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Chemical reaction

Chapter 4: Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Chemistry

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Chapter 8 Test Bank AP Bio

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Branches of biology
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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism This chapter lays the foundations for the chapters on respiration and photosynthesis. Key concepts are as follows: The laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformations by living organisms, metabolic reactions couple energy-harvesting reactions to reactions that accomplish cellular work, and enzymes increase the rates of reaction. Understanding the properties of enzymes, how they work, and how their activities are regulated is necessary to achieve an understanding of metabolic pathways. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism

Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

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Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry Chapter 8 Balancing Chemical Reactions (Wednesday 1/5/11 P1,3,5 & Thursday 1/6/11 P2,4,6)? Indicators of a Chemical Reaction ? evidence of a chemical reaction Evolution of heat and light (simultaneously) Production of a gas (bubbles, odor change) Formation of a precipitate (solid, cloudy) Color change (not introduced by an outside source such as dye or ink) Characteristics of a Chemical Reaction ? the atoms in one or more reactant rearrange when bonds are broken and/or created to produce one or more new products with different properties than the reactants had before the reaction. Reactants - on the left? react to one another and/or their environment. Products ? on the right of the reaction ? produced/created from reactants.

Chemistry Chp. 9 Review

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Holt Modern Chemistry Review CHAPTER 9: STOICHIOMETRY The following pages contain the bulk (but not all) of the information for the chapter 9 test. Focus on this content, but make sure to review class notes, activities, handouts, questions, etc. If you study this document and NOTHING else, you should at least be able to PASS the test. ***** Test items will be recall, examples, and/or application of this content. ***** OUTCOMES Collaborate with peer(s) to understand chemistry content (C C) Communicate chemistry content to teacher and peer(s) (E C) 9.1: Determine number of moles from balanced chemical equations. (T & R) 9.2: Perform stoichiometry calculations such as: mole to mole, mole to gram, gram to mole, and gram to gram. (F & PK)

Chemistry Chp. 9 Notes

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Chapter 9 - Stoichiometry 9-1 Introduction to Stoichiometry Composition Stoichiometry - deals with mass relationships of elements in compounds Reaction Stoichiometry - Involves mass relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction I. Reaction Stoichiometry Problems A. Four problem Types, One Common Solution given mass ? given moles ? unknown moles ? unknown mass 1. Given and unknown quantities are in moles 2. Given is an amount in moles and the unknown is a mass (usually in grams) 3. Given is a mass in grams and the unknown is an amount in moles 4. Given is a mass in grams and the unknown is a mass in grams B. Mole Ratio 1. A conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction

alg

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Fundamentals of Chemistry What is Chemistry? What is Matter? How does it change? (How do we organize the types of changes? What categories? How do we categorize the types of matter? We can identify the specific types of matter with its ________ (characteristics). Definition: How many Smallest unit Examples Element: Compound: Mixture: What is the table of elements called? Is a compound considered a pure substance? How is a compound different than a mixture? Is a mixture considered a pure substance? How are mixtures classified? Draw sketches: solid liquid gas Macroscopic Microscopic How do the microscopic models explain the macroscopic properties? Property Solid Liquid Gas Fluidity (fixed shape) Why? Compressibity (fixed volume)

water biofact sheet

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The Biological Importance of Water B io F actsheet September 1998 Number 30 1 Water is a polar molecule i.e. it has both positively charged and negatively charged areas. Water is made up of two positively charged hydrogen atoms and one negatively charged oxygen atom (Fig 1). Water (H2O) is the most abundant molecule in cells, whole organisms and on earth. This is a consequence of the unique physical and chemical properties of water. This Factsheet will briefly explain the significance of these physical and chemical properties, then discuss the primary roles of water in animals and plants. As a result of this polarity (the uneven distribution of charges), adjacent water molecules are attracted to and become bonded to each other. The

Organic Chemistry Lecture 8

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Markovnikov's rule
Alkene
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Chapter 8 ? 2010, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Reactions of Alkenes Chapter 8 * Bonding in Alkenes Electrons in pi bond are loosely held. The double bond acts as a nucleophile attacking electrophilic species. Carbocations are intermediates in the reactions. These reactions are called electrophilic additions. Chapter 8 Chapter 8 * Electrophilic Addition Step 1: Pi electrons attack the electrophile. Step 2: Nucleophile attacks the carbocation. Chapter 8 Chapter 8 * Types of Additions Chapter 8 Chapter 8 * Addition of HX to Alkenes Step 1 is the protonation of the double bond. The protonation step forms the most stable carbocation possible. In step 2, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an alkyl halide.

Organic Chemistry Lecture 8

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Alkene
Oxymercuration reaction
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Hydroboration
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Haloalkane
Chemical reaction
Chapter 8 ? 2010, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Reactions of Alkenes Chapter 8 * Bonding in Alkenes Electrons in pi bond are loosely held. The double bond acts as a nucleophile attacking electrophilic species. Carbocations are intermediates in the reactions. These reactions are called electrophilic additions. Chapter 8 Chapter 8 * Electrophilic Addition Step 1: Pi electrons attack the electrophile. Step 2: Nucleophile attacks the carbocation. Chapter 8 Chapter 8 * Types of Additions Chapter 8 Chapter 8 * Addition of HX to Alkenes Step 1 is the protonation of the double bond. The protonation step forms the most stable carbocation possible. In step 2, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an alkyl halide.

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