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UNIT 10/11
Personality- a person?s pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Type A Personality
Feel time pressure.
Easily angered.
Competitive and ambitious.
Work hard and play hard.
More prone to heart disease than rest of population.
Type B Personality
Relaxed and easygoing.
But some people fit in neither type.
Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
Fathered by Sigmund Freud.
Idea of the Libido moving to different parts of our body.
Stages of Psycho-Sexual Development
Oral
Anal
UNIT 6 NOTES
Learning- long lasting change in behavior due to experience (relatively permanent change in an organism?s behavior due to experience)
Association- Learning to associate two events
We learn by association
Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence
Aristotle 2000 years ago
John Locke and David Hume 200 years ago
Associative Learning
learning that two events occur together
two stimuli
a response and its consequence
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Studied Digestion of Dogs.
UNIT 5: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
When we are awake we are in a state of consciousness which is defined by our awareness of ourselves and our surroundings
The iceberg example is used a means of explaining Freud?s theorem of the levels of consciousness- conscious, subconscious, unconscious
Biological Rhythms
Annual Cycles: seasonal variations (bears hibernation, seasonal affective disorder)
28 day cycles: menstrual cycle.
24 hour cycle: our circadian rhythm
90 minute cycle: sleep cycles.
Circadian Rhythm
UNIT 4: SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
Sensation: your window to the world
Sensation
a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus (or physical) energy and encode it as neural signals.
Our sensory and perceptual processes work together to help us sort out complex processes
Bottom-Up Processing
analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain?s integration of sensory information
Top-Down Processing
information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
PHRENOLOGY
-Invented by Franz Gall in the early 1800?s
-A theory that claimed that bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and character traits
The Nervous System
It starts with an individual nerve cell called a NEURON
Neuroanatomy
Synapse Synapse
UNIT 2 NOTES: Research Methods
The Need for Psychological Science
Critical Thinking
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
examines assumptions
discerns hidden values
evaluates evidence
Three hurdles that tend to skew our logic:
Hindsight Bias
The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that you knew it all along
Overconfidence
We tend to think we know more than we do
The Barnum Effect
UNIT 1 NOTES:
Psychology: The study of our inner feelings and behaviors (our feelings do not always match our behaviors
Psychology has Greek roots- ?psyche-? means ?mind? and is separate & distinct from the physical body. ?-ology? is a field of study, the ?study of the mind?
History of Psychology: Although the science of psychology started in the late 1800?s, the concept has been around a lot longer.
There was evidence of trephination (cutting holes into a skull to let evil spirits out) back in the Stone Age.
Introspection:
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Psychology is the scientific study of thought and behavior. Psychologists study how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, and
actions, and how internal and external environments affect them. Four primary goals of psychology: describe behavior,
explain behavior, predict behavior, influence behavior.
AP PSYCH REVIEW NOTES
Unit 1: History and Approaches
Introduction
People have brains?the most complex thing known in the universe.
People have minds?non-physical but undoubtedly real.
People are naturally interested in other people and in what goes on in our minds.
Psychology?s roots
Buddha, Confucius, and Hebrew scholars philosophized on the mind in a broad sense.
The ancient Greeks philosophized on the mind as well.
Amber Lankhorst
Human Anatomy Notes:
Body Planes and Regions-
ANATOMICAL BRAIN NOTES
The Whole Brain:
Overview
Math 273 ? Lab 1 ? F 07
Curve Balls and Vectors
Does a baseball pitch really curve or is it some sort of optical illusion? Assume the pitcher's mound is at the point (60, 0, 0) and that home plate is at the origin of our coordinate system. Suppose the pitcher throws the ball toward home plate and gives it a spin of s revolutions per second about a vertical axis through the center of the ball. This spin is described by the spin vector s where s points along the axis of revolution with length s.
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