pioneer species
First hardy species, often microbes, mosses, and lichens that begin colonizing a site as the first stage of ecological succession. See ecological succession, pioneer community.
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Chapter 8 - Community Ecology: Structure, Species Interactions, Succession, and Sustainability
pioneer community
First integrated set of plants, animals, and decomposers found in an area undergoing primary ecological succession. See immature community, mature community.
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persistence
How long a pollutant stays in the air, water, soil, or body. See also inertia.
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parasitism
Interaction between species in which one organism, called the parasite, preys on another organism, called the host, by living on or in the host. See host, parasite.
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parasite
Consumer organism that lives on or in and feeds on a living plant or animal, known as the host, over an extended period of time. The parasite draws nourishment from and gradually weakens its host; it may or may not kill the host. See parasitism.
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nonnative species
Species that migrate into an ecosystem or are deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem by humans. Compare native species.
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natural rate of extinction
See background extinction.
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native species
Species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem. Compare indicator species, keystone species, nonnative species.
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mutualism
Type of species interaction in which both participating species generally benefit. Compare commensalism.
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Midsuccessional plant species
Grasses and low shrubs that are less hardy than early successional plant species. Compare early successional plant species, late successional plant species.
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