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Arabs

Chapter 9 The Earth and Its People

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Chapter 9 Outline ? The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam, 200?1200 The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam, 200?1200 I.????? The Sasanid Empire, 224?651 Politics and Society The Sasanid kingdom was established in 224 and controlled the areas of Iran and Mesopotamia. The Sasanids confronted Arab pastoralists on their Euphrates border and the Byzantine Empire on the west. Relations with the Byzantines alternated between war and peaceful trading relationships. In times of peace, the Byzantine cities of Syria and the Arab nomads who guided caravans between the Sasanid and Byzantine Empires all flourished on trade. Arabs also benefited from the invention of the camel saddle, which allowed them to take control of the caravan trade.

persia_chart_5_islam.doc

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SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 Islamic Civilization Umayyad Abbasid Time Period 661-750 A.D. 750-1258 Geographic Description -began in Arabia, moved out of peninsula both west -Egypt, across North Africa as far as Spain (Moors), east to Persia and Northern India (Indus); northern boundary was the Byzantine Empire -Religion spread Africa, Asia, Southern Europe via trade and conquest -by 700, conquered Spain (west)?Central Asia (east) -Holy city = Mecca (hajj) and also Medina (hijra) smaller geographically than Umayyad, centered in Middle East more extensive trade not only overland but overseas but dominated the Indian Ocean Trade Network Political -1st Caliphate
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