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Enzymes

Chapter 8 Test Bank AP Bio

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism This chapter lays the foundations for the chapters on respiration and photosynthesis. Key concepts are as follows: The laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformations by living organisms, metabolic reactions couple energy-harvesting reactions to reactions that accomplish cellular work, and enzymes increase the rates of reaction. Understanding the properties of enzymes, how they work, and how their activities are regulated is necessary to achieve an understanding of metabolic pathways. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism

Campbell Biology Chapter 8

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? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentations byNicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Chapter 8An Introduction to Metabolism 1 The Energy of Life The living cell is a miniature chemical factory where thousands of reactions occur Cellular respiration extracts energy stored in sugars and other fuels Cells apply this energy to perform work Some organisms even convert energy to light, as in bioluminescence ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Concept 8.1: An organism?s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics Metabolism is the totality of an organism?s chemical reactions Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from orderly interactions between molecules ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Enzyme 1 Reaction 1 Starting molecule

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Ch. 8 Metabolism

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CHAPTER 8 An Introduction to Metabolism Metabolism is the totality of an organism?s chemical reactions Manage the materials and energy resources of a cell Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds Eg. digestive enzymes break down food ? release energy Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones Eg. amino acids link to form muscle protein ENERGY = CAPACITY TO DO WORK Kinetic energy (KE): energy associated with motion Heat (thermal energy) is KE associated with random movement of atoms or molecules Potential energy (PE): stored energy as a result of its position or structure Chemical energy is PE available for release in a chemical reaction Energy can be converted from one form to another

Protein function and enzymes

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Protein Function and Enzymes Most proteins function by binding to other molecules Antibody - aggregating foreign Actin - binding to itself Enzymes Hexokinase - binding pocket for glucose, then catalyze Selectivity comes into play based on functional groups Proteins bind other molecules at the binding site Unique chemical environment Not only based on agreeing shape, but also non-covalent bonds In some cases this binding is very tight; in others it is weak and short lived. The binding site is a cavity on the surface created by several amino acids that interact with the substrate Chemical identity of function groups that dictates what molecules will bond Protein binding to another molecule is highly selective Thermal energy causes not matching molecules to dissociate

Enzyme Lab

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Nick Kissel Enzyme Lab 5 November 2012 Enzyme Concentration: Hypothesis: If the amount of enzymes were to increase, then more substrates will convert. Conclusion: The substrates were converted faster when there was a higher enzyme concentration. Amount of Enzymes Number of Converted Substrates after 20 Seconds 1 6 2 7 3 10 4 11 5 12 6 15 7 17 8 18 9 18 10 22 Graph 1: This graph shows the trend that when the amount of enzymes increases, so does the number of converted substrates. Substrate Concentration: Hypothesis: If the amount of substrates were to increase, then more substrates will convert. Conclusion: Spheres converted faster when there was a higher substrate concentration. Substrate Concentration

Lab 2 Enzyme Catalase

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Conclusion Activity A: Hypothesis: If hydrogen peroxide is introduced to catalase, then the rate at which the decomposition of by catalase will increase because enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is a chemical reaction, therefore, its rate will increase because, after all, catalase is an enzyme. Activity B:

Catalase Lab Report (How temperature affects enzymatic activity)

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