Gilded Age
The Problems of Peace All rebel (Confederate) leaders were pardoned by President Johnson in 1868. Freedmen Define Freedom Emancipation took effect unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy. Some slaves resisted the liberating Union armies due to their loyalty to their masters. The church became the focus of black community life in the years following emancipation. Blacks formed their own churches pastured by their own ministers. Education also arose for the blacks due to the emancipation proclamation. Blacks now had the opportunity to learn to read and write. The Freedmen's Bureau Because many freedmen (those who were freed from slavery) were unskilled, unlettered,