The Gilded Age: Immigration and Industrialization Flashcards
Western Settlement: Indian policies, growth of railroads, farm issues, cattle industry boom, settlement
of Great Plains, Klondike Gold Rush, assimilation, Transcontinental RR, Homestead Act, closing of the
frontier
Terms : Hide Images
| 1627500808 | laissez-faire | Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy. |  | 0 |
| 1627500809 | capitalism | (aka free enterprise) an economic system in which individuals own and operate the majority of businesses that provide goods and services. Competition, supply, and demand determine which goods and services are produced, how they are produced, and how they are distributed. (US, Canada, Japan, and Australia) |  | 1 |
| 1627500810 | socialism | A political ideology based on strong support for economic and social equality. Socialists traditionally envisioned a society in which major businesses were taken over by the government or by employee cooperatives. |  | 2 |
| 1627500811 | horizontal integration | A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or consolidating with one's competitors to create a monopoly. (Buying out the Competition). | 3 | |
| 1627510257 | vertical integration | It was pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production. |  | 4 |
| 1627510258 | John Rockefeller | 1870 founder of Standard Oil Company; at one time his companies controlled 85-90 percent of refined oil in America. Standard Oil became the model for monopolizing an industry and creating a trust. |  | 5 |
| 1627510259 | Andrew Carnagie | A tycoon who came to dominate the burgeoning steel industry. His company, later named United States Steel, was the biggest corporation in United States history in 1901. After he retired, he donated most of his fortune to public libraries, universities, arts organizations, and other charitable causes. |  | 6 |
| 1627544222 | Union | An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages. |  | 7 |
| 1627544223 | monopoly | A company that controls all production and sales of a particular product or service. |  | 8 |
| 1627544224 | The Gilded Age | 1877-1900; rapid industrialization, urbanization, immigration; rise of big business and the labor movement; the Populist movement. |  | 9 |
| 1627544225 | settlement houses | Community service centers established by reformers to confront the problem of urban poverty. |  | 10 |
| 1627544226 | Jane Addams | 1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom., the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes |  | 11 |
| 1627544227 | Jacob Riis | (1849-1914) Newspaper reporter, reformer, and photographer; his book, "How the Other Half Lives," shocked Americans with its descriptions of slum conditions and led to tenement housing legislation in New York. |  | 12 |
| 1627544229 | Social Darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion and laissez-faire economics. |  | 13 |
| 1627544230 | Bessemer Steel Process | the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The process is named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1855. |  | 14 |
| 1627564722 | Ellis Island | A small government owned island in New York that was the examination center for immigrants seeking to enter the U.S. (1892-1943) |  | 15 |
| 1627564723 | Angel Island | An island in the San Francisco bay that was an entry point for many Asian immigrants to the United States beginning in 1910. |  | 16 |
| 1627564727 | Karl Marx | (1818-1883) Scientific socialist who coauthored "The Communist Manifesto". Believed that the history of class conflict is best understood through the dialectal process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. Contended that a class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat would lead "to the dictatorship of the proletariat" which in turn would be a transitional phase leading to a classless society. |  | 17 |
| 1627564728 | Adam Smith | 1723-1790. Pioneering economic theorist. Father of economics. Explained how rational self-interest and competition, operating in a social framework which ultimately depends on adherence to moral obligations, can lead to economic well-being and prosperity. |  | 18 |
| 1627564729 | ward boss | at election time, worked to secure the vote in all the precincts in the ward, or electoral district. Helped the poor and gained their votes by doing favors or providing services. |  | 19 |
| 1627564730 | political machine | An informal political group that was designed to gain and keep power. It came about partly because cities had grown much faster than their governments. However these groups were often very corrupt. |  | 20 |
| 1627564731 | Tammany Hall | A political machine headed by William Marcy Tweed. It used graft, bribery, and rigged elections to bilk the city of over $200 million. Some of this money went to create public jobs that helped people and the local economy. Some went into constructing public buildings at hugely inflated expense. Contractors and suppliers, and anyone else doing business in the city, had to give kickbacks to the bosses in order to stay in business. Many machine bosses, including Boss Tweed, amassed fortunes as a result of kickbacks and bribes. In 1871, the New York Times published sufficient evidence of misuse of public funds to eventually convict Boss Tweed. |  | 21 |
| 1763097845 | populism | 1880's political movement favoring nationalizing banks and railroads to protect farms and rural towns from the private power and corruption of big corporations. |  | 22 |
| 1784565756 | Chinese Exclusion Act | 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States. |  | 23 |
| 1784565757 | assembly line | In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. |  | 24 |
| 1784565758 | Sherman Antitrust Act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by President Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions. |  | 25 |
| 1784565759 | Pullman Strike | (1894) The last of the big strikes of the Gilded Age. Organized by Eugene V. Debs of the National Railway Union to oppose wage cuts and abuses of the company town system. U.S. government used the Sherman Anti-trust Act against the striking workers. |  | 26 |
