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Campbell Biology Chapter 8

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Chemistry
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Enzyme
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? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentations byNicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Chapter 8An Introduction to Metabolism 1 The Energy of Life The living cell is a miniature chemical factory where thousands of reactions occur Cellular respiration extracts energy stored in sugars and other fuels Cells apply this energy to perform work Some organisms even convert energy to light, as in bioluminescence ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Concept 8.1: An organism?s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics Metabolism is the totality of an organism?s chemical reactions Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from orderly interactions between molecules ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Enzyme 1 Reaction 1 Starting molecule

Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

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Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry Chapter 8 Balancing Chemical Reactions (Wednesday 1/5/11 P1,3,5 & Thursday 1/6/11 P2,4,6)? Indicators of a Chemical Reaction ? evidence of a chemical reaction Evolution of heat and light (simultaneously) Production of a gas (bubbles, odor change) Formation of a precipitate (solid, cloudy) Color change (not introduced by an outside source such as dye or ink) Characteristics of a Chemical Reaction ? the atoms in one or more reactant rearrange when bonds are broken and/or created to produce one or more new products with different properties than the reactants had before the reaction. Reactants - on the left? react to one another and/or their environment. Products ? on the right of the reaction ? produced/created from reactants.

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Ch. 8 Metabolism

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Adenosine triphosphate
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CHAPTER 8 An Introduction to Metabolism Metabolism is the totality of an organism?s chemical reactions Manage the materials and energy resources of a cell Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds Eg. digestive enzymes break down food ? release energy Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones Eg. amino acids link to form muscle protein ENERGY = CAPACITY TO DO WORK Kinetic energy (KE): energy associated with motion Heat (thermal energy) is KE associated with random movement of atoms or molecules Potential energy (PE): stored energy as a result of its position or structure Chemical energy is PE available for release in a chemical reaction Energy can be converted from one form to another

Protein function and enzymes

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Protein Function and Enzymes Most proteins function by binding to other molecules Antibody - aggregating foreign Actin - binding to itself Enzymes Hexokinase - binding pocket for glucose, then catalyze Selectivity comes into play based on functional groups Proteins bind other molecules at the binding site Unique chemical environment Not only based on agreeing shape, but also non-covalent bonds In some cases this binding is very tight; in others it is weak and short lived. The binding site is a cavity on the surface created by several amino acids that interact with the substrate Chemical identity of function groups that dictates what molecules will bond Protein binding to another molecule is highly selective Thermal energy causes not matching molecules to dissociate
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