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Biology

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Chapter 20 & 22

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Chapter 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology Overview: Human genome sequencing Completed in 2003 One method to sequence genome is where nucleotides of DNA strand are passed through pores in membrane and changes in electrical current are used to determine nucleotide sequence DNA technology Used to sequence and manipulate DNA and find out how they affect gene expression Biotechnology Manipulation of organisms or components to make useful products 20.1: DNA sequencing and DNA cloning are valuable tools for genetic engineering and biological inquiry Nucleic acid hybridization Base pairing of one strand of nucleic acid to complementary sequence on another nucleic acid molecule Genetic Engineering Direct manipulation of gene for practical purposes DNA sequencing

Chapter 7: Cell Membrane- 10e Campbell-Reece

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AP Biology- Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function Plasma Membrane 8 nm thick Controls all cell traffic Separates cell from surroundings Selective permeability Allows some substances to cross easier than others Earliest evolution- formation of membrane than allowed a cell to enclose a solution different from its surroundings Ability of cell to discriminate in exchange with the environment Concept 7.1- Cellular Membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Plasma Membrane Made mostly of lipids and proteins and has some carbohydrates Made of phospholipids Amphipathic Contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances Phospholipids and most membrane proteins are amphipathic Fluid Mosaic Model Membrane is FLUID structure with embedded and attached proteins Gorter and Grendel

Cell Cycle Graphic

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Holt McDougal Chapter 5 Vocab

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Biology
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Name: Class: Date: Cell Growth and Division Vocabulary Practice Answer Key ? A. Analogy Vocabulary Set 1. D5; A7 2. D3; A8 3. D1; A4 4. D6; A6 5. D4; A1 6. D7; A2 7. D8; A3 8. D2; A5 B. Compound Word Puzzle 1. prophase; Sample answer: nuclear envelope breaks down 2. stem cell; Sample answer: remains differentiated for long periods of time 3. metaphase; Sample answer: second phase of mitosis 4. telophase; Sample answer: nuclear envelope starts to form again 5. anaphase; Sampie answer: third phase of mitosis 6. cancer; Sample answer: characterized by the formation of tumors 7. cytokinesis; Sample answer: cell membrane pinches together in animal cells 8. chromosome; Sample answer: a long continuous thread of DNA wrapped around organizing proteins

bio chap 10

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Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 10.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants? A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one. D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue. Answer: C Topic: Concept 10.1 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

Answer Key for POGIL - 8. Organelles in Eukaryote Cells

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Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells 1 Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells What are the functions of different organelles in a cell? Why? The cell is the basic unit and building block of all living things. Organisms rely on their cells to perform all necessary functions of life. Certain functions are carried out within different structures of the cell. These structures are called organelles. Model 1 ? How Is a Cell Like a Factory? Part of factory Cell organelle Function Control room (E) Nucleus Contains and protects genetic material (DNA) Factory manager DNA/chromo- somes Information for making proteins Assembly workers (F) Ribosomes Make proteins Production line (B) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Transports and finishes proteins and other biologi- cal molecules

Shoulder

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Shoulder Girdle Muscles 1) Trapezius O: base of skull, occipital protuberance, spinous process of C7- T12 I: clavicle and scapular spine A: elevation of scapula, extension and rotation of the head and neck/ elevation upward rotation, and adduction of the scapula/ depression, adduction, and upward rotation of the scapula N: CN XI and C3,4 2) Levator Scapulae O: transverse process of C1-4 I: medial scapula above scapular spine A: elevates medial margin of scapula N: Dorsal Scapula 3) Rhomboid O: spinous process of C7-T5 I: medial scapula below spine A: adduction, downward rotation, and elevation N: Dorsal Scapula 4) Serratus Anterior O: upper 9 ribs at side of chest I: Anterior aspect of medial border of scapula A: Abduction, upward rotation

Anatomy - Shoulder Musculature

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Shoulder Joint Muscles 1) Deltoid O: Ant fibers: clavicle Middle: Acromion Posterior: Spine of Scapula I: Deltoid tuberosity A: Ant: abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation Middle: Abduction Posterior abduction, extension, horizontal abduction, external rotation N: Axillary 2) Pectoralis Major O: Medial half of clavicle, costal cartilage of 1st 6 ribs and sternum I: intertubercular groove of humerus A: Upper: internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion, abduction, adduction Lower: internal rotation, horizontal adduction, adduction and extension N: Upper : lateral pectoral Lower: Medial pectoral 3) Latissimus dorsi O: Posterior crest of ilium, sacrum, and lumber and T6-12, lower 3 ribs

Anatomy - Hip Musculature

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Muscles of the Hip 1) Iliopsoas m. O: T12, L1-5, inner surface of ilium I: pectineal line and lesser trochanter A: Flexion of Hip, Ext rotation of Femur, transverse pelvis rotation contralateraly when the ipsilateral hip is stabilized N: lumbar and femoral n. 2) Sartorius m. O: anterosuperior iliac spine I: anterior medial condyle of the tibia A: Flexion of hip and knee, ext rotation of thigh as it flexes the hip and knee, abduction of hip, anterior pelvic rotation N: Femoral n. 3) Rectus Femoris m. (only quad that crosses 2 jts.) O: anteroinferior iliac spine I: patella and tibial tuberosity A: Flexion of hip, extension of knee, anterior pelvic rotation N: Femoral n. 4) Tensor Fascia Latae m. O: anterior iliac crest I: Gerdy?s tubercle

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