امتحان اسلاميه Flashcards
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| 1036988563 | ادغام المتماثلين | ادغام حرفين متماثلين مخرجا وصفه | 1 | |
| 1036988564 | ادغام المتجانسين | ادغام حرفين متفقين مخرجا ومختلفين صفه | 2 |
Campell's Biology Chapter 6 Flashcards
Tour of the Cell
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| 988716519 | Cell | -Is the fundamental unit of life -All living things are made of cells -The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive -Cytology is the study of cells | 1 | |
| 988716520 | Scientists that discovered cells | -Robert Hooke was the first to see cell walls in a dead oak tree sample -Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first to visualize living cells -Study progressed w/ invention and improvement of the microscope | 2 | |
| 988716521 | Types of microscopes | -Light microscopes (LM) -Electron microscopes (EM, SEM, TEM) | 3 | |
| 988716522 | Light microscope | -Visible light is passed through the specimen then magnified by lenses -Level of magnification, resolution, and contrast are important factors in microscopy | 4 | |
| 988716523 | Advantages/Disadvantages of LM | -can view living cells -can't magnify nearly as much as EM -cheaper than EM | 5 | |
| 988716524 | Electron microscope | -beam of electrons is shot at specimen and then translated onto a video screen -Scanning (SEM) detail the topography of a specimen, give 3-D view of surface -Transmission (TEM) used to study internal structure of cells | 6 | |
| 988716525 | Advantages/Disadvantages of EM | -Cells have to be dead to study them on an EM -Can magnify 100x better than light microscopes -Useful in studying organelles | 7 | |
| 988716526 | Eukaryotic Cells | -Make up protists, fungi, plants, animals -Contain membrane bound nucleus -Much larger than prokaryotes | 8 | |
| 988716527 | Prokaryotic Cells | -Make up bacteria and archea -Have a "nucleoid" which is the region that chromosomes are in | 9 | |
| 988716528 | Animal Cells' Unique Traits | -Contain lysosomes -Contain centrosomes with centrioles -Can have flagella | 10 | |
| 988716529 | Plant Cells' Unique Traits | -Choloplasts -Central Vacuole -Cell Wall -Plasmodesmata | 11 | |
| 988716530 | Nucleus | Contains most genes of the eukaryotic cell (some are contained in mitochondria and choloplasts) | 12 | |
| 988716531 | Nuclear Envelope | -Double membrane that encloses nucleus -Has pore complexes that deal with transport of RNA, proteins, and ribosomes | 13 | |
| 988716532 | Nuclear Lamina | array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus | 14 | |
| 988716533 | Nuclear Matrix | framework of protein fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior | 15 | |
| 988716534 | Chromosomes | -structures that carry genetic info -contain 1 long DNA molecule wrapped in proteins -are usually only visible when the cell is dividing, at other times its just a mass of chromatin | 16 | |
| 988716535 | Chromatin | DNA and the proteins that it associates with. Forms the chromosomes. | 17 | |
| 988716536 | Nucleolus | A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes and rRNA | 18 | |
| 988716537 | Ribosomes | A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits. | 19 | |
| 988716538 | 2 Types of Ribosomes | -Free: suspended in the cytosol -Bound: attached to ER or nuclear envelope | 20 | |
| 988716539 | Endomembrane System | -different membranes of the eukaryotic cell, include: nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane -Carries out protein synthesis, transport of proteins, metabolism and transport of lipids, detoxification of poisons | 21 | |
| 988716540 | Vesicles | Bubbles of membrane that carry molecules around the cell | 22 | |
| 988716541 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids. | 23 | |
| 988716542 | Smooth ER | -Lacks ribosomes -synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies (by adding hydroxyls), stores calcium ions | 24 | |
| 988716543 | Rough ER | -Has ribosomes -makes secratory proteins -membrane factory of the cell -makes membrane phospholipids | 25 | |
| 988716544 | Golgi Apparatus | -consists of stacks of flattened sacs yo that are not connected -receives vesicles from ER, modifies them as they moves from the cis- face to the trans- face (shipping face) -Transports them in vesicles when they leave -Also manufacture macromolecules like polysaccharides | 26 | |
| 988716545 | Lysosome | - membrane-bound vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes involved in intracellular digestion of macromolecules -They are made in the ER then transferred to Golgi for more processing -Do phagocytosis and autophagy | 27 | |
| 988716546 | Phagocytosis | lysosomes digest food | 28 | |
| 988716547 | Autophagy | lysosomes break down damaged organelles | 29 | |
| 988716548 | Vacuoles | -large vesicles derived from ER and Golgi than transport solutes -Food Vacuoles: hold nutrients -Contractile Vacuoles: pump excess water out of the cell | 30 | |
| 988716549 | Central Vacuole | -Only in plants -Contain cell sap, which is the plant's main suppository of inorganic ions | 31 | |
| 988716550 | Mitochondria | -An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. -Enclosed by two membranes with the inner membrane folded; contains its own DNA | 32 | |
| 988716551 | Chloroplasts | -only found in plants and algae -convert solar energy to chemical energy -contain ribosomes and its own DNA | 33 | |
| 988716552 | Endosymbiont theory | The theory that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism | 34 | |
| 988716553 | Cristae | Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP | 35 | |
| 988716554 | Mitochondrial Matrix | The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the krebs cycle | 36 | |
| 988716555 | Thylakoids | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy | 37 | |
| 988716556 | Granum | A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast | 38 | |
| 988716557 | Stroma | Fluid within a chloroplast that contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis and the chloroplast DNA | 39 | |
| 988716558 | Plastids | group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments | 40 | |
| 988716559 | Peroxisome | -Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals -Glyoxysomes are found in fat storing tissues of plant seeds and contain enzymes that initiate the conversion of fatty acids to sugar | 41 | |
| 988716560 | Cytoskeleton | -A network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules -2 main roles: support and motility | 42 | |
| 988716561 | Motor Proteins | -A protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell. -Bring about bending of cilia and flagella | 43 | |
| 988716562 | Microtubules | -Largest fibers in cytoskeleton -Constructed from the protein tubulin -Tubulin is a dimer (molecule made up of 2 subunits) -Microtubules grow by adding tubulin dimers -2 ends:the plus end can grow and shrink at a high rate | 44 | |
| 988716563 | Centrosomes | -Site where microtubules grow out of -Usually near the nucleus -Only in animal cells -Not required for organized microtubules | 45 | |
| 988716564 | Centrioles | -A pair of these is in a centrosome -They are made of nine sets of triplet microtubules | 46 | |
| 988716565 | Flagella | -A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules, ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane -9+2 arrangement | 47 | |
| 988716566 | Cilia | A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane -Same 9+2 arrangement as flagella | 48 | |
| 988716567 | Basal body | -anchors cilia or flagella to cell -similar to a centriole | 49 | |
| 988716568 | Dyneins | in cilia and flagella, a large motor protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in dynein shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella | 50 | |
| 988716569 | Microfilaments | -A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction; also known as an actin filament | 51 | |
| 988716570 | Cortex | Outer cytoplasmic layer of the cell formed by microfilaments just inside the plasma membrane | 52 | |
| 988716571 | Myosin | -Thicker protein filament that interacts with microtubules -"Walks" along actin with projections, which causes movement -Present in muscle cells and causes contraction of them | 53 | |
| 988716572 | Pseudopodia | A temporary footlike extension of a one-celled organism, such as an amoeba, used for moving about and for surrounding and taking in food | 54 | |
| 988716573 | Cytoplasmic Streaming | -circular flow of cytoplasm within cells -speeds up distribution of materials within the cell | 55 | |
| 988716574 | Intermediate filaments | -A component of the cytoskeleton that includes all filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments -More permanent than microtubules and microfilaments -Very sturdy, make up framework of cell | 56 | |
| 988716575 | Cell Wall | -Only in plants, fungi, prokaryotes -Much thicker than plasma membrane -Made of combo of cellulose fibers and matrix | 57 | |
| 988716576 | Primary Cell Wall | In plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young cell | 58 | |
| 988716577 | Middle Lamella | In plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells | 59 | |
| 988716578 | Secondary Cell Wall | A strong and durable matrix often deposited in several laminated layers for plant cell protection and support | 60 | |
| 988716579 | Extracellular Matrix | -Made of glycoproteins -Main one is collagen -In animal cells | 61 | |
| 988716580 | Proteoglycans | a glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells | 62 | |
| 988716581 | Fibronectin | A glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the extracellular matrix. | 63 | |
| 988716582 | Integrins | -Cell-surface receptor proteins that span the membrane and bind on their cytoplasmic side to associated proteins attached to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton -Transmit signals | 64 | |
| 988716583 | Plasmodesmata | Open channels in the cell wall of a plant through which strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell. | 65 |
Art History Chapter 5 Flashcards
• Geometric, ca. 900-700 BCE
• Orientalizing Art, ca. 725-650 BCE
• Archaic Art, ca. 650-480 BCE
• Early Classical Art, ca. 480-450 BCE
• High Classical Art, ca. 450-400 BCE
• Late Classical Art, ca. 400-325 BCE
• Hellenistic Art, ca. 325-30 BCE
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| 900511473 | Dipylon Krater, Geometric, Dipylon Cemetery, Athens, Greece, 740 BCE, 3' 4.5" *funerary use |  | 1 | |
| 900511474 | Herakles and Nessos, Geometric, Olympia, Greece, 750 - 730 BCE, Bronze, 4.5" *hero and centaur |  | 2 | |
| 900511475 | Mantiklos Apollo, Orientalizing, Thebes, Greece, 700 - 680 BCE, Bronze, 8" *Apollo? |  | 3 | |
| 900511478 | Lady of Auxerre; Orientalizing, Crete, Greece; ca. 650-625 BCE; limestone *Daedalic style (after legendary artist Daedalus) *Goddess or maiden (kore) |  | 4 | |
| 900511476 | Corinthian Amphora; Orientalizing, Rhodes, Greece, ca. 625-600 BCE *black-figure technique with slip, Exekias. *red-figure technique, Andokides, Euphronius |  | 5 | |
| 900511479 | Kouros; (near) Athens, Greece; Archaic, ca. 600 BCE; marble *Has same stance as many Egyptian statues...frontal with left foot advanced slightly, arms held at side of body, fists clenched (also a funerary statue, like Egyptians!) *Kouri are nude, unlike Egyptians, for all to see |  | 6 | |
| 900511485 | Temple of Artemis; Corfu, Greece; Archaic, ca. 600-580 BCE *medusa |  | 7 | |
| 900511480 | Calf bearer; Athens, Greece; Archaic, ca. 560 BCE; marble *Man's arms and calf's legs for an X to show bond *Archaic smile= always, and even in bad context |  | 8 | |
| 900511484 | Temple of Hera I ("Basilica"); Paestum, Italy; Archaic, ca. 550 BCE *Doric temple design *achieved simple 2:1 ratio |  | 9 | |
| 900511486 | Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game; by Exekias; Vulci, Italy; Archaic, ca. 540-530 BCE *Detail from an Athenian black-figure amphora *Amphora: a tall ancient Greek or Roman jar with two handles and a narrow neck. |  | 10 | |
| 900511481 | Kroisos; Anavysos, Greece; Archaic, ca. 530 BCE; marble *Continues Egyptian stance, more naturalistic than Kourous (2), more rounded face, swelling cheeks, rounded hips, (no more v-shape) long hair is not as stiff |  | 11 | |
| 900511482 | Peplos Kore; from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece; Archaic, ca. 530 BCE; marble *Softer treatment of the flesh...contemporary korai have hard, muscular bodies |  | 12 | |
| 900511487 | Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game; by Andokides Painter; Orvieto, Italy; Archaic, ca. 525-520 BCE *Exekias |  | 13 | |
| 900511483 | Kore in Ionian Dress; from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece; Archaic, ca. 52-510 BCE; marble |  | 14 | |
| 900511490 | Dying warrior (from west pediment of the Temple of Aphaia); Aegina, Greece; ca. 490 BCE; Archaic *Still somewhat Archaic (Archaic smile [while being stabbed], torso rigidly frontal, looks directly out) |  | 15 | |
| 900511491 | Dying warrior (from east pediment of the Temple of Aphaia); Aegina, Greece; ca. 480 BCE; Early Classical *More realistic with appropriate exppression |  | 16 | |
| 900511496 | Kritios Boy; from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece; Early Classical, ca. 480 BCE *contrapposto *The head turns slighty...breaking unwritten rule of frontality (basically all statues before this) |  | 17 | |
| 900511494 | Temple of Zeus; Olympia, Greece; Early Classicalca. 470-456 BCE; Doric *Architect was Libon of Elis *Site of the Olympic Games |  | 18 | |
| 900511493 | Temple of Hera II; Paestum, Italy; Early Classical, ca. 460 BCE; Doric |  | 19 | |
| 900511497 | Riace Warrior; from the sea off Riace, Italy; Early Classical, ca. 460-450 BCE; bronze *Embedded eyes, silver teeth and eye-lashes, and copper lips and nipples *contrapposto *Hollow-casting |  | 20 | |
| 900511498 | Zeus; from the sea off Cape Artemision, Greece; Early Classical, ca. 460-450 BCE; bronze (Hellenistic) |  | 21 | |
| 900511499 | Diskobolos (Discus Thrower); by Myron; Roman marble copy of a bronze original; Early Classical, ca. 450 BCE. |  | 22 | |
| 900511500 | Doryphoros (Spear Bearer); by Polykleitos; Roman marble copy of bronze original; Early Classical, ca. 450 BCE *7 heads, canon |  | 23 | |
| 900511502 | Parthenon (Temple of Athena Parthenos); Acropolis, Athens, Greece; high classical, ca. 447-438 BCE; Doric *Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates *Sculptural Designer: Phidias *Doric, but contains some Ionic elements (some tall and slender Ionic columns, interior frieze) *Athena *peripteral temple |  | 24 | |
| 900511503 | Athena Parthenos; (in the cella of the Parthenon); by Phidias; Acropolis, Athens, Greece; high classical, ca. 438 BCE; 38-feet-tall; gold and ivory *winged Nike |  | 25 | |
| 900511507 | Temple of Athena Nike; Acropolis, Athens, Greece; high classical, ca. 427-424 BCE; *First completely Ionic temple in Acropolis |  | 26 | |
| 900511506 | Erechtheion , Acropolis, Athens, Greece, high classical, ca. 421-405 BCE. (High Classical) *Carytids |  | 27 | |
| 900511512 | Aphrodite of Knidos; by Praxiteles; Roman marble copy of original; Roman, Italy; Late Classical, ca. 350 *First nude greek women sculpture |  | 28 | |
| 900511520 | Theater; by Polykleitos the Younger; Epidauros, Greece; Late Classical, ca. 350 BCE |  | 29 | |
| 900511513 | Hermes and the infant Dionysus; by Praxiteles; Temple of Hera, Olympia, Greece; Late Classical, ca. 340 |  | 30 | |
| 900511515 | Weary Herakles (Farnese Herakles); by Glykon of Athens; (inspired by Lysippos); Roman copy; Rome, Italy; Late Classical, Late Classical, ca. 320 BCE; marble |  | 31 | |
| 900511516 | Head of Alexander the Great; Pella, Greece; Late Classical, 3rd century BCE |  | 32 | |
| 900511519 | Battle of Issus; by Philoxenos of Eretria; Pompeii, Italy Late Classical, ca. 310 BCE *Alexander the Great |  | 33 | |
| 900511532 | Demosthenes; by Polyeuktos; Roman copy of bronze original, Hellenistic, ca. 280 BCE *Aged Old Man |  | 34 | |
| 900511525 | Gallic chieftain killing himself and wife; by Epigonos; Roman copy of bronze original (Hellenistic, ca. 230 BCE)—from the altar of Zeus |  | 35 | |
| 900511526 | Dying Gaul; by Epigonos; Roman marble copy of bronze original, Hellenistic, ca. 230 BCE |  | 36 | |
| 900511529 | Barberini Faun (Sleeping satyr); Rome, Italy Hellenistic, ca. 230-200 BCE • Restlessly sleeping, drunken satyr, very sexual |  | 37 | |
| 900511527 | Nike of Samothrace; Samothrace, Greece; Hellenistic, ca. 190 BCE |  | 38 | |
| 900511523 | Altar of Zeus; Pergamon, Turkey; Hellenistic, ca. 175 BCE |  | 39 | |
| 900511524 | Athena battling Alkyoneos; Detail of the frieze from the Altar of Zeus; Pergamon, Turkey; Hellenistic, ca. 175 BCE |  | 40 | |
| 900511522 | Stoa of Attalos II; Agora, Athens, Greece; Hellenistic, Hellenistic, ca. 150 BCE (late Classical) *Agora: a public open space used for assemblies and markets |  | 41 | |
| 900511528 | Venus de Milo (Aphrodite); by Alexandros; Melos, Greece; Hellenistic, ca. 150-125 BCE |  | 42 | |
| 900511531 | Old market woman; Hellenistic, ca. 150-100 BCE *Social realism |  | 43 | |
| 900511530 | Seated boxer; Rome, Italy Hellenistic, ca. 100-50 BCE *No longer young |  | 44 | |
| 900511533 | Laocoon and his Sons; by Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros; Rome, Italy; Hellenistic, early 1st century CE |  | 45 | |
| 900511534 | Head of Odysseus; by Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros; Sperlonga, Italy; Hellenistic, ca. early 1st century CE |  | 46 |
Proclamation of 1763 After the treaty of Paris was signed, the proclamation was made to prevent war from breaking out with the natives due to the debt they owed from the previous war Treaty of Paris The peace treaty signed ending the french & Indian War A
Proclamation of 1763 After the treaty of Paris was signed, the proclamation was made to prevent war from breaking out with the natives due to the debt they owed from the previous war
Treaty of Paris The peace treaty signed ending the french & Indian War
Albany Plan of Union An illustration made by Ben Franklin. He hoped to unite the colonies by using a snake as a metaphor of them having to unite.
John Locke During the enlightenment he explained how everyone is equal and challenged Hereditary succession. He explained natural and divine rights
natural rights the power comes from the people from god to people people change gov't
great Awakening Religious Movement that proclaimed you can pray without going to church. It said to challenged authority.
Enlightenment A movement that put reality in people's minds and started to believe more on science.
Hereditary Succession When the oldest child becomes the heir to the thrown through blood
boycott to refuse or ignore a product or company to get what you want. It is a form of peaceful protest
Stamp Act England put a tax on all printed goods in the colonies it would be payed by a stamp
Tea Act England forced the colonist to buy from the West Indian Tea Company by saying they were not allowed to buy from anywhere else
Sugar Act England put a tax on any product from the colonies with sugar
alliances a union formed for mutual benefit
declaratory Act Stated Parliament had complete control over the colonies.
Townshend Acts tax imported goods
Quebec Act Control of Canada
Intolerable Acts unsustainable acts made by parliament to punish the colonists
Quartering Act colonists were forced to house and feed a British soldier at their expense
Protest to rebel or state your thinking with a group of people usually to authority
Propaganda something used to sway or persuade someones opinion.
Terms : Hide Images
| 677526042 | Proclamation of 1763 After the treaty of Paris was signed, the proclamation was made to prevent war from breaking out with the natives due to the debt they owed from the previous war Treaty of Paris The peace treaty signed ending the french & Indian War Albany Plan of Union An illustration made by Ben Franklin. He hoped to unite the colonies by using a snake as a metaphor of them having to unite. John Locke During the enlightenment he explained how everyone is equal and challenged Hereditary succession. He explained natural and divine rights natural rights the power comes from the people from god to people people change gov't great Awakening Religious Movement that proclaimed you can pray without going to church. It said to challenged authority. Enlightenment A movement that put reality in people's minds and started to believe more on science. Hereditary Succession When the oldest child becomes the heir to the thrown through blood boycott to refuse or ignore a product or company to get what you want. It is a form of peaceful protest Stamp Act England put a tax on all printed goods in the colonies it would be payed by a stamp Tea Act England forced the colonist to buy from the West Indian Tea Company by saying they were not allowed to buy from anywhere else Sugar Act England put a tax on any product from the colonies with sugar alliances a union formed for mutual benefit declaratory Act Stated Parliament had complete control over the colonies. Townshend Acts tax imported goods Quebec Act Control of Canada Intolerable Acts unsustainable acts made by parliament to punish the colonists Quartering Act colonists were forced to house and feed a British soldier at their expense Protest to rebel or state your thinking with a group of people usually to authority Propaganda something used to sway or persuade someones opinion. Usually it is a lie or a stretched truth Boston Massacre When 6 colonists were shot at after a protest due to an unclear "fire" command Boston Tea Party Happened when the Sons of Liberty dressed up as indian and dumped tea into the boston harbor Sons of Liberty a group led by Samuel Adams. They protested against England due to them feeling like they had little freedom English bill of Rights A bill signed by King William & Queen Mary. It was roughly based off the magna Carta, by limiting the King's power in similar ways Magna Carta A document signed in 1207. It was signed by force by the King of England which limited his power 1) How did education, the great awakening, and the enlightenment affect colonial society? The education made colonists gain manners, the children are starting to have an education. They are beginning to have good manners and this improves society. The Great Awakening put in colonists minds its ok the pray at home or anywhere as long as you have God in your heart its fine. The colonist no longer have to go to church 3 times on sunday,the great awakening also made people question authority. While the Enlightenment change the way people thought of religion and the government. John Locke said Hereditary Succession doesn't make sense, he also question the king. People started to get smarter and believe more in science than anything else. 2) What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian war. How do the outcome of the war affect colonial society? Having to fight a war made the colonies come closer together. Also, having British soldiers in the Americas made them feel less isolated, making the colonists feel uneasy After Driving the French out of colonial America, the colonists were overjoyed.Shortly after, the proclamation of 1763 was written making the colonist angry, since they fought bloody battles to get land they can't even use. This made the colonist a little uneasy about England. Since England was in debt from the war, they imposed taxes on the Colonies. | Proclamation of 1763 After the treaty of Paris was signed, the proclamation was made to prevent war from breaking out with the natives due to the debt they owed from the previous war Treaty of Paris The peace treaty signed ending the french & Indian War Albany Plan of Union An illustration made by Ben Franklin. He hoped to unite the colonies by using a snake as a metaphor of them having to unite. John Locke During the enlightenment he explained how everyone is equal and challenged Hereditary succession. He explained natural and divine rights natural rights the power comes from the people from god to people people change gov't great Awakening Religious Movement that proclaimed you can pray without going to church. It said to challenged authority. Enlightenment A movement that put reality in people's minds and started to believe more on science. Hereditary Succession When the oldest child becomes the heir to the thrown through blood boycott to refuse or ignore a product or company to get what you want. It is a form of peaceful protest Stamp Act England put a tax on all printed goods in the colonies it would be payed by a stamp Tea Act England forced the colonist to buy from the West Indian Tea Company by saying they were not allowed to buy from anywhere else Sugar Act England put a tax on any product from the colonies with sugar alliances a union formed for mutual benefit declaratory Act Stated Parliament had complete control over the colonies. Townshend Acts tax imported goods Quebec Act Control of Canada Intolerable Acts unsustainable acts made by parliament to punish the colonists Quartering Act colonists were forced to house and feed a British soldier at their expense Protest to rebel or state your thinking with a group of people usually to authority Propaganda something used to sway or persuade someones opinion. Usually it is a lie or a stretched truth Boston Massacre When 6 colonists were shot at after a protest due to an unclear "fire" command Boston Tea Party Happened when the Sons of Liberty dressed up as indian and dumped tea into the boston harbor Sons of Liberty a group led by Samuel Adams. They protested against England due to them feeling like they had little freedom English bill of Rights A bill signed by King William & Queen Mary. It was roughly based off the magna Carta, by limiting the King's power in similar ways Magna Carta A document signed in 1207. It was signed by force by the King of England which limited his power 1) How did education, the great awakening, and the enlightenment affect colonial society? The education made colonists gain manners, the children are starting to have an education. They are beginning to have good manners and this improves society. The Great Awakening put in colonists minds its ok the pray at home or anywhere as long as you have God in your heart its fine. The colonist no longer have to go to church 3 times on sunday,the great awakening also made people question authority. While the Enlightenment change the way people thought of religion and the government. John Locke said Hereditary Succession doesn't make sense, he also question the king. People started to get smarter and believe more in science than anything else. 2) What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian war. How do the outcome of the war affect colonial society? Having to fight a war made the colonies come closer together. Also, having British soldiers in the Americas made them feel less isolated, making the colonists feel uneasy After Driving the French out of colonial America, the colonists were overjoyed.Shortly after, the proclamation of 1763 was written making the colonist angry, since they fought bloody battles to get land they can't even use. This made the colonist a little uneasy about England. Since England was in debt from the war, they imposed taxes on the Colonies. | 1 | |
| 677526043 | Proclamation of 1763 After the treaty of Paris was signed, the proclamation was made to prevent war from breaking out with the natives due to the debt they owed from the previous war Treaty of Paris The peace treaty signed ending the french & Indian War Albany Plan of Union An illustration made by Ben Franklin. He hoped to unite the colonies by using a snake as a metaphor of them having to unite. John Locke During the enlightenment he explained how everyone is equal and challenged Hereditary succession. He explained natural and divine rights natural rights the power comes from the people from god to people people change gov't great Awakening Religious Movement that proclaimed you can pray without going to church. It said to challenged authority. Enlightenment A movement that put reality in people's minds and started to believe more on science. Hereditary Succession When the oldest child becomes the heir to the thrown through blood boycott to refuse or ignore a product or company to get what you want. It is a form of peaceful protest Stamp Act England put a tax on all printed goods in the colonies it would be payed by a stamp Tea Act England forced the colonist to buy from the West Indian Tea Company by saying they were not allowed to buy from anywhere else Sugar Act England put a tax on any product from the colonies with sugar alliances a union formed for mutual benefit declaratory Act Stated Parliament had complete control over the colonies. Townshend Acts tax imported goods Quebec Act Control of Canada Intolerable Acts unsustainable acts made by parliament to punish the colonists Quartering Act colonists were forced to house and feed a British soldier at their expense Protest to rebel or state your thinking with a group of people usually to authority Propaganda something used to sway or persuade someones opinion. Usually it is a lie or a stretched truth Boston Massacre When 6 colonists were shot at after a protest due to an unclear "fire" command Boston Tea Party Happened when the Sons of Liberty dressed up as indian and dumped tea into the boston harbor Sons of Liberty a group led by Samuel Adams. They protested against England due to them feeling like they had little freedom English bill of Rights A bill signed by King William & Queen Mary. It was roughly based off the magna Carta, by limiting the King's power in similar ways Magna Carta A document signed in 1207. It was signed by force by the King of England which limited his power 1) How did education, the great awakening, and the enlightenment affect colonial society? The education made colonists gain manners, the children are starting to have an education. They are beginning to have good manners and this improves society. The Great Awakening put in colonists minds its ok the pray at home or anywhere as long as you have God in your heart its fine. The colonist no longer have to go to church 3 times on sunday,the great awakening also made people question authority. While the Enlightenment change the way people thought of religion and the government. John Locke said Hereditary Succession doesn't make sense, he also question the king. People started to get smarter and believe more in science than anything else. 2) What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian war. How do the outcome of the war affect colonial society? Having to fight a war made the colonies come closer together. Also, having British soldiers in the Americas made them feel less isolated, making the colonists feel uneasy After Driving the French out of colonial America, the colonists were overjoyed.Shortly after, the proclamation of 1763 was written making the colonist angry, since they fought bloody battles to get land they can't even use. This made the colonist a little uneasy about England. Since England was in debt from the war, they imposed taxes on the Colonies. | Proclamation of 1763 After the treaty of Paris was signed, the proclamation was made to prevent war from breaking out with the natives due to the debt they owed from the previous war Treaty of Paris The peace treaty signed ending the french & Indian War Albany Plan of Union An illustration made by Ben Franklin. He hoped to unite the colonies by using a snake as a metaphor of them having to unite. John Locke During the enlightenment he explained how everyone is equal and challenged Hereditary succession. He explained natural and divine rights natural rights the power comes from the people from god to people people change gov't great Awakening Religious Movement that proclaimed you can pray without going to church. It said to challenged authority. Enlightenment A movement that put reality in people's minds and started to believe more on science. Hereditary Succession When the oldest child becomes the heir to the thrown through blood boycott to refuse or ignore a product or company to get what you want. It is a form of peaceful protest Stamp Act England put a tax on all printed goods in the colonies it would be payed by a stamp Tea Act England forced the colonist to buy from the West Indian Tea Company by saying they were not allowed to buy from anywhere else Sugar Act England put a tax on any product from the colonies with sugar alliances a union formed for mutual benefit declaratory Act Stated Parliament had complete control over the colonies. Townshend Acts tax imported goods Quebec Act Control of Canada Intolerable Acts unsustainable acts made by parliament to punish the colonists Quartering Act colonists were forced to house and feed a British soldier at their expense Protest to rebel or state your thinking with a group of people usually to authority Propaganda something used to sway or persuade someones opinion. Usually it is a lie or a stretched truth Boston Massacre When 6 colonists were shot at after a protest due to an unclear "fire" command Boston Tea Party Happened when the Sons of Liberty dressed up as indian and dumped tea into the boston harbor Sons of Liberty a group led by Samuel Adams. They protested against England due to them feeling like they had little freedom English bill of Rights A bill signed by King William & Queen Mary. It was roughly based off the magna Carta, by limiting the King's power in similar ways Magna Carta A document signed in 1207. It was signed by force by the King of England which limited his power 1) How did education, the great awakening, and the enlightenment affect colonial society? The education made colonists gain manners, the children are starting to have an education. They are beginning to have good manners and this improves society. The Great Awakening put in colonists minds its ok the pray at home or anywhere as long as you have God in your heart its fine. The colonist no longer have to go to church 3 times on sunday,the great awakening also made people question authority. While the Enlightenment change the way people thought of religion and the government. John Locke said Hereditary Succession doesn't make sense, he also question the king. People started to get smarter and believe more in science than anything else. 2) What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian war. How do the outcome of the war affect colonial society? Having to fight a war made the colonies come closer together. Also, having British soldiers in the Americas made them feel less isolated, making the colonists feel uneasy After Driving the French out of colonial America, the colonists were overjoyed.Shortly after, the proclamation of 1763 was written making the colonist angry, since they fought bloody battles to get land they can't even use. This made the colonist a little uneasy about England. Since England was in debt from the war, they imposed taxes on the Colonies. | 2 |
Boyer, "The Enduring Vision" Chapter 19: 1860-1900 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 1146702788 | A young black pianist who sold more than half a million copies of ragtime music a year for a penny each, who earned the name "Maple Leaf Rag" and considered the leader of the entertainment industry, dying in 1917. | Scott Joplin | 1 | |
| 1146702789 | A promise of good wages and a broad range of jobs, mainly directed toward countryside men and women to come to the city | "pull factors" | 2 | |
| 1146702790 | A section of the flooding numbers of immigrants, including Italians, Slavs, Greeks, Jews, Armenians, and Japanese. | "New Immigrants" | 3 | |
| 1146702791 | Reasons for immigration to America, including overpopulation, crop failure, famine, religious persecution, violence, and industrial depression. | "Push Factors" | 4 | |
| 1146702792 | Established in 1855 on New York State's Manhattan Island, this was an immigrant admission facility where currency was exchanged, railroad tickets could be purchased and lodging could be arranged. | Castle Garden | 5 | |
| 1146702793 | A immigrant admission facility located in New York harbor that was established in 1892 by the federal government, where currency was exchanged, railroad tickets could be purchased and lodging could be arranged. | Ellis Island | 6 | |
| 1146702794 | A immigration admission facility established in San Francisco Bay in 1910, where currency was exchanged, railroad tickets could be purchased and lodging could be arranged for the West Coast. | Angel's Island | 7 | |
| 1146702795 | The tendency of immigrants to settle near where their predecessors had. | "Chain migration" | 8 | |
| 1146702796 | Long, narrow buildings subdivided by landlords that where packed with too many residents, usually becoming slums and ghettos. | tenement | 9 | |
| 1146702797 | A tenement that prevented its residents from renting elsewhere because of public prejudices, pressure, and laws. | ghetto | 10 | |
| 1146702798 | Residential housing that had to bear the noise, pollution, and odors of tanneries, foundries, factories, and packing houses. | Industrial Districts | 11 | |
| 1146702799 | Built usually for families of a certain income, these would contain subdivisions of similar lot sizes and housing designs, usually a two story house, with a front porch thirty feet from the sidewalk. | Suburb | 12 | |
| 1146702800 | A quote from Irish writer James F. Muirhead that epitomized the urban American living conditions of rich and poor. | "land of contrasts" | 13 | |
| 1146702801 | Written by Henry Ward Beecher and other advisees, this was a set of social ideas (such as the rich would lead America's financial success) embraced by the wealthy during the reign of Queen Victoria in England. It supported that man's nature was malleable, that work had social value, and that manners and the integration of art into society are key to true civilization; it widened the gap between the rich and poor. | Victorian Morality | 14 | |
| 1146702802 | Supporters of "the woman's sphere", and Victorian morality in considering domestic production decisions. | The Cult of Domesticity | 15 | |
| 1146702803 | A idealistic belief that the home was a woman's place of work, where she would take care of the kids and build a strong artistic environment to culturally improve the family. | "The Woman's Sphere" | 16 | |
| 1146702804 | Began in the late 1800s, these were large shopping centers that attracted shoppers by advertising price deductions and sales; were mainly directed toward women, the majority of shoppers, and was seen as a form of entertainment. | Department Stores | 17 | |
| 1146702805 | Creators of giant department stores in New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago. | Rowland H. Macy, John Wanamaker, Marshall Field | 18 | |
| 1146702806 | Instead of focusing solely on teaching Latin and Greek, theology, logic and math, these would offer many courses in a wide spectrum of subjects, establish professional programs, and encourage the faculty to pursue basic research. | Research Universities | 19 | |
| 1146702807 | American, urban controlling governments, which tried to alleviate city suffrage, but caused corruption in politics and hindered social services. | Political Machines | 20 | |
| 1146702808 | A Democratic, political machine that controlled New York politics from the 1830s to 1930s. | Tammany Hall | 21 | |
| 1146702809 | New York's Tammany Hall's boss who threw the city into $70 million of debt after 60,000 patronage positions were formed, was convicted of fraud and extortion, thrown in jail and died (after being caught in Spain) in 1878. | William "Mager" Tweed | 22 | |
| 1146702810 | A German cartoonist of Harper's Weekly who satirically depicted Tweed's fraudulence | Thomas Nast | 23 | |
| 1146702811 | Creator of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor in 1843, he encourage poor families to change their pattern of living. | Robert M. Hartley | 24 | |
| 1146702812 | Creator of the New York children's Aid Society in 1853, he established dorms, reading rooms, and workshops for boys to learn practical skills while shipping orphans off the streets to families in the country to work as farm hands. | Charles Loring Brace | 25 | |
| 1146702813 | Originally created in England, these provided housing and recreation activities for men and women while establishing strong moralistic behavior through curfews and other rules against certain behavior. | Young Men and Women Christian Association (YM/WCA) | 26 | |
| 1146702814 | Originally established by Methodist William Booth in England, this organization provided food, shelter, and temporary employment for families, while attracting the poor with parades, and lively preaching in order to teach strong virtues of temperance, hard-work, and self-discipline. | The Salvation Army | 27 | |
| 1146702815 | Founder of the New York Charity Organization Society, she sent trained and employed women to tenements to counsel families how to improve their lives. | Josephine Shaw Lowell | 28 | |
| 1146702816 | A dry-goods clerk and founder of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, he called for the closing of gambling and lottery operations and censor obscene publications. | Anthony Comstock | 29 | |
| 1146702817 | A New York Presbyterian minister who founded the City Vigilance League to clean the city of rampant evils. | Charles Parkhurst | 30 | |
| 1146702818 | Started by Washington Gladden in the 1870s, this was aimed against social injustices by uniting Christian men and women to do so. | Social Gospel movement | 31 | |
| 1146702819 | Creator of the Hull House, she led the first settlement-house for immigrants. | Jane Addams | 32 | |
| 1146702820 | An immigrant social center, it included plays, sponsored art projects, sponsored recreational and athletic programs, English classes, civics, cooking, dressmaking, a Kindergarden, a laundry, an employment bureau, a day nursery, and issued legal aid and health care. | Hull House | 33 | |
| 1146702821 | A former worker at the Hull House, she was a chief factory inspector for Illinois in 1893, showing the importance of settlement-houses in the future Progressive Era. | Florence Kelley | 34 | |
| 1146702822 | Born into Irish lineage and called "the Boston Strong Boy," he was the greatest boxer in America; even though he refused to fight blacks, he fought for the heavyweight championship belt against Australian Peter Jackson, ending with the return of the belt to Police Gazette. | John L. Sullivan | 35 | |
| 1146702823 | This was called as the rise of women clubs, growth of women in college, and the 1890s bicycle fad. | "New Woman" | 36 | |
| 1146702824 | He attacked aristocratic literary conventions and explored new forms of fiction while broadening its popularity. | Mark Twain/Samuel Langhorne Clemens | 37 | |
| 1146702825 | Writer of Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, and skeptic of literary conventions. | Stephen Crane | 38 | |
| 1146702826 | Written by Stephen Crane, it told of a girls story of living in an urban slum who ultimately kills herself; it is considered the first naturalistic American novel. | Maggie: A Girl of the Streets | 39 | |
| 1146702827 | An economist and writer of The Theory of the Leisure, he critiqued the lifestyles of capitalist elites as people who widen the gap between the rich and poor. | Thorstein Veblen | 40 | |
| 1146702828 | The inspiration to look forward to the future. | Modernism | 41 | |
| 1146702829 | An architect of Chicago, he designed the modernist "prairie-school" household, which created a sense of spaciousness compared to the three story Victorian household. | Frank Lloyd Wright. | 42 | |
| 1146702830 | President of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879, she believed that women were compassionate and nurturing by nature, and help dissolve the assumption of women's "separate spheres"; she was against all forms of alcohol. | Frances Willard | 43 | |
| 1146702831 | Through her novel The Awakening, she challenged societal conventions of women's role in marriage. | Kate Chopin | 44 | |
| 1146702832 | He urged the sense of order, decorum, self-discipline, and civic loyalty, also believing in punctuality and precise scheduling. He spoke of instilling centralized administration, compulsory-attendance laws, and a tenure system to prevent political favoritism and parental pressure from inhibiting the school function. | William Torrey Harris | 45 |
Brain Quiz - Brain Development Flashcards
Brain Development terms for 4.03 Quiz
Terms : Hide Images
| 555037270 | brain stem | Controls involuntary activities such as breathing | 1 | |
| 555037271 | cerebrum | Directs motor activities | 2 | |
| 555037272 | cerebellum | Controls muscular coordination, balance, and posture | 3 | |
| 555037273 | pituitary gland | Releases hormones that control metabolism and sexual development | 4 | |
| 555037274 | spinal cord | Controls simple reflexes that do not involve the brain | 5 | |
| 555037275 | thalamus | Controls the way emotions are expressed | 6 | |
| 555037276 | dendrite | Receives information from other neurons and passes it on to the body of the nerve cell; reaches toward dendrites of other neurons for transmission | 7 | |
| 555037277 | cell body | Processes the information received | 8 | |
| 555037278 | axon | Carries information from cell body to dendrites at its tip; releases neurotransmitters | 9 | |
| 555037279 | myelin | Coating on axons that makes transmission easier | 10 | |
| 555037280 | synapse | Gap between dendrites of different neurons across which neurotransmitters travel to relay information from one neuron to another | 11 | |
| 555037281 | stimulation | To encourage something such as an activity or a process so that brain activity will begin, increase, or develop | 12 |
Crisp Research : Music Theory : Relative Minor Keys by Major Key Flashcards
The question contains the major key, the answer contains the relative minor key, based off of the major key presented.
Terms : Hide Images
| 570524720 | C major | A minor | 1 | |
| 570524721 | C# major | A# minor | 2 | |
| 570524722 | Db major | Bb minor | 3 | |
| 570524723 | D major | B minor | 4 | |
| 570524724 | Eb major | C minor | 5 | |
| 570524725 | E major | C# minor | 6 | |
| 570524726 | F major | D minor | 7 | |
| 570524727 | F# major | D# minor | 8 | |
| 570524728 | Gb major | Eb minor | 9 | |
| 570524729 | G major | E minor | 10 | |
| 570524730 | Ab major | F minor | 11 | |
| 570524731 | A major | F# minor | 12 | |
| 570524732 | Bb major | G minor | 13 | |
| 570524733 | B major | G# minor | 14 | |
| 570524734 | Cb major | Ab minor | 15 |
AP Music Theory vocabulary list Flashcards
From a packet I got in class. It should include pretty much every vocab word you'll ever see on the AP Music Theory exam.
Probably has a few spelling mistakes, repeats or misuses of words here or there, but there are 298 of them so bare with me.
Terms : Hide Images
| 1697636921 | Cadence | Ending of a musical phrase | 0 | |
| 1697636922 | Cadential extention | Extension of a cadence using the same chords | 1 | |
| 1697636923 | Coda | Closing musical material, not included in the main idea. | 2 | |
| 1697636924 | Codetta | A small coda | 3 | |
| 1697636925 | Contour | Shape of a melody | 4 | |
| 1697636926 | Countermelody | Melody that is equally important to the main melody; usually provides consonace | 5 | |
| 1697636927 | Elision | One phrase connecting to the other | 6 | |
| 1697636928 | Fragment | Part of a motive | 7 | |
| 1697636929 | Introduction | A preparatory movement, usually in a slow tempo to introduce a larger composition. The term is chiefly applied to Classical and Romantic music, but is not exclusively applicable to those eras. | 8 | |
| 1697636930 | Bridge | Connects the B and A section | 9 | |
| 1697636931 | Chorus | A group of people singing a song, usually with multiple parts, together. The main tune. | 10 | |
| 1697636932 | Song Form (AABA, ABA, ABA', etc.) | The form a song is in. | 11 | |
| 1697636933 | Turnaround | Gets you back to the beginning | 12 | |
| 1697636934 | Twelve-bar blues | I,I,I,I,IV,IV,I,I,V,V,IV,IV,I | 13 | |
| 1697636935 | Augmentation | When the notes in a melody are increased, generally by half, in value. Antonym: Diminution | 14 | |
| 1697636936 | Conjunct | Stepwise melodic motion | 15 | |
| 1697636937 | Diminution | When a melody played in such a way that the time value of every note is shortened, generally halved, in value. Its antonym is ' augmentation' | 16 | |
| 1697636938 | Disjunct | Melodic motion in intervals larger than a 2nd | 17 | |
| 1697636939 | Extended version | wat | 18 | |
| 1697636940 | Fragmentation | When part of the song is broken into parts | 19 | |
| 1697636941 | Internal expansion | Expands beyond expect phrase length | 20 | |
| 1697636942 | Inversion, Melodic inversion | When you take one of the upper notes of a chord or interval and take the notes bellow it and put them on top. | 21 | |
| 1697636943 | Literal Repetition | When sequences are repeated exactly. | 22 | |
| 1697636944 | Motivic repetition | When the rhythmic theme is changed | 23 | |
| 1697636945 | Octave displacement | Taking a melodic line and moving the notes to a different octave | 24 | |
| 1697636946 | Retrograde | Backwards modulation | 25 | |
| 1697636947 | Rhythmic transformation | rhythm changes | 26 | |
| 1697636948 | Sequence | pitch and rhythmic pattern, repeated and different pitch levels | 27 | |
| 1697636949 | Sequential repetition | A sequence that repeats | 28 | |
| 1697636950 | Shortened version | When a song is shortened | 29 | |
| 1697636951 | Transposition | Change of key in the entire work | 30 | |
| 1697636952 | Truncation | To shorten, fragment | 31 | |
| 1697636953 | Motive | Smallest musical idea | 32 | |
| 1697636954 | Antecedent | The "Call" in a call and response | 33 | |
| 1697636955 | Consequent | The "Response" in a call and response | 34 | |
| 1697636956 | Contrasting period | When two phrases begin different | 35 | |
| 1697636957 | Double period | 2 periods put together | 36 | |
| 1697636958 | Parallel period | When two phrases begin the same | 37 | |
| 1697636959 | Repeated period | Exact repetition | 38 | |
| 1697636960 | Phrase group | Group of phrases that seem to belong together without forming a period | 39 | |
| 1697636961 | Refrain | Similar to a Chorus; the main tune | 40 | |
| 1697636962 | Binary small form | Movement with two main sections (AB) | 41 | |
| 1697636963 | Rounded binary small form | A B1/2 A | 42 | |
| 1697636964 | Ternary | Statement, contrast, return (ABA) | 43 | |
| 1697636965 | Solo, Soli | Group of soloists | 44 | |
| 1697636966 | Stanza | Different verses | 45 | |
| 1697636967 | Strophic | Music repeats, lyrics change | 46 | |
| 1697636968 | Theme | Main idea of the song, what it's about | 47 | |
| 1697636969 | Thematic transformation | When the theme changes in the song | 48 | |
| 1697636970 | Throuhg-composed | No form | 49 | |
| 1697636971 | Tutti | All, everyone | 50 | |
| 1697636972 | Variation | Material is altered during repetition | 51 | |
| 1697636973 | Capital roman numerals | Indicate major triads | 52 | |
| 1697636974 | Lowercase roman numerals | Indicate minor triads | 53 | |
| 1697636975 | Capital roman numeral with * | Augmented triad | 54 | |
| 1697636976 | Lowercase roman numeral with ° | Diminished triad | 55 | |
| 1697636977 | Arabic numerals or figured bass numerals do what? | Denote intervals above the bass and hence indirectly indicate chord inversion. Arabic numerals may indicate voice leading and/or nonharmonic tones. | 56 | |
| 1697636978 | Figured Bass 6 | Inidicates first inversion triad (third on bottom) | 57 | |
| 1697636979 | figured bass 6/4 | indicates second inversion triad (5th on bottom) | 58 | |
| 1697636980 | Figured bass 7 | Indicated root position seventh chord (root on bottom) | 59 | |
| 1697636981 | figured bass °7 | Fully diminished seventh chord (diminished triad with minor third on top) | 60 | |
| 1697636982 | figured bass ø7 | Half diminished seventh chord (diminished triad with major third on top) | 61 | |
| 1697636983 | figured bass 6/5 | first inversion seventh chord (3rd on the bottom) | 62 | |
| 1697636984 | figured bass 4/3 | second inversion seventh chord (5th on the bottom) | 63 | |
| 1697636985 | figured bass 4/2 | third inversion seventh chord (7th on the bottom) | 64 | |
| 1697636986 | figured bass 8-7 | suspension where the 8 moves to the seven | 65 | |
| 1697636987 | 9-8. 7-6, 4-3 figured bass | All indicate suspension and a melodic resolution | 66 | |
| 1697636988 | accidental before Arabic numeral | alteration of an interval | 67 | |
| 1697636989 | a slash through one of the arabic numerals or a plus after the arabic numeral | indicates that the note creating the interval in question is raised a half step | 68 | |
| 1697636990 | imperfect authentic cadence | must end on I chord | 69 | |
| 1697636991 | perfect authentic cadence | V to I; in root position; melody ends on tonic | 70 | |
| 1697636992 | conclusive cadence | cadence ends on tonic triad | 71 | |
| 1697636993 | deceptive cadence | V to vi | 72 | |
| 1697636994 | half cadence | ends on V | 73 | |
| 1697636995 | Phrygian half cadence | iv6 to V/V7 | 74 | |
| 1697636996 | inconclusive cadence | ends in something other than the tonic chord | 75 | |
| 1697636997 | Plagal | IV to I | 76 | |
| 1697636998 | Augmented triad (*) | two major thirds make up the triad | 77 | |
| 1697636999 | diminished triad (°) | Two minor triads make up the triad | 78 | |
| 1697637000 | Major triad (M) | a major then a minor third makes up the triad | 79 | |
| 1697637001 | Minor triad (m) | a minor then a major third makes up the triad | 80 | |
| 1697637002 | Major seventh chord ( | Major triad with major third on top | 81 | |
| 1697637003 | dominant seventh chord | a major triad with a minor third on top | 82 | |
| 1697637004 | minor seventh chord | minor triad with minor third on top | 83 | |
| 1697637005 | Half diminished seventh chord | diminished triad with major third on top | 84 | |
| 1697637006 | fully diminished seventh chord | diminished triad with minor third on top | 85 | |
| 1697637007 | Tonic | first scale degree | 86 | |
| 1697637008 | supertonic | second scale degree | 87 | |
| 1697637009 | mediant | third scale degree | 88 | |
| 1697637010 | subdominant | fourth scale degree | 89 | |
| 1697637011 | dominant | fifth scale degree | 90 | |
| 1697637012 | submediant | sixth scale degree | 91 | |
| 1697637013 | subtonic | whole step bellow the tonic | 92 | |
| 1697637014 | leading tone | half step below tonic | 93 | |
| 1697637015 | tonic function | ha | 94 | |
| 1697637016 | dominant function | leads to tonic, sets up half cadence | 95 | |
| 1697637017 | predominant function | sets up dominant tonic tonailities | 96 | |
| 1697637018 | Circle of fifths | keys or tonalities ordered by ascending (for sharp keys) or descending (for flat keys) intervals of a fifth | 97 | |
| 1697637019 | deceptive progression | The root of a secondary dominant can move up stepwise in its own deceptive progression | 98 | |
| 1697637020 | Harmonic rhythm | The rate of chord change, or the series of durational patterns formed by the chord changes in a musical work. | 99 | |
| 1697637021 | modulation | change of tone within a piece | 100 | |
| 1697637022 | common tone modulation | using one or more tones that are common to both keys as an intersection b/w them | 101 | |
| 1697637023 | Phrase modulation | modulations without common chords or tones | 102 | |
| 1697637024 | Pivot chord modulation | using one or more chords that are common to both keys as an intersection b/w them | 103 | |
| 1697637025 | Neighboring chord | lol | 104 | |
| 1697637026 | Retrogression | series of chords that weaken tonality | 105 | |
| 1697637027 | secondary dominant | the V or Dominant of a key other than Tonic | 106 | |
| 1697637028 | secondary leading tone chord | A leading-tone chord that functions as an applied, or secondary, dominant; usually a fully diminished seventh chord. | 107 | |
| 1697637029 | tonicization | a chord other than tonic that seems to the ear to be a temporary tonic | 108 | |
| 1697637030 | Arpeggiating 6/4 chord | a 6/4 created by arpeggiation of the triad in the bass | 109 | |
| 1697637031 | cadential 6/4 chord | a 1 6/4 preceding the dominant, often at a cadence, although it contains the notes of the tonic triad, it doesn't exercise a tonic function but rather serves as an embellishment of the dominant. it occurs in a metrically stronger position than the dominant and the upper voices most often move by step to the tones of the dominant. may also be written as V6/4=5/3, including the resolution of the cadential 6/4 to the dominant. | 110 | |
| 1697637032 | Neighboring of pedal 6/4 chord | (embellishing 6/4, auxilary 6/4) occurs when the third and the fifth of a root position triad are embellished by their respective upper neighboring tones, while the bass is stationary, usually occurring on a weak beat. | 111 | |
| 1697637033 | passing 6/4 chord | harmonizes the second note of a three note ascending or descending scale fragment in the bass; that is, it harmonizes a bass passing tone. the usual metric placement is on an unaccented beat and the motion of the upper voices is ordinarily by step. | 112 | |
| 1697637034 | anticipation | approached by step or leap, same tone as following note | 113 | |
| 1697637035 | appoggiatura | approached by leap, resolved by step | 114 | |
| 1697637036 | escape tone | approached by step, resolved by leap | 115 | |
| 1697637037 | embellishment | melodic decoration | 116 | |
| 1697637038 | neighboring tone can be known as... | (auxiliary tone, embellishing tone, neighbor note) | 117 | |
| 1697637039 | double neighboring tone | involves one note on top of the other | 118 | |
| 1697637040 | lower neighbor | approached by step down, resolved by step to the original note | 119 | |
| 1697637041 | upper neighbor | approached by step up, resolved by step down to the original note | 120 | |
| 1697637042 | neighbor group (cambiata, changing tones, changing notes) | oh | 121 | |
| 1697637043 | ornament | nonharmonic tones | 122 | |
| 1697637044 | passing tone | approach my step, resolve by step, moving in the same direction | 123 | |
| 1697637045 | pedal point | suspension of same note throughout | 124 | |
| 1697637046 | preparation | tone preceding suspension | 125 | |
| 1697637047 | resolution | When the dissonant note is changed to a consonant one. | 126 | |
| 1697637048 | retardation | opposite of a suspension; resolves up instead of down | 127 | |
| 1697637049 | suspension | a tone held from one chord into another, and then resolved down to the chordal note | 128 | |
| 1697637050 | closed position | notes placed as close as possible on the staff | 129 | |
| 1697637051 | doubling | to duplicate a note into another octave | 130 | |
| 1697637052 | open position | wide intervals between parts | 131 | |
| 1697637053 | root | the note a chord is built on | 132 | |
| 1697637054 | root position | root is in the bass | 133 | |
| 1697637055 | common tone | a tone that is common in two chords | 134 | |
| 1697637056 | contrary motion | when two parts move in opposite directions | 135 | |
| 1697637057 | cross relation | when a note sounds with its altered equivalent | 136 | |
| 1697637058 | crossed voices | when an upper voice goes bellow a note used previously in a lower voice, and vice versa | 137 | |
| 1697637059 | direct fifths/direct octaves | when the outside voices move in the same direction | 138 | |
| 1697637060 | oblique motion | the relative motion of two melodic parts in which one remains in place or moves relatively little while the other moves more actively. | 139 | |
| 1697637061 | overlapping voices | when an upper voice is lower than a voice lower than it, and vice versa | 140 | |
| 1697637062 | parallel motion | when two voice parts move in the same direction | 141 | |
| 1697637063 | objectionable parallels | no | 142 | |
| 1697637064 | parallel fifths | when two parts move in the same direction, staying in fifths | 143 | |
| 1697637065 | parallel octaves | when two parts move in the same direction, staying in octaves | 144 | |
| 1697637066 | similar motion | In part-writing, similar motion is the situation in which two voices of the composition move in the same direction, either ascending or descending, but they do not necessarily cover the same interval. | 145 | |
| 1697637067 | tendency tone | note that tends to move in one direction or another | 146 | |
| 1697637068 | unresolved leading tone | when the leading tone isn't resolved up to the tonic | 147 | |
| 1697637069 | unresolved seventh | when the seven in a chord isn't resolved down by step | 148 | |
| 1697637070 | voice exchange | the repetition of a contrapuntal passage with the voices' parts exchanged. EX: Voice 1: a b voice 2: b a | 149 | |
| 1697637071 | arpeggio | broken chord | 150 | |
| 1697637072 | chormatic | not in the key a scale that moves by half steps | 151 | |
| 1697637073 | common practice style | obeys two different kinds of musical norms: first, it uses conventionalized sequences of chords, such as I-IV-V-I. Second, it obeys specific contrapuntal norms, such as the avoidance of parallel fifths and octaves. | 152 | |
| 1697637074 | consonance | pleasing to the ear | 153 | |
| 1697637075 | diatonic | in the key | 154 | |
| 1697637076 | dissonance | not pleasing to the ear | 155 | |
| 1697637077 | figured bass | arabic numerals that tell where the notes in the chord are placed | 156 | |
| 1697637078 | flatted fifth | flatted fifth note | 157 | |
| 1697637079 | lead sheet | sheet containing words and melody for a song written in simple form | 158 | |
| 1697637080 | picardy third | major third in tonic chord of minor key | 159 | |
| 1697637081 | resolution | do i really need to define this | 160 | |
| 1697637082 | compound interval | distance between two notes that exceeds an octave | 161 | |
| 1697637083 | half step | when you move from one note directly to the next | 162 | |
| 1697637084 | interval | distance between two notes | 163 | |
| 1697637085 | inversion of an interval | to turn an interval upside down | 164 | |
| 1697637086 | perfect interval | unison, fourth, fifth | 165 | |
| 1697637087 | major interval | second, third, sixth, seventh | 166 | |
| 1697637088 | minor interval | second, third, sixth, seventh. Lowers them by one half step. | 167 | |
| 1697637089 | diminished interval | second, third, sixth, and seventh are lowered another half step from minor. unison, fourth, fifth are lowered from their perfect form | 168 | |
| 1697637090 | augmented interval | when any interval is raised from its original form | 169 | |
| 1697637091 | Tritone | augmented fourth, or diminished fifth | 170 | |
| 1697637092 | unison | one note is played/sung | 171 | |
| 1697637093 | whole step | two half steps | 172 | |
| 1697637094 | antiphonal | responsive | 173 | |
| 1697637095 | articulation | the style in which an individual note is played | 174 | |
| 1697637096 | arco | with the bow | 175 | |
| 1697637097 | legato | smoothly | 176 | |
| 1697637098 | marcatto | marked | 177 | |
| 1697637099 | pizzicato | plucking the strings | 178 | |
| 1697637100 | slur | to sing to a single syllable or play without a break (two or more tones of different pitch) | 179 | |
| 1697637101 | staccato | short, detached | 180 | |
| 1697637102 | tenuto | hold | 181 | |
| 1697637103 | call and response | what the name says? | 182 | |
| 1697637104 | dynamics | marks the volume of the song | 183 | |
| 1697637105 | crescendo | gradually louder | 184 | |
| 1697637106 | diminuendo/decrescendo | gradually softer | 185 | |
| 1697637107 | terrace dynamics | volume levels shift quickly | 186 | |
| 1697637108 | pianissimo | pp very soft | 187 | |
| 1697637109 | piano | p soft | 188 | |
| 1697637110 | mezzo piano | mp medium soft | 189 | |
| 1697637111 | mezzo forte | mf medium loud | 190 | |
| 1697637112 | forte | f loud | 191 | |
| 1697637113 | fortissimo | ff very loud | 192 | |
| 1697637114 | phrasing | a division of a composition, commonly a passage of four or eight measures, forming part of a period. | 193 | |
| 1697637115 | tempo | the speed of the piece | 194 | |
| 1697637116 | adagio | slow and stately | 195 | |
| 1697637117 | allegro | fast and bright | 196 | |
| 1697637118 | andante | walking speed | 197 | |
| 1697637119 | andantino | slightly faster than andante | 198 | |
| 1697637120 | grave | slow and solemn | 199 | |
| 1697637121 | largo | very slow | 200 | |
| 1697637122 | lento | very very slow | 201 | |
| 1697637123 | moderato | moderately | 202 | |
| 1697637124 | presto | very fast | 203 | |
| 1697637125 | vivace | lively and fast | 204 | |
| 1697637126 | accelerando | gradually speed up | 205 | |
| 1697637127 | ritardando | gradually slower | 206 | |
| 1697637128 | ritenuto | gradually decreasing tempo | 207 | |
| 1697637129 | rubato | to be played with a flexible tempo | 208 | |
| 1697637130 | accent | stress | 209 | |
| 1697637131 | agogic accent | stress given to a note through prolonged duration. | 210 | |
| 1697637132 | dynamic accent | occurs when performer emphasizes a tone by playing it more loudly than the tones around it | 211 | |
| 1697637133 | metrical accent | The pattern of strong and weak beats based on the "weight" of the downbeat and the "lift" of the upbeat. | 212 | |
| 1697637134 | anacrusis | pickup note or figure | 213 | |
| 1697637135 | asymmetrical meter | A compound meter with beat units of unequal duration. These irregular beat lengths are typically (though not always) created by five or seven beat divisions, grouped into beat lengths such as 2 + 3 or 2 + 3 + 2. | 214 | |
| 1697637136 | bar line | the line that shows where one measure stops and one begins | 215 | |
| 1697637137 | beat | the pulse in a song | 216 | |
| 1697637138 | compound beat | a beat that subdivides into three parts | 217 | |
| 1697637139 | simple beat | a beat that subdivides into two parts | 218 | |
| 1697637140 | changing meter | a common trait in 20th-century music; time signature changes frequently and unpredictably; a rejection of standard metrical patterns in favor of non-symmetrical groupings (Bartok & Concerto for Orchestra) | 219 | |
| 1697637141 | cross rhythm (polyrhythm) | Two conflicting rhythms used at the same time. Also known as polyrhythm. | 220 | |
| 1697637142 | dot on the side of a note | takes half the length of the note its beside | 221 | |
| 1697637143 | dotted rhythm | long-short rhythmic pattern in which a dotted note is followed by a note that is much shorter | 222 | |
| 1697637144 | duplet | A group of two notes played in the time usually taken to play three | 223 | |
| 1697637145 | hemiola | a shift in the rhythmic pulse from a division of 2 to a division of 3, or vice versa. i.e. 6-8 time meter into 3-4 time meter. | 224 | |
| 1697637146 | irregular meter | asymmetrical groupings with different numbers of beats per measure | 225 | |
| 1697637147 | meter | how the pulse/beat is established | 226 | |
| 1697637148 | duple meter | 2 beats per measure | 227 | |
| 1697637149 | quadruple meter | four beats per measure | 228 | |
| 1697637150 | triple meter | three beats a measure | 229 | |
| 1697637151 | rhythm | the rate at which notes are played | 230 | |
| 1697637152 | swing rhythm | Rhythm where notes with equal written time values are performed with unequal durations, usually as alternating long and short. | 231 | |
| 1697637153 | syncopation | the accenting of musical beats not normally accented; notes that aren't played on the beat. | 232 | |
| 1697637154 | tempo | the rate at which music is played | 233 | |
| 1697637155 | tie | when a note in one measure is held into the next | 234 | |
| 1697637156 | time signature | the top number is the number of beats in the measure. the bottom number is the note that gets the beat. | 235 | |
| 1697637157 | triplet | three notes played in the space of one or two. | 236 | |
| 1697637158 | accidental | alters a note up or down a half step | 237 | |
| 1697637159 | major scale | In the key of C (up and down): C D E F G A B C B A G F E D C | 238 | |
| 1697637160 | harmonic minor scale | In the key of a (up and down): a b c d e f g# a g# f e d c b a | 239 | |
| 1697637161 | Melodic minor scale | in the key of a (up and down): a b c d e f# g# a g f e d c b a | 240 | |
| 1697637162 | Ionian scale | A major scale | 241 | |
| 1697637163 | Dorian scale | natural minor with a raised 6 | 242 | |
| 1697637164 | phrygian scale | natural minor with a flat 2 | 243 | |
| 1697637165 | lydian scale | major scale with raised 4 | 244 | |
| 1697637166 | mixolydian scale | major scale with flat 7 | 245 | |
| 1697637167 | aeolian scale | natural minor scale | 246 | |
| 1697637168 | locrian scale | natural minor scale with a flat 2 and 5 | 247 | |
| 1697637169 | modality | the state of being modal | 248 | |
| 1697637170 | parallel key | two keys that share the same tonic but NOT the same key | 249 | |
| 1697637171 | pentatonic | scale that has five notes to an octave (think Asian music) | 250 | |
| 1697637172 | relative key | 2 scales that have the same key, but not the same tonic. | 251 | |
| 1697637173 | tetrachord | Series of four notes having a pattern of whole step, whole step, half step | 252 | |
| 1697637174 | tonality, tonal | Principle of organization around a tonic, or home, pitch, based on a major or minor scale. | 253 | |
| 1697637175 | whole tone scale | moving only by whole steps | 254 | |
| 1697637176 | melismatic | notes sung to one syllable | 255 | |
| 1697637177 | syllabic | one note per syllable | 256 | |
| 1697637178 | alberti bass | 1 5 3 5; broken base | 257 | |
| 1697637179 | canon | a contrapuntal piece of music in which a melody in one part is imitated exactly in other parts, starting at different points. | 258 | |
| 1697637180 | chordal accompaniment | The underlying harmonic support for a melody; chords may be blocked or broken. | 259 | |
| 1697637181 | contrapuntal, counterpoint | voices working against each other | 260 | |
| 1697637182 | imitation | a copy that is represented as the original | 261 | |
| 1697637183 | imitative polyphony | technique in which each phrase of a composition is addressed by all the voices, which enter successively in imitation of each other | 262 | |
| 1697637184 | nonimitative polyphony | two or more melodic lines playing distinct melodies | 263 | |
| 1697637185 | countermelody | Accompanying melody sounding against the principle melody | 264 | |
| 1697637186 | fugal imitation | imitation of the subject which enters at a different pitch level; almost like a sequence | 265 | |
| 1697637187 | heterophony, heterophonic | one melodic line being improvised upon | 266 | |
| 1697637188 | homophony, homophonic | melodic accompaniment | 267 | |
| 1697637189 | chordal homphony | sameness, regarding rhythm and melody | 268 | |
| 1697637190 | chordal texture (homorhythmic) | a type of homophonic texture, with pitches sounding simultaneously | 269 | |
| 1697637191 | brass | the section of a band or orchestra that plays brass instruments | 270 | |
| 1697637192 | continuo | a bass part written out in full and accompanied by numbers to indicate the chords to be played | 271 | |
| 1697637193 | percussion | the section of a band or orchestra that plays percussion instruments | 272 | |
| 1697637194 | rhythm section | the section within a jazz band, usually consisting of drums, double bass, piano, banjo, and/or guitar, that establishes the harmony and rhythm | 273 | |
| 1697637195 | strings | the section of an orchestra that plays stringed instruments | 274 | |
| 1697637196 | timbre | the distinguishing quality of a sound | 275 | |
| 1697637197 | woodwinds | wind instruments that include the piccolo, flute, oboe, english horn, clarinet, bassoon, and saxophone | 276 | |
| 1697637198 | monophony, monophonic | one tone | 277 | |
| 1697637199 | obbligato | a part of the score that must be performed without change or omission | 278 | |
| 1697637200 | ostinato | a musical phrase repeated over and over during a composition | 279 | |
| 1697637201 | polyphony, polyphonic | many voices/tones | 280 | |
| 1697637202 | contrapuntal | having two or more independent but harmonically related melodic parts sounding together | 281 | |
| 1697637203 | tessitura | most widely used range of pitches in a piece of music | 282 | |
| 1697637204 | walking bass | a bass line that moves at a moderate pace, mostly in equal note values, and often stepwise up or down the scale | 283 | |
| 1697637205 | Aria | A song from a larger work | 284 | |
| 1697637206 | Art song | a song that stands alone | 285 | |
| 1697637207 | concterto | solo instrument and orchestra | 286 | |
| 1697637208 | fugue | a musical form consisting of a theme repeated a fifth above or a fourth below its first statement | 287 | |
| 1697637209 | genre | style, category of music | 288 | |
| 1697637210 | opera | staged vocal work | 289 | |
| 1697637211 | prelude | a part of a song before the main section | 290 | |
| 1697637212 | postlude | a part of the song after the main section | 291 | |
| 1697637213 | sonata | ABA form | 292 | |
| 1697637214 | string quartet | 2 violins, a viola, and a cello | 293 | |
| 1697637215 | symphony | a piece for an orchestra with many movements. | 294 | |
| 1697637216 | modulation | a change of key within a piece | 295 | |
| 1697637217 | pizzicado | plucked string (tighten or loosen pegs to change pitch) | 296 | |
| 1697637218 | Changing tone | Approach by step, jump a third, resolve by step to the original note. | 297 |
Chapter 8 - America Secedes from the Empire Flashcards
Chapter 8 The American Pageant - 12th Edition
Terms : Hide Images
| 1681937239 | George Washington | Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States. | 0 | |
| 1681937240 | William Howe | During the summer of 1776, he led hundreds of British ships and 32,000 British soldiers to New York, and offered Congress the choice between surrender with royal pardon and a battle against the odds, and despite having far fewer troops, the Americans rejected the offer. Bunker Hill. | 1 | |
| 1681937241 | Nathaniel Greene | Quaker-raised American general who employed tactics of fighting and then drawing back to recover, then attacking again. Defeated Cornwallis by thus "fighting Quaker". | 2 | |
| 1681937242 | Benedict Arnold | He had been a Colonel in the Connecticut militia at the outbreak of the Revolution and soon became a General in the Continental Army. He won key victories for the colonies in the battles in upstate New York in 1777, and was instrumental in General Gates victory over the British at Saratoga. After becoming Commander of Philadelphia in 1778, he went heavily into debt, and in 1780, he was caught plotting to surrender the key Hudson River fortress of West Point to the British in exchange for a commission in the royal army. He is the most famous traitor in American history. | 3 | |
| 1681937243 | John Burgoyne | British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 (1722-1792) | 4 | |
| 1681937244 | Charles Cornwallis | Commanding general of the British forces that were defeated at Yorktown in 1781, ending the American Revolution. | 5 | |
| 1681937245 | Thomas Paine | Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man | 6 | |
| 1681937246 | Barry St. Leger | Led British Army, tried to take Fort Stanwix but American Benedict Arnold drove him back. | 7 | |
| 1681937247 | George Rogers Clark | Leader of a small Patriot force that captured British-controlled Fort Vincennes in the Ohio Valley in 1779, secured the Northwest Territory for America. | 8 | |
| 1681937248 | Richard Henry Lee | Member of the Second Continental Congress who urged Congress to support independence; signer of the Declaration of Independence. | 9 | |
| 1681937249 | Horatio Gates | Burgoyne was forced to surrender his command to this American general on October 17,1777 at the battle of Saratoga. | 10 | |
| 1681937250 | John Paul Jones | American naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792) said " I have not yet begun to fight." | 11 | |
| 1681937251 | Thomas Jefferson | Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. | 12 | |
| 1681937252 | Marquis de Lafayette | He was very rich and noble when he arrived in America at the age of 19 years old. He believed in the liberty that the Americans were fighting for and asked to help. He became a general on Washington's staff and fought hard. He was known as "the soldier's friend," and is buried in france but his grave is covered with earth from Bunker Hill. | 13 | |
| 1681937253 | Admiral de Grasse | operated a powerful French fleet in the West Indies. He advised America he was free to join with them in an assult on Cornwallis at Yorktown. Rochambeau's French army defended British by land and Admiral de Grasse blockaded them by sea. This resulted in Cornwallis's surrender on October 19, 1781. | 14 | |
| 1681937254 | Patrick Henry | a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799) | 15 | |
| 1681937255 | Comte de Rochambeau | Commanded a powerful French army of six thousand troops in the summer of 1780 and arrived in Newport, Rhode Island. They were planning a Franco - American attack on New York. | 16 | |
| 1681937256 | John Jay | United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829) | 17 | |
| 1681937257 | Ethan Allen | a soldier of the American Revolution whose troops helped capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British (1738-1789) | 18 | |
| 1681937258 | Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create. | 19 | |
| 1681937259 | Richard Montgomery | A formerly British General, he then led the colonists. He led a successful attack into Montreal, then on to Quebec. Montgomery's attack on Quebec failed and he was killed, thus, the whole invasion into Canada failed. | 20 | |
| 1681937260 | King George III | King of England, stubborn, stupid, levied taxes even though he knew colonist would hate it, poor ruler, passed Quartering Act (Intolerable Acts) , hated colonists, wanted to show who's in charge | 21 | |
| 1681937261 | Mercenaries | hired soldiers | 22 | |
| 1681937262 | Natural Rights | the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property | 23 | |
| 1681937263 | Privateering | Privately owned armed ships specifically authorized by congress to prey on enemy shipping. There were over a thousand American privateers who responded to the call of patriotism and profit. The privateers brought in urgently needed gold, harassed the enemy, and raised American morale.(American Revolution, 1775-1783) | 24 | |
| 1681937264 | Republicanism | A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed. | 25 | |
| 1681937265 | Natural Aristocracy | to maintain social heirarchy; meaning ppl rise to pwr based on natural talent not heridity | 26 | |
| 1681937266 | Popular Consent | The idea that a just government must derive its powers from the consent of the people it governs. | 27 | |
| 1681937267 | Civic Virtue | notion that democracy depended on unselfish commitment to the public good | 28 | |
| 1681937268 | Second Continental Congress | They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence | 29 | |
| 1681937269 | Common Sense | a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation | 30 | |
| 1681937270 | Declaration of Independence | the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain | 31 | |
| 1681937271 | Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence | 32 | |
| 1681937272 | Tories | Loyalists | 33 | |
| 1681937273 | Patriots | Colonists who wanted independence from Britain | 34 | |
| 1681937274 | Whigs | Colonists | 35 | |
| 1681937275 | Treaty of Paris of 1783 | The British recognized the independence of the United States. It granted boundaries, which stretched from the Mississippi on the west, to the Great Lakes on the north, and to Spanish Florida on the south. The Yankees retained a share of Newfoundland. It greatly upset the Canadians. | 36 | |
| 1681937276 | Bunker Hill | a battle that took place on the strategic point of Breed's Hill. British victory on account of the depletion of American supplies. yet gave them confidence- It pushed Americans towards a final decision for war. | 37 | |
| 1681937277 | Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain. | 38 | |
| 1681937278 | Battle of Yorktown | Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. | 39 | |
| 1681937279 | Hessians | German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty. | 40 |
Chapter 7 - The Road to Revolution Flashcards
Chapter 7 - The Road to Revolution (1763-1775)
Terms : Hide Images
| 1741131834 | Republicanismt | a just society in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to the common good. | 0 | |
| 1741131835 | Radical Whigs | a group of British political commentators, made attacks on the use of patronage and bribes by the king's ministers. | 1 | |
| 1741131836 | Georgia | was the only colony to be formed by Britain. | 2 | |
| 1741131837 | Navigation Law of 1650 | stated that all goods flowing to and from the colonies could only be transported in British vessels. It was aimed to hurt rival Dutch shippers. | 3 | |
| 1741131838 | Sugar Act of 1764 | the first law ever passed by Parliament to raise tax revenue in the colonies for England. | 4 | |
| 1741131839 | Quartering Act of 1765 | required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops. | 5 | |
| 1741131840 | Stamp Act | In 1765, mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of tax. | 6 | |
| 1741131841 | Nonimportation agreements | agreements made to not import British goods were a stride toward unionism. | 7 | |
| 1741131842 | Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty | took the law into their own hands by enforcing the nonimportation agreements. | 8 | |
| 1741131843 | Stamp Act repealed | was repealed by Parliament in 1766. | 9 | |
| 1741131844 | Declaratory Act | Parliament passed the act, reaffirming its right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever. | 10 | |
| 1741131845 | Townshend Acts | In 1767, Parliament passed a light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea. | 11 | |
| 1741131846 | Boston Massacre | British officials, faced with a breakdown of law and order, landed 2 regiments of troops in the colonies in 1768. On March 5, 1770, a crowd of 60 townspeople attacked 10 redcoats and the redcoats opened fired on the civilians, killing/wounding 11 of them. | 12 | |
| 1741131847 | The Seditious Committees of Correspondence | Lord North was forced to persuade Parliament to repeal the Townshend revenue duties. | 13 | |
| 1741131848 | Samuel Adams | master propagandist and engineer of rebellion; formed the first local committee of correspondence in Massachusetts in 1772 (Sons of Liberty). | 14 | |
| 1741131849 | Committees of Correspondance | were created by the American colonies in order to maintain communication with one another. They were organized in the decade before the Revolution when communication between the colonies became essential. | 15 | |
| 1741131850 | Virginia House of Burgesses | In March of 1773, proposed that each colonial legislature appoint a standing committee for intercolonial correspondance. Within just a year, nearly all of the colonies had joined. | 16 | |
| 1741131851 | Boston Tea Party | In 1773, the British East India Company was overstocked with 17 million pounds of unsold tea. If the company collapsed, the London government would lose much money. Therefore, the London government gave the company a full monopoly of the tea sell in America. Fearing that it was trick to pay more taxes on tea, the Americans rejected the tea. When the ships arrived in the Boston harbor, the governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, forced the citizens to allow the ships to unload their tea. On December 16, 1773, a band of Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea. | 17 | |
| 1741131852 | Intolerable Acts | In 1774, Parliament punished the people of Massachusetts for their actions in the Boston Tea Party. Parliament passed laws which restricted colonists' rights. The laws made restrictions on town meetings, and stated that enforcing officials who killed colonists in the line of duty would be sent to Britain for trial (where it was assumed they would be acquitted of their charges). | 18 | |
| 1741131853 | Boston Port Act | It closed the Boston harbor until damages were paid and order could be ensured, part of the Intolerable Acts. | 19 | |
| 1741131854 | Quebec Act | was also passed in 1774, but was not apart of the Intolerable Acts. It gave Catholic French Canadians religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law; this law nullified many of the Western claims of the coast colonies by extending the boundaries of the province of Quebec to the Ohio River on the south and to the Mississippi River on the west. | 20 | |
| 1741131855 | 1st Continental Congress | In 1774, met in Philadelphia in order to redress colonial grievances over the Intolerable Acts. The 13 colonies, excluding Georgia, sent 55 men to the convention. | 21 | |
| 1741131856 | The Association | was the most important outcome of the Congress. It called for a complete boycott of British goods; nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption. | 22 | |
| 1741131857 | rebel ringleaders | In April 1775, the British commander in Boston sent a detachment of troops to Lexington. They were to seize provisions of colonial gunpowder and to capture, Samuel Adams and John Hancock. | 23 | |
| 1741131858 | Lexington Massacre | 8 Americans were shot and killed. When the British went on to Concord, they were met with American resistance and there were over 300 casualties and 70 deaths. Because of this, the British had a war, rather than a rebellion on their hands. | 24 | |
| 1741131859 | Marquis de Lafayette | French who was made a major general in the colonial army at the age of 19; the "French Gamecock"; his services were invaluable in securing further aid from France. | 25 | |
| 1741131860 | Articles of Confederation | was adopted in 1781. It was the first written constitution adopted by colonists. Due to the lack of metallic money in America, Continental Congress was forced to print "Continental" paper money. Within a short time, this money depreciated significantly and individual states were forced to print their own paper money. | 26 | |
| 1741131861 | Valley Forge, Pennsylvania | American men went without food for 3 days in the winter of 1777-1778. | 27 | |
| 1741131862 | Baron von Steuben | German who helped to whip the America fighters into shape for fighting the British. | 28 | |
| 1741131863 | Lord Dunmore | royal (British) governor of Virginia. In 1775, he issued a proclamation promising freedom for any enslaved black in Virginia who joined the British army. | 29 | |
| 1741131864 | Prime Minister George Grenville | the main man that enforced the Navigation Laws | 30 |
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