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Notes: Chpt 16 Western Civilization, Spielvogel

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AP psych chapter6 study guide

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Chapter 6 Study Guide: Learning Ivan Pavlov: A prominent Russian psychologist that first described the process of classical conditioning. He made his discovery while he was studying the role of saliva in the digestive processes of dogs. He was the ?Meat powder ? Ring of Bell ? Salivate? researcher. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning: A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus (Example: The bell replaces the meat powder as a stimulus for salivating.) [Responses elicited = involuntary] UCS: A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning. (Example: Meat Powder)

AP psych chapter 1/2 study guide

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Chapters 1 & 2 Study Guide: Evolution & Research Enterprise ? Chapter 1 Key People: Carl Rogers: One of the most prominent architects of the humanistic movement. He, along with Abraham Maslow, argues that human behavior is governed primarily by each individual?s sense of self, or ?self-concept? ? which animals presumably lack. He argued that in order to fully understand human behavior, psychologists must take into account the fundamental human drive toward personal growth. He asserted that people have a basic need to continue to evolve as human beings and fulfill their potentials.

The Evolution of Psychology

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Grant Clay Period 3 8/26/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology Red ? Definition of Key Terms Green ? Important People & Contributions Blue ? Important Points How Psychology Developed Psychology ? The Scientific Study of Behavior and Mental Processes. Mental Processes = Physiological and Cognitive Processes. Psychology comes from two Greek words. ?Psyche? = Soul, and ?Logos? = the Study of a Subject Psychology became a Scientific Discipline In 1870?s The Contributions of Wundt and Hall Philosophy + Physiology = Psychology Wilhelm Wundt German Professor. Campaigned to make Psychology an independent Scientific Discipline. Established first Psychology Laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig.

Variations in Consciousness

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AP Psychology Outline Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness ? Red?? Definition Blue?- Important Points Green?- Important People & Contributions ? Nature of Consciousness Consciousness ? the awareness of Internal and External stimuli. ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????i.??????You?re ?Stream of Consciousness? Zig-Zags in all directions. Variations in Levels of Awareness ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????i.??????Freud?s Arguments 1.????????Unconscious Needs, Wishes, and Conflicts influence Behavior and Feelings. 2.????????Conscious and Unconscious are Different Levels of Awareness. 3.????????Consciousness is not an All-Or-None process.

Learning

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Grant Clay Period 3 9/27/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 6: Learning Red ? Definition Blue - Important Points Green - Important People & Contributions Learning ? Any relatively durable Change in Behavior or Knowledge that is due to Experience. Conditioning ? Learning Associations between events that occur in an Organisms Environment. Classical Conditioning Phobias ? Irrational Fears of specific Objects or Situations. Classical Conditioning ? Type of Learning in which a Stimulus acquires the Capacity to Evoke a Response that was originally evoked by another Stimulus. Ivan Pavlov Pavlovian Conditioning Pavlov?s Dogs ? Prior to Dogs being Fed Meat, a Clicking Noise Occurred. Dogs started Salivating After awhile when the Click Occurred, prior to the Meat being given.

Motivation and Emotion

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Grant Clay Period 3 10/25/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 10: Motivation & Emotion Red ? Definition Blue - Important Points Green - Important People & Contributions Motivational Theories & Concepts Motivation ? Involves Goal-Directed Behavior Drive Theories Homeostasis ? A State of Physiological Equilibrium or Stability. Drive ? An Internal State of Tension that Motivates an Organism to Engage in Activities that should Reduce this Tension. When you Experience Discomfort, An Internal Drive motivates you to Establish Homeostasis again. Drive Theories Don?t Explain All Motivation. Incentive Theory Incentive ? An External Goal that has the Capacity to Motivate Behavior. Incentive Theory revolves around External Stimuli, Not Internal like Drive Theory.

Human Development across Lifespan

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Grant Clay Period 3 11/2/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 11: Human Development across Lifespan Red ? Definition Blue - Important Points Green - Important People & Contributions Development ? Sequence of Age-Related Changes that occur as a Person Progresses from Conception until Death. Prenatal Development Zygote ? 1 Celled Organism formed by Union of Sperm and an Egg. Prenatal Period ? Period from Conception to Birth, usually 9 Months of Pregnancy. Prenatal Development Germinal Stage ? First Phase of Prenatal Development, encompassing the first 2 Weeks after Conception. Placenta ? Structure that allows Oxygen & Nutrients to pass into Fetus from the Mother?s Bloodstream and Bodily Waste to Pass Out the Mother.

chapter_16_restruction_a_partial_revolution_1865-1877_pg_1

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