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Biological membrane

Chapter 7 Test Bank AP Bio

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Biological membrane

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Membranes and membrane transport are fundamental to cellular life. The concepts in this chapter require integration of concepts from previous chapters: the nature of water and hydrophobic versus hydrophilic molecules, the properties of lipid molecules and their role in regulating membrane fluidity, and the roles of proteins and carbohydrates in membrane function. The concepts of ion transport and electrochemical gradients across membranes are important foundations for the following chapters on energy metabolism. Finally, the bulk transport phenomena have important clinical significance in the immune system, during invasion by pathogens, and in cell signaling. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell Biology Chapter 7

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? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentations byNicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Chapter 7Membrane Structure and Function 1 Life at the Edge The plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability, allowing some substances to cross it more easily than others Transport proteins are often responsible for controlling passage across cellular membranes ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Phospholipids are the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, containing hydrophobic (?water-fearing?) and hydrophilic (?water-loving?) regions

cellsurface biofact sheet

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The Cell Surface Membrane B io F actsheet September 1997 Number 8 1 The cell surface membrane (formerly called the plasma membrane) surrounds the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The membrane forms a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the substances that enter and leave the cell and therefore enables the cell to regulate its internal environment. 2. Glycolipids - which make up 5% of membrane lipids. Glycolipids occur on the external surface of the cell surface membrane and the carbohydrate portion of the glycolipid extends into the intercellular space and is called a glycocalyx. These are important in cell-to-cell recognition. 3. Cholesterol - a steroid which makes up 20% of lipids in animal membranes but is rarely found in plant cell membranes.

structure_to_function Kidney biofactsheet

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Cell nucleus

1 B io F actsheet September 1997 Number 4 Structure to function in eukaryotic cells The cell surface membrane and the membranes which form organelles in eukaryotic cells all have the same basic structure, known as the fluid mosaic model. Such membranes provide control of the entry and exit of substances into cells and organelles and such control is a result of the phospholipid bilayer and membrane proteins. In eukaryotic cells, such membranes divide the cytoplasm into multiple compartments (organelles). Organelles allow different functions to occur efficiently and simultaneously in different parts of the cell. For example, the outer double membrane of the mitochondrion separates out those reactions which occur in mitochondria from those in the general cytoplasm.

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 7

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CHAPTER 7 Membrane Structure and Function Overview: Life at the Edge The plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability, allowing some substances to cross it more easily than others Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Phospholipids are the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions The fluid mosaic model states that a membrane is a fluid structure with a ?mosaic? of various proteins embedded in it Membrane Models: Scientific Inquiry Membranes have been chemically analyzed and found to be made of proteins and lipids

Proteins and Lipids

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LIPIDS & MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Lipids differ from the other macromolecules: not formed by linear polymerization however, they do have a high molecular weight they contribute to important cellular structures (membranes) What are they? Heterogeneous category of cellular components that are insoluble in water (hydrophobic) Lipids are typically rich in nonpolar hydrocarbon regions with relatively few polar groups Lipids have 3 main cellular functions: 1. Energy storage (fat to sugar) Lipids have about 6 times more energy than the same weight of a polysaccharide 2. Membrane structure 3. Transmission of chemical signals There are six main classes of lipids (FAMILIARIZE WITH THE FIRST 3) Fatty acids are the building blocks for several other kinds of lipids

Unit 1 Biology Review

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An Overview of Eucaryotic Cell Structure Eucaryotic cells have membrane-delimited nuclei In addition to the nucleus, eucaryotic cells have other membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions within the cells; this allows simultaneous independent control The large membrane surface area of eucaryotic cells allows greater respiratory and photosynthetic activity The Cytoplasmic Matrix, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules The cytoplasmic matrix, although superficially featureless, provides the complex environment required for many cellular activities Microfilaments (4 to 7 nm) may be scattered throughout the matrix or organized into networks and parallel arrays; they play a major role in cell motion and cell shape changes

Campbell chapter 7 test bank

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Self-Quiz Questions 1) In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary A) Phospholipids are found only in certain membranes. B) Certain proteins are unique to each membrane. C) Only certain membranes of the cell are selectively permeable. D) Only certain membranes are constructed from amphipathic molecules. E) Some membranes have hydrophobic surfaces exposed to the cytoplasm, while others have hydrophilic surfaces facing the cytoplasm. Answer: B 2) According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly A) spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. B) confined to the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

mitochondrion

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Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. Each of these membranes is a?phospholipidbilayer with embedded proteins. The outermost membrane is smooth while the inner membrane has many folds. These folds are called cristae. The folds enhance the "productivity" of cellular respiration by increasing the available surface area. The double membranes divide the mitochondrion into two distinct parts: the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. The intermembrane space is the narrow part between the two membranes while the mitochondrial matrix is the part enclosed by the innermost membrane. Several of the steps in cellular respiration occur in the matrix due to its high concentration of enzymes.

Anatomy and Physiology

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Biological membrane
Endoplasm
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Lipid bilayer

CELL OUTLINE I. Cell Defined living structural and functional units enclosed by a membrane arise from existing cells by cell division different types fulfill unique roles that support homeostasis and contribute to the functional capabilities of human organisms the form of the cell follows the function II. Parts of a Cell A. Plasma Membrane - (page 62) form?s the cell?s flexible outer surface, has a permeable barrier that regulates flow of materials in and out of cell. Also plays a key role in communication among cell. (outside layer of cell) i. Phospholipid Bilayer - basic framework of the plasma membrane. - 2 back-to-back layers - 3 types lipid molecules phospholipid 75% cholesterol 20% glycolipid 5% - amphipathic - have both polar and nonpolar parts
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