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Cell membrane

bio

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Biology
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Biology
Membrane biology
Cell membrane
Membrane protein
Lipid bilayer
Phospholipid
Semipermeable membrane
cell
Lipid
Transmembrane protein
Endoplasmic reticulum
Peripheral membrane protein
health
cell membrane bio

1 Division Ave High School Ms. Foglia AP Biology AP Biology Cell Membrane AP Biology Overview ?? Cell membrane separates living cell from nonliving surroundings ?? thin barrier = 8nm thick ?? Controls traffic in & out of the cell ?? selectively permeable ?? allows some substances to cross more easily than others ?? hydrophobic vs hydrophilic ?? Made of phospholipids, proteins & other macromolecules AP Biology Phospholipids Fatty acid Phosphate ?? Fatty acid tails ?? hydrophobic ?? Phosphate group head ?? hydrophilic ?? Arranged as a bilayer Aaaah, one of those structure?function examples AP Biology Phospholipid bilayer polar hydrophilic heads nonpolar hydrophobic tails polar hydrophilic heads AP Biology

Ch. 7 Membrane Structure and Function

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Biology
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Biology
Membrane biology
Cell membrane
Membrane protein
Membrane transport
Lipid bilayer
Facilitated diffusion
Semipermeable membrane
Carrier protein
Osmosis
Red blood cell
Passive transport
health
membranes

Ch. 7 Membrane Structure and Function Plasma membrane separates living cell from its surroundings Controls traffic into and out of the cell it surrounds Selectively permeable: allows some substances to cross easier than others One of the earliest episodes in the evolution of life may have been the formation of a membrane that enclosed a solution different from the surrounding solution while still permitting the uptake of nutrients and elimination of waste products. Ability of cell to discriminate in chemical exchanges with its environment is fundamental to life Lipids and proteins are the staple of membranes; carbohydrates are also important Phospholipid is amphipathic meaning it has hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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Biology
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Membrane biology
organelles
Cell membrane
Endomembrane system
Membrane protein
Vesicle
cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Biological membrane
Lipid bilayer
Facilitated diffusion
health

9/28/13 2:53 PM Tools used to study cells Microscopy Light microscope Electron microscope Scanning Transmission Cell fractionation - centrifuge Cells ? simplest collection of matter that can be alive All contain: Plasma membrane Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Cytoplasm ? interior of cell Limited to small size because High SA to volume ration necessary for exchange between cell & environment As cells grow, volume increases at higher rate than SA Prokaryotic Lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles Nucleoid Location of DNA Not membrane enclosed Fimbriae Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule Flagella Surface to volume ratio is important parameter affecting cell size & shape ORGANELLES IN EUKARYOTIC CELL Nucleus Functions: Houses chromosomes

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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Biology
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Biology
organelles
Membrane biology
Cell Biology
Cell membrane
Endomembrane system
cell
Cytosol
Vesicle
mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Membrane protein
health

Ch.7 ? Membrane What makes something alive? What do all living things have in common? Carbon based Cells DNA Living organisms 1.8 million known species 10-100 million estimates species 3 domains Bacteria Archea Eukarya Same basic components Cells ? lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life Eukaryotic ? nucleus & other membrane-bound structures Prokaryotic ? simpler, membrane & DNA Cells & tissues made from same set of chemicals Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Organic molecules/nutrients cycle through organisms & environment All organisms transfer & transform energy to power cellular processes Living organisms have been around for billions of years Prokaryotes ? 3.5 billion years ago Eukaryotes ? 2 billion Multi-cellular life ? 1.2 billion

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

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Biology
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Cellular processes
Cell Biology
Cell membrane
Endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Vesicle
Clathrin
Exocytosis
Cytosis
Phagocytosis
Biological membrane

Endocytosis and Exocytosis Endocytosis is when a material is taken through the membrane by folding inwards or basically it is moving things that are outside of the cell, into the cell by extending the membrane outwards and surrounding the food particle. (General Term) Exocytosis is the reverse of endocytosis. It is the discharge of the materials from the vesicles inside the cell, to the outside of the cell. Then the vesicle joins the cell membrane. There are three types of endocytosis: Pinocytosis ? the process of taking in something that is liquid. Phagocytosis ? the process of taking something that is rather solid like fragment of an organic sell. Receptor mediated endocytosis ? Taking in specific molecules such as Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) Receptor Mediated endocytosis

Cell Membrane

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Biology
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Biology
Membrane biology
Cell membrane
Membrane protein
Lipid bilayer
Membrane transport
Carrier protein
Semipermeable membrane
cell
Passive transport
Red blood cell
Biological membrane
health

Active transport - The transport of molecules across a membrane and against their natural flow; mediated by carrier proteins and requiring outside energy. Carrier protein - A protein responsible for mediating the active transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by a conformational change that occurs within the protein that forms an opening for specific molecules to pass through. Channel protein - A protein responsible for mediating the passive transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by its membrane-spanning hydrophilic structure which, when open, allows molecules to pass through.

Cell Membrane

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Membrane biology
Cell membrane
Membrane protein
Lipid bilayer
Membrane transport
Carrier protein
Semipermeable membrane
cell
Passive transport
Transmembrane protein
Red blood cell
health

Active transport - The transport of molecules across a membrane and against their natural flow; mediated by carrier proteins and requiring outside energy. Carrier protein - A protein responsible for mediating the active transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by a conformational change that occurs within the protein that forms an opening for specific molecules to pass through. Channel protein - A protein responsible for mediating the passive transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by its membrane-spanning hydrophilic structure which, when open, allows molecules to pass through.

Campbell Biology Ch 7 Study Guide

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Biology
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Membrane biology
Cell membrane
Osmosis
Semipermeable membrane
Lipid bilayer
Membrane transport
Membrane protein
Carrier protein
Facilitated diffusion
Biological membrane
Active transport
health

CHAPTER 7 MEMBRANE STUCTURE AND FUNCTION Membrane Structure Explain the meaning of the statement that phospholipids and most other membrane constituents are amphipathic molecules. It means that they have both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region. Explain how the fluid mosaic model of a membrane is structured and the evidence that supports the model. The membrane is a fluid structure with a mosaic of various proteins embedded in or attached to a double layer of phospholipids. Using freeze-fracture to study cells under an electron microscope has shown a pattern that appears to agree with the fluid mosaic model. Describe the fluidity of the components of a cell membrane and explain how membrane fluidity is influenced by temperature and membrane composition.

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