Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration, c. 1750 to c. 1900 Key Concept 5.1. Industrialization and Global Capitalism Industrialization fundamentally altered the production of goods around the world. It not only changed how goods were produced and consumed, as well as what was considered a ?good,? but it also had far-reaching effects on the global economy, social relations, and culture. Although it is common to speak of an ?Industrial Revolution,? the process of industrialization was a gradual one that unfolded over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, eventually becoming global. Industrialization fundamentally changed how goods were produced. A variety of factors led to the rise of industrial production.