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Behaviorism

Myers 8e Review (Prologue-Ch.13)

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12 WEEK COMP REVIEW (PROLOGUE-CH. 13) UNIT ONE: RESEARCH, NEUROSCIENCE, & GENETICS (PRO.-CH. 3) Random sample: sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. Hindsight bias: the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all along phenomenon.) The false consensus effect: the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors. Survey research: a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.

Psyc Ch. 5-8

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CHAPTER 5 Consciousness - awareness of internal and external stimuli (personal awareness) subjective and private, dynamic, self-reflective and central to our sense of ?self? always moving, changing, and flowing William James (1902) called it the stream of consciousness Sigmund Freud (1900) believed that this stream of consciousness had depth. consciousness is not an all-or-none principle conscious and unconscious processes are different levels of awareness Electroencephalograph (EEG) - a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp. (Records brain waves) Electromypograph (EMG) - records muscular activity and tension Electrooculograph (EOG) - records eye movements

Psyc Ch. 5-7, 9

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CHAPTER 5 Consciousness - awareness of internal and external stimuli (personal awareness) subjective and private dynamic self-reflective and central to our sense of ?self? always moving, changing, and flowing William James (1902) called it the stream of consciousness Sigmund Freud (1900) believed that this stream of consciousness had depth. consciousness is not an all-or-none principle conscious and unconscious processes are different levels of awareness Electroencephalograph (EEG) - a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp. (Records brain waves) Electromypograph (EMG) - records muscular activity and tension Electrooculograph (EOG) - records eye movements

Chapter 2 Test

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Levels of Consciousness preconscious- ideas are not in your awareness right now, but you could recall them if you had to unconscious (aka subconscious)- unavailable to awareness under most circumstances; info is hidden nonconscious- basic biological functions Altered States of Consciousness- in which a person?s sense of self or sense of the world changes. An example would be sleep. Circadian Rhythms- biological clocks Functions of Sleep- revive body, resist infection, recover from stress Biofeedback- a system that provides information about something happening in the body Classes of Drugs Depressants- drugs that slow the activity of the nervous system Alcohol Narcotics- relieve pain and induce sleep. Includes morphine, heroin, and codeine.

Weiten Chapter 6

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Chapter 6: Learning Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Response (CR) Figure 6.1 Classical conditioning apparatus Figure 6.2 The sequence of events in classical conditioning Figure 6.3 Classical conditioning of a fear response Basic Processes in Classical Conditioning Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous recovery Stimulus generalization Stimulus discrimination Higher-order conditioning Figure 6.6 Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery Figure 6.8 Higher-order conditioning Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner (1953) ? principle of reinforcement ?Skinner box? Emission of response Reinforcement contingencies Cumulative recorder

Weiten Chapter 1

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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology Why Study Psychology? Psychology is practical Psychology is a powerful way of thinking Psychology teaches a healthy respect for the complexity of behavior From Speculation to Science: How Psychology Developed Prior to 1879 Physiologists and philosophers studying questions about the mind Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) University of Leipzig, Germany Campaigned to make psychology an independent discipline Established the first laboratory for the study of psychology in 1879 Psychology was born Figure 1.1 Early Research Laboratories in North America The Battle of the ?Schools? Begins: Structuralism vs. Functionalism Structuralism ? Edward Titchener Analyze consciousness into basic elements

AP Psychology Study Guide & Vocabulary From Entire Year

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AP Psychology Grind Psychology: Science of behaviors and mental processes! Perspectives: Behaviorism- psychology should be an objective science, all behavior and no mental processes B.F. Skinner- Reinforcement, punishment, operant conditioning (Skinner Box) John B. Watson- ?Father of Behaviorism? Classical Conditioning (Baby Albert) Ivan Pavlov- Classical Conditioning- dog salivates to bell Edward Thorndike- The law of effect- rewarded behavior recurs, consequences Humanistic- emphasized on growth potential of healthy people, environment, kids need love Abraham Maslow- Hierarchy of Needs, self-actualization Carl Rogers- Client-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard, self theory, people have potential (acorn)

AP psych chapter6 study guide

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Chapter 6 Study Guide: Learning Ivan Pavlov: A prominent Russian psychologist that first described the process of classical conditioning. He made his discovery while he was studying the role of saliva in the digestive processes of dogs. He was the ?Meat powder ? Ring of Bell ? Salivate? researcher. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning: A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus (Example: The bell replaces the meat powder as a stimulus for salivating.) [Responses elicited = involuntary] UCS: A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning. (Example: Meat Powder)

AP psych chapter 1/2 study guide

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Chapters 1 & 2 Study Guide: Evolution & Research Enterprise ? Chapter 1 Key People: Carl Rogers: One of the most prominent architects of the humanistic movement. He, along with Abraham Maslow, argues that human behavior is governed primarily by each individual?s sense of self, or ?self-concept? ? which animals presumably lack. He argued that in order to fully understand human behavior, psychologists must take into account the fundamental human drive toward personal growth. He asserted that people have a basic need to continue to evolve as human beings and fulfill their potentials.

The Evolution of Psychology

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Grant Clay Period 3 8/26/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology Red ? Definition of Key Terms Green ? Important People & Contributions Blue ? Important Points How Psychology Developed Psychology ? The Scientific Study of Behavior and Mental Processes. Mental Processes = Physiological and Cognitive Processes. Psychology comes from two Greek words. ?Psyche? = Soul, and ?Logos? = the Study of a Subject Psychology became a Scientific Discipline In 1870?s The Contributions of Wundt and Hall Philosophy + Physiology = Psychology Wilhelm Wundt German Professor. Campaigned to make Psychology an independent Scientific Discipline. Established first Psychology Laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig.

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