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Proton

Organic Chemistry Lecture 13b

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Chapter 13 * The N + 1 Rule If a signal is split by N equivalent protons, it is split into N + 1 peaks. Chapter 13 Chapter 13 * Equivalent protons do not split each other. Protons bonded to the same carbon will split each other if they are nonequivalent. Protons on adjacent carbons normally will split each other. Protons separated by four or more bonds will not split each other. Spin-spin Splitting Distance Chapter 13 Chapter 13 * Long-Range Coupling When the hydrogen atoms are four bonds or more apart, spin-?spin splitting is not normally observed. When it actually does occur it is called ?long-range coupling.? Chapter 13 * Splitting for Ethyl Groups

AP Chem Notes

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South Pasadena ? AP Chemistry Name ________________________________ Period ___ Date ___/___/___ 2 ? Atoms and Elements ATOMIC STRUCTURE? Parts of Atoms: Most people already know that the atom is made up of three main parts, the _______________ and ______________ in the nucleus and the ______________ somewhere outside of the nucleus. Let?s summarize: proton neutron electron symbol charge location mass size (see below) Let?s make this more visual using information from the Chart of Fundamental Particles. If the proton were 10 cm in diameter? the size of an orange, how big would everything be? object actual size model size model proton 10-15 m 10 cm orange neutron 10-15 m electron 10-18 m atom 10-10 m

Chapter 2: Chemical Units and Their Identities

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ATOMS: - made of nucleus (protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral charge)) and electron cloud (electrons (negative charge) - smallest particle that still retains properties of element - atomic # - # of protons (unique to each element) (also # of electrons in neutral atoms) - mass # - # of protons + neutrons - atomic mass - actual (average) mass of atom (measured in daltons) - about mass # b/c electrons have very small mass compared to protons/neutrons - isotope - atom w/ more/less than usual # of neutrons ELECTRONS: - elemental form of element is when element is by itself - compound - joint of 2+ elements w/ own set of properties diff. from elements - elements in periodic table are arranged in atomic # and are in 18 columns (groups)

Fun facts about Calcium

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http://www.facts-about.org.uk/science-element-calcium.htm Name of Element : Calcium Symbol of Element : Ca Atomic Number of Calcium : 20 Atomic Mass: 40.078 amu Melting Point: 839.0 °C - 1112.15 °K Boiling Point: 1484.0 °C - 1757.15 °K Number of Protons/Electrons in Calcium : 20 Number of Neutrons in Calcium : 20 Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 1.55 g/cm3 Color of Calcium : silvery Facts about the Definition of the Element Calcium The Element Calcium is defined as...

Alpha and Beta Particles

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Alpha and Beta particles can be both emitted and bombarded with other elements. If a beta particle is a emitted then the original element gains a proton. If a Alpha particle is emitted then the original element looses two protons. And vice versa if the particle is bombared.
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