Organic Chemistry Lecture 11b
Subject:
Chapter 8
? 2010, Prentice Hall
Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Reactions of Alkenes
Chapter 8
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Bonding in Alkenes
Electrons in pi bond are loosely held.
The double bond acts as a nucleophile attacking electrophilic species.
Carbocations are intermediates in the reactions.
These reactions are called electrophilic additions.
Chapter 8
Chapter 8
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Electrophilic Addition
Step 1: Pi electrons attack the electrophile.
Step 2: Nucleophile attacks the carbocation.
Chapter 8
Chapter 8
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Types of Additions
Chapter 8
Chapter 8
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Addition of HX to Alkenes
Step 1 is the protonation of the double bond.
The protonation step forms the most stable carbocation possible.
In step 2, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an alkyl halide.
