, to another character's viewpoint, to a later or earlier time period. it is a way of smoothly connecting different parts of a work.113
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AP Language Vocab Flashcards

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4759407645AudienceThe listener, viewer, or reader of a text.0
4759407646ContextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.1
4759407647OccasionThe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written.2
4759407648PersonaGreek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.3
4759407649PurposeThe goal the speaker wants to achieve.4
4759407650Rhetoric"The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." In other words, it is the art of finding ways of persuading an audience.5
4759407651Rhetorical triangleA diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.6
4759407652SOAPSA mnemonic device that stands for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker. It is a handy way to remember the various elements that make up the rhetorical situation.7
4759407653SpeakerThe person or group who creates a text.8
4759407654SubjectThe topic of a text. What the text is about.9
4759407655TextsWhile this term generally means the written word, in the humanities it has come to mean any cultural product that can be "read"— meaning not just consumed and comprehended, but investigated. This includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, political cartoons, fine art, photography, performances, fashion, cultural trends, and much more.10
4812012547LogosGreek for "embodied thought." Speakers use this technique by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.11
4812012548CounterargumentAn opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward.12
4812012549ConcessionAn acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.13
4812012550RefutationA denial of the validity of an opposing argument.14
4812012551PathosGreek for "suffering" or "experience." this technique plays on the audience's values, desires, and hopes or fears and prejudice.15
4812012552PropagandisticThe spread of ideas and information to further a cause. In its negative sense, it's used for rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause.16
4812012553PolemicalGreek for "hostile." An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all the others.17
4812012554ConnotationMeaning or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation.18
4812012555Rhetorical appealsTechniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling19
4812012556EthosGreek for "character." Speakers appeal to this to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. This is established by who you are and what you say.20
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Poetry Vocabulary - AP Literature Flashcards

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5880771004Allegory (EXTRA TERM)A prose or poetic narrative in which the characters behavior, and even the setting demonstrates multiple levels of meaning and significance. It's a story with multiple levels of meaning. Ex: Animal story, there is more going on0
5880872125Anachronism (EXTRA TERM)The misplacement of a a person occurance, custom, or idea in time1
5880740831Attitude (EXTRA TERM)Sense expressed by the tone of voice and/or mood of a piece of writing2
5880746087Catharsis (EXTRA TERM)A cleansing or purification of one's emotions through art Ex: Taylor swift ._.3
5880755070Conceit (EXTRA TERM)A comparison of two unlikely things that is drawn out within Ex: I hate that I went there, but I'm glad4
5880760865Consonance (EXTRA TERM)The repetition of a sequence of two or more constants5
5955012082SestetSix lines in a stanza6
5955304746QuatrainStanza consisting of four lines7
5955305876StanzaA group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse8
5955309821Dramatic MonologueA monologue set in a specific situation and spoken to an imaginary audience9
5955314487ArchetypeA recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology10
5955319839Parallel StructureWords or phrases to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance11
5880717299Asyndetona style in which conjunctions are ommitted, usually producing a fast-paced , more rapid prose Ex: He came; he saw; he conquered12
5955338104SymbolismA person, place, thing, event, or pattern in a literary work that designates itself & at the same time figuratively represents or "stands for."13
5955358695VillanelleNineteen lines divided into six stanzas, five tercets, and one quatrain. The first / third lines rhyme for tercets, whilst the last two lines of the quatrain have to rhyme.14
5955366822Shakespearean SonnetKnown as the "English" sonnet. A form that divides the poem into 3 units of four lines each & a final unit of two lines, usually " A B A B / E D E D / E F E F / G G "15
5955385517StyleA distinctive style of expression; each other's style is expressed through his/her diction, rhythm, imagery, & so on. A writer's typical way of writing.16
5880759541ConnotationWhat is suggested by a word, apart from what it explicitly means17
5955613973ToneThe poet's attitude toward the poem's speaker, reader, and subject matter, as interpreted by the reader - "mood"18
5955615738SyntaxThe way words are put together to form phrases, clauses, & sentences. It is sentence structure & how it influences the way the read er receives a particular piece of writing.19
5955620253AntithesisThe juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel phrases, grammatical structure, or ideas.20
5880741006BalladNarrative poem. Originally meant to be song. Repetition & refrain characterize the ballad21
5955639512ConsonenceThe recurrence of similar sounds, especially consonants, in close proximity22
5955642483SynedocheWhen a part is used to signify a whole Ex) I left my heart in San Fransisco23
5955660899ParodyImitation of the style of another work, writer or genre24
5955661512OnomonopeiaWords that associate with the sound being made.25
5955662405MoodA feeling or ambiance, resulting from the tone of a piece as well as the writer/narrator's attitude & point of view26
5955665175MetaphoreFigure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable27
5955666791In Media ResLatin for "into the middle of things." It usually describes a narrative that begins, not at the beginning of a story, but somewhere in the middle28
5955667221HyperboleExaggeration of statements not meant to be taken seriously29
5955668477FarceA play or scene in a play or book that is characterized by broad humor, wild antics, & often slapstick & physical humor Ex - Jim Carey30
5880766344CoupletTwo rhyming lines of Iambic pentameter that together present a single idea or connection31
5880749637ChiasmusFigure of speech which order of the terms in the first clauses is reversed in the second Ex: Pleasure's a sin, and sometimes sin's a pleasure32
5955675874ApostropheA figure of speech in which the poet addresses an absent person, an abstract idea, or a thing33
5880868332AlliterationSequential repetition of a similar initial sound. Does not have to be directly next to each other. (Same line)34
5955677349MotifA recurrent idea, formula, or situation that often serves as a signal for the appearance of a character or event35
5955680353AnaphoraThe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses36
5955680981DialectUse of language that distinguishes the voice of someone from a unique culture, financial status or social class from others37
5955682692PastoralLiterary work dealing with shepherds, farm life, and rustic life38
5955684156MetonymyA type of metaphor in which an object is used to describe something that's closely related to it. Ex) when you're talking about the power of a king, you might say "the crown," instead39
5955686402ParadoxIs a statement that, despite apparently sound reasoning from true premises, leads to a self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion40
5955686856Terza RimaAn arrangement of triplets, especially in iambs, that rhyme aba bcb cdc, etc., as in Dante's Divine Comedy.41
5955687816SatireThe use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues42
5955688571RefrainRefrain is a verse or phrase that is repeated at intervals throughout a song or poem43
5955689698OdeLyric poem that is serious in subject and treatment44
5955690138SoliloquyAn act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play45
5955690468Free VerseA literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms46
5955695567PersonificationThe attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form47
5955695966DictionPoetic diction is the term used to refer to the linguistic style, the vocabulary, and the metaphors used in the writing of poetry48
5955697179ColloquialIn literature, colloquialism is the use of informal words, phrases or even slang in a piece of writing49
5955697782OctaveA stanza pertaining of eight (8) lines50
5955698637EnjambmentThe continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza51
5955698907PersonaA persona, from the Latin for mask, is a character taken on by a poet to speak in a first-person poem52
5955699230JuxtapositionTo place two (objects) side by side and compare - a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts53
5955701182ThemeThe subject or idea of the poem - Generalized, abstract, paraphrase of idea54
5955702078LyricOriginally designed poems meant to be sung, expresses intense personal emotion rather than describing a narrative or dramatic situation // often short55
5955705284ElegyA sad poem, usually written to praise and express sorrow for someone who is dead56
5955705752CinquainA (5) five-line stanza57
5955707759SimilieReally...? A comparison using "like" or "as."58
5955708171DenotationThe literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests59
5955708627IronyIs a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words60
5955709221OxymoronIs a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect61
5955710088Assonancerepetition of the sound of a vowels in non-rhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible ( ie. - penitence, reticence)62
5955711819TragedyA poem usually having a person of high (noble) status meeting a downfall, usually learning a lesson63
5955715729ImageryUsing figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses64
5955716985Petrarchan SonnetOne stanza of 8 lines, second stanza of 6 lines Usually - A B B A A B B A / C D C D C D65
5955719292Stock CharacterA character used in many works of art over again66
5880871239Allusionreference to literary or historical event, person, place67
5880744475CaesuraA pause in a line of verse, indicated by natural speech patterns rather than due to specific metrical patterns68
5955721228LitoteDerived from a Greek word meaning "simple", is a figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions i.e "William Shakespeare was not a bad playwright at all"69
5958880875EpicPoetry usually about a hero70
5958885278Formal DictionUse of language that creates and elevated tone71
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AP Literature Vocabulary 1-60 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6266808641clandestinecarried out in a secretive manner0
6266808642doggerelcrudely or loosely styled writing for comic effect1
6266808643enjambmentrunning one sentence from one line of poetry to the next line2
6266808644epocha distinct period of history marked by memorable events3
6266808645farcicalridiculously or absurdly comedic4
6266808646fecundfertile (literally) or intellectually productive (figuratively)5
6266808647loquaciousvery talkative6
6266808648lugubriousextremely sad or gloomy7
6266808649pedanticoverly focused on or knowledgeable about narrow and trivial matters8
6266808650peremptorycutting off debate; admitting of no contradiction9
6266808651paramountof greatest importance10
6266808652pallidpale; sickly11
6266808653puissantpowerful; strong12
6266808654anachronismsomething that is represented in as existing in a period of history in which it didn't actually exist; out of place in time; outdated13
6266808655garishoverly decorated or showy; very gaudy14
6266808656virtuosoa person with great skill in one of the fine arts, especially music15
6266808657dirgea slow, sad song or poem that expresses grief, especially for the dead; a funeral hymn16
6266808658superfluousunnecessary or excessive17
6266808659extenuateto attempt to lessen the seriousness of an offense by giving an excuse18
6266808660perniciouscausing great injury, destruction, or ruin19
6266808661sagaciouswise20
6266808662requiema funeral Mass in the Catholic church or any hymn or dirge composed for the dead (often used metaphorically)21
6266808663vivifyto bring to life, sharpen, quicken22
6266808664nihilism1. the total rejection of laws or established institutions, 2. self-destructiveness 3. the philosophical denial of any real existence or the possibility of any objective truth23
6266808665deignto view some action as fitting or in accordance with one's dignity; to condescend24
6266808666confabulatepsychological definition - to fill gaps in one's memory with made up information; can also mean to chat25
6266808667auspiciouspromising success; favorable; a good omen26
6266808668guilecrafty or artful deceitfulness; trickery27
6266808669insidiousseemingly harmless, but actually dangerous; intended to entrap or beguile28
6266808670cloisteredsecluded from the world; sheltered, closed in29
6266808671cacophonyharsh, jarring sound; dissonance30
6266808672chiasmusthe inversion of the second of two parallel phrases, clauses, etc. ("I sailed to Greenland, and then to Europe I flew.")31
6266808673dolorousvery sorrowful or sad; mournful; [Archaic] painful32
6266808674indefatigablecannot be tired out; not yielding to fatigue; untiring33
6266808675laconicbrief or terse in speech; using few words34
6266808676languiddrooping or weak; without interest, indifferent; sluggish, slow35
6266808677laureatea person on whom honor or distinction is conferred36
6266808678mitigateto make less severe or less painful; to moderate37
6266808679obstinatevery stubborn; unreasonably determined to have one's own way; not yielding to reason38
6266808680ravishto seize and carry away forcibly; to rape; [figuratively] to transport with joy or delight; enrapture39
6266808681ardentzealous, passionate; intensely devoted (or even fiercely devoted)40
6266808682apotheosisthe elevation of a person to the status of a god (usually used figuratively); OR an exalted example or ideal, a quintessential example of something41
6266808683attritiona reduction or decrease in number or size (often gradual); a wearing down or weakening of resistance due to pressure or harassment42
6266808684diffidentlacking confidence in oneself; timid, shy, reserved43
6266808685epithet(positive) a word or phrase added to a person's name to describe some attribute of that person ("Ivan the terrible," "Catherine the Great"); (negative) a term of abuse, contempt, or hostility (e.g. racial slurs)44
6266808686iconoclast(literally) a person who destroys objects of worship (icons); most often used now to describe someone who attacks or seeks to overthrow cherished traditions, popular beliefs, or traditional institutions45
6266808687lassitudeweariness of body or mind due to stress; listlessness, languor, lack of energy46
6266808688panegyrica lofty oration or writing in praise of a person or thing; also called a eulogy or encomium47
6266808689zeniththe highest point or state of something; the culmination; (scientific) the highest visible point in the sky directly above the observer48
6266808690convalescencethe period of recovery after an illness49
6266808691ardorenthusiasm or passion50
6266808692coyshy, modest; sometimes can have the connotation of also being flirtatious (i.e. "playing hard to get")51
6266808693capriciouscharacterized by sudden, inexplicable changes without evident reason; whimsical, arbitrary52
6266808694admonitiona cautionary warning or advice; a gentle reproof intended to prevent future mistakes53
6266808695discursive1. passing aimlessly from one subject to another; wordy and prone to digression 2. proceeding through reasoning rather than through intuition54
6266808696discriminatingable to detect subtle differences; having refined tastes; (negative) inappropriately or unfairly treating two people differently55
6266808697hackneyedcliche, commonplace, banal, overused (more literally "threadbare" or "worn")56
6266808698despondencya feeling of depression and hopelessness57
6266808699superciliousarrogant, condescending, patronizing58
6266808700denigrateto belittle, demean, or insult59
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AP Literature and Composition: E-H Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5145350436eccentric(adj.) unconventional0
5145350437elaboration(n.) additional detail1
5145350438engender(v.) to cause or produce2
5145350439enigmatic(adj.) mysterious; puzzling3
5145350440ephemeral(adj.) fleeting4
5145350441equivocal(adj.) ambiguous5
5145350442erroneous(adj.) mistaken; wrong6
5145350443exacerbate(v.) to make worse7
5145350444expedient(adj.) practical (usually unethical)8
5145350445expedite(v.) to hasten9
5145350446extol(v.) to praise10
5145350447extraneous(adj.) unessential11
5145350448extricate(v.) to free12
5145350449exuberance(n.) abundance13
5145350450facilitate(v.) to make easier14
5145350451fallacious(adj.) misleading15
5145350452fastidious(adj.) not easy to please16
5145350453fickle(adj.) changeable17
5145350454flagrant(adj.) obviously bad18
5145350455frivolity(n.) lack of seriousness19
5145350456furtive(adj.) stealthy20
5145350457gravity(n.) seriousness21
5145350458grudging(adj.) unwillingness22
5145350459guile(n.) deceptive23
5145350460gullible(adj.) easily fooled24
5145350461haphazard(adj./adv.) random25
5145350462haughtiness(n.) arrogance26
5145350463hindrance(n.) obstacle27
5145350464hypocritical(adj.) acting against beliefs28
5145350465hypothetical(adj.) educated guess29
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AP World History: Chapter 25 Flashcards

Study Guide for AP World History

Terms : Hide Images
3422727479Thomas Peters wascentral in promoting the establishment of a colony for ex-slaves in Sierra Leone0
3422746053The Black Pioneers wereescaped slaves who fought to maintain British rule in the North American colonies1
3422751181The rise in maritime trade in the early modern era in Africaresulted in regional kingdoms replacing the imperial states of west Africa.2
3422768625The most popular important city in the Songhay empire wasGao3
3422774533The most influential ruler in the rise of the Songhay empire wasSunni Ali4
3422779659Sunni Ali built a powerful imperial navy to patrol theNiger River5
3422779660All Songhay emperors wereMuslims6
3422782960The Songhay empire fell in 1591 toa Moroccan army7
3422784901In 1505 all the Swahili city states were subdued by thePortuguese8
3422790921The ruler of the kingdom of Kongo, Afonso I, converted to what religion and encouraged his subjects to convert as well?Christianity9
3422794300King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo is best known for hisconversion to Catholicism10
3422797348An alliance with Portugal brought wealth and foreign recognition to Kongo, as well asdestruction of the kingdom11
3422802006The Portuguese referred to Ndongo as Angola because of the word ngolam which meantking12
3422804991The chief obstacle to the Portuguese control of Angola came fromQueen Nzinga13
3422807860The first European colony in sub-Saharan Africa wasAngola14
3422811808In an effort to drive the Portuguese out of Ndongo, Queen Nzinga formed an alliance withDutch15
3422820057What was the massive fortified city in southern Africa that dominated the gold trade in its region of the continent until the late 15th cent?Great Zimbabwe16
3422822978A trading post was built at Cape Town in 1652 by theDutch17
3422827372When the Dutch founded Cape Town they encountered which of these indigenous groups?Khoikhoi18
3422829447The center of Islamic learning in west AFrica wasTimbuktu19
3422831397Islam was most popular in subharan Africa inthe commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city states20
3422836391Islam and Christianity usually spread into sub-Saharan Africaas syncretic versions of the origial21
3422836392The Fulaniattempted, through military conquest, to instill a strict form of Islam in Africa22
3422841040Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of the Fulani?stamp out African religions or eliminate indigenous elements from the syncretic Islam of west Africa23
3422845701The founder of the religion that stressed Jesus Christ had been a black man and that Kongo was the true holy land wasDona Beatriz24
3422849808During the early modern period in Africa, the basis of social organization continued to bekinship groups25
3422855375The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the 16th century wasmanioc26
3422857888By 1800, the population of sub-Saharan Africa stood at60 million27
3422860995Throughout most of history, the majority of slaves came fromwar captives28
3422860996One of the factors that made African Slavery different from the varieties practiced elsewhere was thatAfrican law did not recognize private property, and thus slavery served as a measure of personal wealth29
3422874655The arrival of Europeansdramatically increased the number of Africans sold into slavery30
3422876424The first European slave traders were thePortuguese31
3422878696As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return forfirearms32
3422884243Over the course of the entire period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the middle passage was25%33
3422885967The heaviest slave trading took place in (time)18th century34
3422888006How many Africans were forcefully brought to the Americas as part of the trans-Atlantic slave trade12 million35
3422889780The vast majority of slavesprovided agricultural labor on plantations36
3422891327The only place where a slave revolt actually brought about an end to slavery wasSaint Domingue37
3422891328Which of the following was not a syncretic religion tied to Africans in the AmericasVodou38
3422895684The first European nation to abolish the slave trade wasDenmark39
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AP language Flashcards

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3641702905Liot0
3641702906Understament1
3641702907EuphonyQuality of being pleasing to the ear2
3641702908CaciphonyHarsh discord of sounds3
3641702909InvectiveVerbal attack4
3641747226JuxtapositionPutting two things next to each other to contradict or contrast each other5
3641747227MotifReoccurring object or signal with meaning6
3641747228ParadoxTwo true statements that are contradictory when put together7
3650727748IronyContrast between bad things and what you would expect8
3650727749ParodyImitation with exaggeration9
3650727750SatyrUsing humor or irony to point out vices or stupidity10
3664854335AssonanceThe repetition of a vowel sound11
3664854336ConsonanceA series of words or phrases starting with the same condiments12
3664854337AnadiplosisRepetition of the same word or phrase to end one clause and then again to begin the next "When you play, you play hard"13
3664891681AntecedentThe word phrase or clause followed by a referring pronoun14
3664891682SyllogismIf a equals B and B equals c then a equals c15
3664891683Pedantic ????Obsessed with being literal in their time or meaning16
3664922591ClicheAn overused statement17
3664922592Colloquialism ???A form of slang that shouldn't be used for formal situations18
3664922593VernacularUsing a native language or a person or place19
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AP Language Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5683230726AnaphoraA rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences.0
5683230727MetonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it1
5683230728AntithesisDirect opposite2
5683230729RhetoricFrom the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.3
5683230731AllegoryA story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself.4
5683230732AllusionA reference to another work of literature, person, or event5
5683230733AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.6
5683230734EuphemismA mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing7
5683230735Colloquial LanguageSlang or common language that is informal8
5683230736DictionAn author's choice of words9
5683230737EthosAppeal to values, credibility10
5683230738PathosAppeal to emotion11
5683230739LogosAppeal to logic and reasoning12
5683230741ForeshadowingA hint of things to come13
5683230742HyperboleAn exaggeration14
5683230743JuxtapositionWhen two contrasting things are placed next to each other for comparison15
5683230744MetonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it16
5683230745OxymoronTwo contradictory words in one expression17
5683230746ParallelismA literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structures18
5683230747ParadoxA seeming contradiction that in fact reveals some truth19
5683230748PersonaThe character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text20
5683230749RepetitionThe reiteration of a word or phrase for emphasis21
5683230751Rhetorical DevicesThe specific language tools that an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy (diction, imagery, or syntax).22
5683230752Rhetorical StrategyThe way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose23
5683230753Rhetorical QuestionA question that is asked for the sake of argument24
5683230754SatireTo ridicule or mock ideas, persons, events, or doctrines25
5683230755SyntaxArrangement of words in a sentence.26
5683230756ThemeCentral idea; not limited to one text (should be universal).27
5683230757ToneAuthor/speaker's attitude28
5683230758UnderstatementWhen an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves29
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