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Radiobiology

Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy Notes

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Chemistry
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Radiation

Radioactive Decay Activation Energy (Ea): The threshold energy that must be overcome to produce a chemical reaction Electromagnetic Radiation: Radiant energy that exhibits wavelike behavior and travels through space at the speed of light in a vacuum Radioisotope: a radioactive isotope Many nuclei are radioactive Radioactive: Refers to a nucleus that spontaneously decomposes to form a different nucleus Over 85% of all known nuclides are radioactive Nuclear Equation: an equation representing radioactive decay Types of Radioactive (Nuclear) Decay (The spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus): Alpha Decay Alpha () particle shoots out from nucleus equivalent to helium-4 Beta Decay Beta () particle shoots out from nucleus equivalent to an electron Gamma Decay

Basic Biochemistry

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Biology
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AP Biology Biochemistry

Atomic Structures Atoms are basic units of matter Protons (+1) , Neutrons (0), Electrons (-1) Depending on their energy levels, they are in different states. Ground state: At lowest possible potential energy. Excited state: At any state where the system is at higher than the minimum. Isotopes: atoms of one element that vary in neutrons. Are all chemically identical Radioisotopes: decay at a rate known as half-life, often used in medicine. Tracers: used to TRACE certain chemicals in natural pathways Ex: Iodine (radioactive) to give information about thyroid gland metabolism. Bonding In biology, the two main types are Ionic and Covalent Ionic Bonds Transfer of electrons Receiver is called anion (a negative ion) Donor is called the cation Covalent Bonds
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