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Periodic trends

Basic Chemistry Review (PreAP level)

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Chemistry
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Chemical bonding
Quantum chemistry
Chemical properties
Periodic Table
Atomic physics
Chemical bond
ion
Chemistry
Valence electron
Atom
Periodic trends
electron

1 THE MOST BASIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW This review is intended to remind you of the BASICS that you learned. It is NOT COMPLETE. CLASSIFYING MATTER elements, compounds, or mixtures PROPERTIES OF MATTER INTensive?a property that doesn?t depend on amount (ex- boiling point) Extensive?a property that does depend on amount (ex- mass or volume) density ? amount of matter in a given volume Density = mass volume units: g/cm3 for solids, g/mL for liquids density column Example A piece of wood that measures 3.0 cm by 6.0 cm by 4.0 cm has a mass of 80.0 grams. What is the density of the wood? Would the piece of wood float in water? If the wood were cut into three pieces would it have the same density?

Atomic Radius

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Atomic Radius: The atomic radius is the size of the atom of an element. The values decrease. Yes, they both decrease. The atomic radius increases. Yes, but they increase at a slower rate. Ionic Radius: An atom becomes a cation when an atom loses electrons in a reaction. An atom becomes an anion when it gains electrons in a reaction. The cations? values decrease. The anion?s values also decrease. Yes, their trends are the same. The ionic radius value increases. Yes, they also increase. Electronegativity: Electronegativity is the measurement of an element?s tendency to react with electrons in a chemical bond. The values greatly increase. Yes, they both increase. The values slowly decrease. No, because only one number in group 18 is plotted.

Periodic Trends Lecture

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* Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture Presentation Development of Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently came to the same conclusion about how elements should be grouped. Development of Periodic Table Mendeleev, for instance, predicted the discovery of germanium (which he called eka-silicon) as an element with an atomic weight between that of zinc and arsenic, but with chemical properties similar to those of silicon. Periodic Trends In this chapter, we will rationalize observed trends in Sizes of atoms and ions. Ionization energy. Electron affinity. Effective Nuclear Charge

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 5b

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Periodic Trends 1 Sizes of Atoms Increase from top to bottom on the periodic table Why? There are higher energy levels, and electrons are farther from the nucleus. Atomic Radii Sizes of Atoms Decrease from left to right on the periodic table Why? There are more protons in the nucleus attracting more electrons (electrostatic attraction). Atomic Radii Atomic Radii 4 p. 113 of Chemistry textbook (BJU Press) Question Why do atoms get larger as you go down the periodic table? They are heavier. They are less dense. Electrons are further from the nucleus. Electrons are bigger. 5 (Comparing the size of an atom to that of its ion, not going across or up the table) Sizes of Atoms Ionic Radii Sizes of Atoms Atoms that lose outer electrons have smaller positive ions (metals).

AP Chemistry periodic notes

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Valence electron
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Chapter 7 ? Periodic Properties of the Elements 7.1 Development of the Periodic Table ? Majority of elements discovered 1735-1843 ? Elements arranged to reflect trends in chemical and physical properties ? Periodic table arose from periodic patterns in electronic configurations o Valence orbitals o Trends in rows and columns ? Mendeleev and Meyer ? Modern periodic table 7.2 Effective Nuclear Charge Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) is the charge experienced by an electron on a many-electron atom. The effective nuclear charge is not the same as the charge on the nucleus because of the effect of the inner electrons. ? The electron is attracted to the nucleus, but repelled by electrons that shield or screen it from the full nuclear charge.
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