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Solid

alg

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Algebra
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Chemistry
Nature
Universe
Chemical elements
Helium
Chemical substance
Substance theory
Mixture
Gas
Solid
Matter
Chemical reaction

Fundamentals of Chemistry What is Chemistry? What is Matter? How does it change? (How do we organize the types of changes? What categories? How do we categorize the types of matter? We can identify the specific types of matter with its ________ (characteristics). Definition: How many Smallest unit Examples Element: Compound: Mixture: What is the table of elements called? Is a compound considered a pure substance? How is a compound different than a mixture? Is a mixture considered a pure substance? How are mixtures classified? Draw sketches: solid liquid gas Macroscopic Microscopic How do the microscopic models explain the macroscopic properties? Property Solid Liquid Gas Fluidity (fixed shape) Why? Compressibity (fixed volume)

Chapter 1.3 Outline

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
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Phase transitions
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Chromatography
Solid
Distillation
Melting
Physical change
Characteristic property

Properties can be? Physical - can be observed without changing identity or composition of the substance Ex. Color, odor, Density, Melting Point, Boiling Point, Hardness Chemical - describe the way a substance may change or react to form other substances Ex. Flammability - the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen Intensive - do not depend on the amount of sample being examined Help to identify substances Ex. Temperature, melting point Extensive - Depend on the amount of sample Help to show quantity of a substance Ex. Mass, volume Physical and Chemical Changes Physical Change - substance changes its physical appearance, but not its composition Changes of state are physical changes Chemical Change - substance changes into a chemically different substance

AP serway notes chp 9

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Physics
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Matter
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Phases of matter
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State of matter
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Crystal

Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about equilibrium positions Can be modeled as springs connecting molecules More About Solids External forces can be applied to the solid and compress the material In the model, the springs would be compressed When the force is removed, the solid returns to its original shape and size This property is called elasticity Crystalline Solid Atoms have an ordered structure This example is salt Gray spheres represent Na+ ions Green spheres represent Cl- ions Amorphous Solid Atoms are arranged almost randomly Examples include glass Liquid
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