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Glycolysis

Cellular Respiration Notes

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Cellular Respiration Wednesday, March 06, 2013 5:23 PM ? Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration - an ATP-generating process that occurs within cells; energy is extracted from energy-rich glucose to form ATP from ADP and phosphate C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Glucose + air = carbon dioxide + water + energy Aerobic respiration - cellular respiration in the presence of O2; divided into three components: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation ? Glycolysis Glycolysis - the decomposition (lysis) of glucose (glyco) to pyruvate (or pyruvic acid); nine intermediate products are formed and, of course, each one is catalyzed by an enzyme; in six of the steps, magnesium ions are cofactors that promote enzyme activity; summary of the steps:

cellular respiration

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Name ________________________________________ Date ______________ Period ____________ Overview of Cellular Respiration and Fermentation KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. MAIN IDEA: Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. 1. What is function of cellular respiration? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Does glucose actually react with oxygen during cellular respiration? Explain __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

cellular respiration

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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STUDY GUIDE FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular Respiration: Transfer of energy from organic compounds (especially GLUCOSE) to ATP. AEROBIC: cellular respiration WITH O2 ANEROBIC: cellular respiration WITHOUT O2 TWO STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION: STAGE 1: Glucose is converted to Pyruvate producing small amounts of ATP and NADH. STAGE 2: If O2, then: PYR and NADH make lots of ATP; if no O2, then Lactate or Ethanol and CO2 are produced. SEE FIGURE 10 FROM PAGE 104 IIN THE TEXTBOOK.

biology ch 9 guide

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

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Acetyl-CoA
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Kinase
Adenosine triphosphate

Cellular Respiration Other Metabolites & Control of Respiration Cellular respiration Beyond glucose: Other carbohydrates Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates fuels polysaccharides ? ? ? glucose hydrolysis other 6C sugars ? ? ? glucose modified ex. starch, glycogen ex. galactose, fructose Beyond glucose: Proteins N H H C?OH || O H | ?C? | R amino group = waste product excreted as ammonia, urea, or uric acid N H H C?OH || O H | ?C? | R waste glycolysis Krebs cycle proteins ? ? ? ? ? amino acids hydrolysis 2C sugar = carbon skeleton = enters glycolysis or Krebs cycle at different stages Beyond glucose: Fats fatty acids ? 2C acetyl ? acetyl ? Krebs groups coA cycle 3C glycerol enters

Cellular Respiration

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Cellular respiration is a cycle that occurs in both plant and animal cells. However, note that it does not occur in prokaryotic cells for they lack organelles. The first stage of cell respiration takes place outside the mitochondria and is called glycolosis. Here, glucose is converted to two pyruvates. Then through the Krebs Citric Acid Cycle, the pyruvate is changed to Acetyl-CoA and creates more ATP. Finally, the electron chain results in hydrogen ions being pumped out and then forced to diffuse back and in doing so, produce ATP through facilitated diffusion. In this manner, eukaryotic cells create ATP to power their cells.

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