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Competition

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Ch.54 Community Ecology

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Ecology
Habitat
Biological interactions
Ecological niche
Competition
Community
Interspecific competition
Invasive species
Food web
Niche differentiation
Mutualism

Chapter 54: Community Ecology Community = group of populations of different species living close enough to interact Interspecific interactions Can be positive (+), negative (-) or neutral (0) Includes: Competition (-/-) Predation (+/-) Herbivory (+/-) Symbiosis ? parasitism, mutualism, commensalism Facilitation (+/+ or 0/+) Interspecific competition: resources are in short supply Species interaction is -/- Competitive exclusion principle: Two species cannot coexist in a community if their niches are identical. The one with the slight reproductive advantage will eliminate the other Resource partitioning: differences in niches that enable similar species to coexist Ecological niche: the sum total of an organism?s use of abiotic/biotic resources in the environment

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Ch. 53 Population Ecology

Subject: 
Biology
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Demography
Population ecology
Biology
Ecology
Population
Human overpopulation
Biological interactions
Ethology
Population growth
Logistic function
Population dynamics
Competition

POPULATION ECOLOGY Chapter 53 Population = group of individuals of a single species living in same general area Density: # individuals / area Dispersion: pattern of spacing between individuals Introduction Determining population size and density: Count every individual Random sampling Mark-recapture method Patterns of Dispersal: Clumped ? most common; near required resource Uniform ? usually antagonistic interactions Random ? unpredictable spacing, not common in nature Additions occur through birth, and subtractions occur through death. Life table : age-specific summary of the survival pattern of a population Demography: the study of vital statistics that affect population size Survivorship Curve: represent # individuals alive at each age

Literature Narrative

Subject: 
English
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Jeopardy!
National Geographic Bee
National Geographic Society
Alex Trebek
Education
Competition
Television in the United States

?That is incorrect?; I kept hearing Alex Trebek?s voice echoing through my head. I had overcome so many obstacles, but finally reached a roadblock. I collected myself and quietly exited through the back of the stage. I took a seat in the audience and reflected on my journey, proud that I had made it this far, but also disappointed that it had come to an end. I watched as the finalists battled it out, grimacing, as I knew the answer to every question. What if I had been one of the finalists? This is my journey to winning 3rd place in the 2013 National Geographic Bee.

Oligopoly

Subject: 
Economics
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Economics
Oligopoly
Imperfect competition
Monopoly
Anti-competitive behaviour
Competition
Barriers to entry
Market power
Profit
Technology
Tags: 
oligopoly
game theory
market structures

Profit maximisation conditions An oligopoly maximises profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal costs. Ability to set price Oligopolies are price setters rather than price takers. Entry and exit Barriers to entry are high The most important barriers are: economies of scale patents access to expensive and complex technology strategic actions by incumbent firms designed to discourage or destroy nascent firms Additional sources of barriers to entry: government regulation favoring existing firms making it difficult for new firms to enter the market. Number of firms "Few" ? a "handful" of sellers Long run profits Oligopolies can retain long run abnormal profits
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