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Signal transduction

Campbell Biology Chapter 11

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? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentations byNicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Chapter 11Cell Communication 1 Concept 11.1: External signals are converted to responses within the cell Cells can signal to each other and interpret the signals they receive from other cells and the environment Signals are most often chemicals The same small set of cell-signaling mechanisms shows up in diverse species and processes Communication among microorganisms provides some insight into how cells send, receive, and respond to signals ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Evolution of Cell Signaling an example The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two mating types, a and ? Cells of different mating types locate each other via secreted factors specific to each type

Module 4 part 2

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Doreen Pang Mrs. Trainor AP Psychology 7 October 2016 Module 4-2: Neural Communication and Neurotransmitters How Neurons Communicate Neurons are interweaved very intricately hard to see where one ends and another begins Santiago Ram?n y Cajal Concluded that individual neurons functions as independent agents within the nervous system. Charles Sherrington noticed neural impulses were taking too long to travel a neural pathway must be brief interruption in the transition Synapse the junction of Sherrington aka synaptic gap cleft Neurotransmitters when action potential reached the terminals at axon?s end triggers release of chemical messengers How Neurotransmitters Influence Us Are certain nerotrans. found only in specific places?

Signal Transduction Mech

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Signal Transduction Mechanisms 4/12/16 Yeast Can be diploid or haploid If a cell can recognize the presence of another cell nearby it develops a schmoo which allows the cells to mate Cell communication is more complicated in multicellular organisms Multiple potentials before differentiation Communication is crucial Signal transduction moves information from the cell surface to the nucleus & other cellular targets Converts an outside message into a change in cell behavior Signal transduction Extracellular signal is converted to intracellular signals that direct cell behavior Cell communications depends on: Extracellular signal molecules Receptor proteins Intracellular signaling proteins Target proteins What type of molecules can be used as extracellular signals? Proteins

Chapter 11

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Local/paracrine signaling: In paracrine signaling a signaling cells releases messenger molecules into the extracellular fluid and these local regulators influence nearby cells. Long distance signaling: Hormones are chemical signals that travel to more distant cells. Long distance signaling is going to be seen the most in the nervous system. There are 3 stages of cell signaling... 1. Reception 2. Transmission 3. Response RECEPTION There are three basic types of membrane receptors:
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