06. Making a Nation – 1788-1810

I. Constitutional Convention – 55 delegates meet in Philadelphia – Washington – Presid.
    A. Virginia Plan – large state plan – representation based on population
    B. New Jersey Plan – small state plan – every state receives equal rep
        1. Great Compromise – House + Senate
        2. Slaves = 3/5 of the population for House rep counting purposes
    C. Bill of Rights – citizens rights to prevent oppressive gov’t - 1791
    D. Hesitancy to ratify – Anti-Federalists believe states should have more power –  Federalists believe strong executive necessary
        1. Federalist Papers convince New York/Virginia – Rhode Island last

II. Finalizing the Executive
    A.    Judiciary Act – 1789 – created Supreme Court, federal and district courts
    B.    Hamilton’s Plan – if gov’t benefits wealthy, they’ll invest in gov’t
        a.    Assume all debt of states – Virginia already paid off debt – get D.C.
        b.    Debt good – more people owed, more have stake in success of gov’t
        c.    Tariff taxes + duties on whiskey
        d.    National Bank – Jefferson wanted states to control $, Hamilton wins
            i.    First National Bank – 1791-1811 – Philadelphia
    C.    Whiskey Rebellion – proves executive tough – sent in thousands to put down
    D.    Alien and Sedition Acts – Adams oversteps power of president – punishes Democratic Republicans – Alien – 5-14 years, jail/Sedition – jail for libel
        a.    Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions – states can ignore bad laws – sets states/federal gov’t conflict
    E.    Strengthening Supreme Court – Marbury vs. Madison
        a.    Supreme Court can say laws are unconstitutional – gives power

IV. Foreign Policy
    A. Barbary Pirates
        1. Been paying bribes to Tripoli, African Barbary pirates to not steal stuff
        2. sent Navy to Tripoli to fight pirates – finally got peace treaty – America values Navy
    B. Lousiana Purchase – wanted New Orleans, got all of Louisiana Territory
        1. Napoleon couldn’t have American empire – lost in Haiti – Toussant L’Ouverture
        2. Doubled size, 3 cents per acre
        3. Created Constitutional Conflict – loose/strict interpretation
            a. Says nowhere in Constitution about buying land – Jefferson hypocrite?
        4. Lewis and Clark explore – sets off wave off Westward movement
        5. Increases nationalism – pride for U.S.
        6. Federal gov’t power now shifting West – away from New England/Virg
    C. Monroe Doctrine – follows Washington’s Farewell
        1. US stay out of Europe, Europe stays out of Americas – our sphere of influence

V. American System – Henry Clay’s idea federal gov’t pays for roads, canals, business
    A. Protects American business through high tariffs – 25% - buy US goods vs. better/cheaper European goods

VI. Avoiding conflict – Missouri Compromise – draws slave line – keeps slavery in U.S.