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HIST 1302 Flashcards

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76626175(CW) Macunecreator Sub-Treasury plan of the Farmer's Alliance
76626176Mary Lease"raise less corn and more hell."; Farmer's Alliance
76626744Sam HoseDisputed wages, accused of killing his employers. Killed in front of a crowd of 2000+ witnesses. Hanged, dismembered, and his knuckles displayed as a warning.
76626745United States v Schippthe first time any whites were punished for participation in a lynching. Aftermath of the Ed Johnson lynching
76626771Ida B. Wellsbegan investigating lynchings after Ed Johnson case. co-founded NAACP
76632599Omaha Platformplatform of Populist party to unite all labor, farming & industrial
76632889(Henry Clay) Frickowned mill in Homestead, PA, where the very important workers strike took place
76633036Coxey's armyMarched on Washington, DC. Demanded public works program. (1890s)
7664246113th amendment"Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
76642777Plessy vs FergusonCourt rules 8-1 that the law segregating the railcars was constitutional. (1890s)
76642778(John Marshall) Harlanonly supreme court justice who opposed the ruling of Plessy vs Ferguson
7664299015th amendmentprohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
7668965014th amendment"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of live, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." overrules Dred Scott vs Sanford
76689849Chief Josephleader of the Nez Perce during General Oliver O. Howard's attempt to forcibly remove his band and the other "non-treaty" Nez Perce to a reservation in Idaho.
76689850Nez PerceWon every battle but one against the US. was fighting with only ~200 people
76689986(Colonel John) Chivingtonman responsible for the Sand Creek massacre.
76690038Wovokacreated the Ghost Dance religion
76690063Carlisle SchoolMotto was "Kill the Indian, Save the man." It was a school meant to change the Indians into whites
76690076Dawes ActEach Indian family given 160 acres, drawn from the reservation. (1880s). greatly reduced the amount of land Indian's controlled. The proceeds were used to pay for the ethnocidic schools
76690144(William Randolph) Hearstestablished first media empire. established Yellow Journalism.
76690324(Alfred) Sloancompetitor of Henry Ford's. created GM. divided GM into various companies with different images.
76690528Boer Warwar in South Africa in the 1900s where the British were fighting for control.
76690732(Samuel) Gompersbecame leader of the American Federation of Labor in the 1900s. advocated "bread and butter" unionism and kept unskilled laborers out of the AFL.
76721491sharecroppinga system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land (e.g., 50% of the crop)
76721492crop-lienway for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests. resulted in dept-peonage
76723167Mississippi Plandevised by the Democratic Party to overthrow the Republican Party in the state of Mississippi by means of organized threats of violence and suppression or purchase of the black vote, in order to regain political control of the legislature and governor's office. Later employed by most of the southern states. Included a poll tax, literacy test, & a grandfather clause
76726862Comstock actmade it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious" materials through the mail, including contraceptive devices and information.
76727246Sand Creek Massacre700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory. resulted in Congress creating 2 reservations for the Indians.
76727247Custer's Last Standan armed engagement between combined forces of Lakota and Northern Cheyenne against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army
76729899William Jennings BryanDemocratic and Populist candidate in the Election of 1896. He lost. advocated bimetalism
76734313Samuel Tildenthe Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the disputed election of 1876 (he won the popular vote).
76734314Rutherford B. HayesRepublican candidate for President in the election of 1876. was elected president through the compromise of 1877. only president whose election was decided by a congressional commission.
76735110cartels (pools)a voluntary agreement among competing companies to fix prices and divide markets. set prices, set production quotas, determine who can sell where and when.
76735756trustsCompeting companies give control of their business to a board of trustees, which then run all of the companies as a single entity.
76735757holding companyA company that buys stock in other companies.
76739730Queen LilLast queen of Hawaii. Was imprisoned by American businessmen looking to annex Hawaii to the US
76740500USS Maineexploded under mysterious conditions. Helped to spur the Spanish American War
76740561DeLome LetterLetter written by Spain's ambassador to the US insulting Pres. McKinley. Helped to spur the Spanish American War
76741633Mahanfavored modernization and expansion of the Navy. Ideas were followed by US and Germany.
76741889Teller amendmentthe US has no territorial designs on Cuba and will not seek to annex Cuba.
76742270(Major Littleton) Waller.destroyed the entire village of Samar during the Spanish American War
76742271(General Jacob) Smithordered the destruction of Samar (Spanish American War)
76742788Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineUS will militarily intervene in the western hemisphere to contain any problem that might bring foreign intervention.
76742858Platt Amendmentamendment to Cuban constitution allowing US to intervene in Cuban affairs as it deemed necessary.
76804880Marcus Garveyfounder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Pan-Africanist. Separatist.
76804881IWW (Industrial Workers of the World)international workers union. split by internal conflict in the 1920s.
76804882muckrackera reporter or writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports involving a host of social issues, broadly including crime and corruption
76805803The Junglenovel by Upton Sinclair. highlighted the plight of the working class and showed the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century.
7680609016th amendmentallows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results.
7680609117th amendmentestablished direct election of United States Senators by popular vote
7680609218th amendmentestablished Prohibition in the United States
7680609319th amendmentprohibits each state and the federal government from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's sex.
76815452Zimmerman telegramletter from German Foreign secretary to Germany's ambassador to Mexico proposing that Mexico join Germany in war against the United States. As part of this, if the Germans won, they promised to return the land of the US that was part of the Mexican Cession.
76815453LusitaniaBritish ship sunk during WWI
76816785Espionage Actprohibited any attempt to interfere with military operations, support America's enemies during wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or interfere with military recruitment. (WWI era)
76816786Sedition Actforbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces or that caused others to view the American government or its institutions with contempt
76929666AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)the government paid farmers to grow nothing or eliminate excess livestock.
76929667NRA (National Recovery Act)bring together labor, management, and government to rationally plan industry.
76930951fascismgovernment directs and controls the economy with private investment.
76930952welfare capitalismgovernment assumes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens
76930953totalitarian communismstate direction AND state ownership.
76931370(John Maynard) Keynesauthor of the Economic Consequences of Peace
76932297(Samuel) InsullCreated the national power grid. Built a business empire on massive debt.
76934051Scopes Trialhigh school biology teacher was accused of violating the state's Butler Act which made it unlawful to teach evolution.
76948553Immigration ActEthnic groups could come into the United States each year at a rate of 2% of their 1890 population (1920s)
76950169(David) Stephensonorganized the KKK in the 20's, sold robes. His conviction for kidnapping signaled the end of the new KKK.
76950365UNIA (United Negro Improvement Agency)organized by Marcus Garvey. Operated grocery stores, restaurants, clothing stores, and even operated a steamship line called the Black Star Line
76950617Eugene Debsleader of the IWW. Was arrested for violating Espionage & Sedition Acts. Ran for president from Jail.
76975311Blue LawsMade it illegal to conduct most forms of business on Sunday.
76983758SewardEnvisioned an empire stretching from Alaska to Mexico to Iceland, but only acquired Alaska and the Midway Islands.
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history 1302 vocab terms part 2 Flashcards

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572399102bill mauldinAmerican cartoonist whose World War II cartoons gave people at home a soldier's point on view on life in the army.
572399103Operation "Overlord"the code name for the Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy on June 6, 1944; also known as D-Day
572399104"Final Solution"'The Final Solution for the Jewish Question' was the cover name for Hitler's plan to destroy all the Jews in Europe, It began in December 1941
572399105Yalta Conference1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war
572399106HiroshimaCity in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. (p. 797)
572399107G.I. Bill of RightsAlso known as Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 gave money to veternas to study in colleges, universities, gave medical treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new business
572399108Truman DoctrineFirst established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any nation threatened by communism.
572399109Marshall PlanA plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.
572399110"Iron Curtain"a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region
572399111NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
572399112Berlin AirliftJoint effort by the US and Britian to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city
572399113House Un-American Activities CommitteeCongressional committee created in 1938 to investigate U.S. citizens suspected of communist activities
572399114Mutually Assured destructiona doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender.[
572399115Korean WarThe conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.
572399116Julius & Ethel Rosenbergcommunists who received international attention when they were executed having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage in relation to passing information on the American atomic bomb to the Soviet Union
572399117Brown vs. Board of Education1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
572399118"Quiz Show" scandalsthe realization in the 1950s that the quiz shows were rigged and contestants had become basically actors on many of the shows
572399119Baby BoomAn increase in population by almost 30 million people. This spurred a growth in suburbs and three to four children families.
572399120SputnikFirst artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.
572399121"Duck and Cover"Schoolchildren practiced crawling under their desks and putting their hands over their heads to protect themselves from an atomic bomb attack.
572399122ENIACElectronic Numerical Integrator and Computer; U.S. government-sponsored machine developed to calculate the settings used for weapons
572399124Rosa ParksRefused to give up her seat to a white passenger. After she was jailed, the Montgomery bus boycott was organized.
572399126Elvis PresleyUnited States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977)
572399128U-2 IncidentThe downing of a U.S. spy plane and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960.
572399131Berlin Walla wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
572399133Cuban Missile CrisisBrink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the latter's placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba.
572399135Bay of PigsIn April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro.
572399138November 22, 1963the assasination of president JFK in dallas texas
572399140Civil Rights Act of 1964This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.
572399142"Great Society"President Johnson's program to reduce poverty and racial injustice and to promote a better quality of life in the US
572399145Gulf of Tonkin Resolution1964 Congressional resolution that authorized President Johnson to commit US troops to south vietnam and fight a war against north Vietnam
572399147Tet Offensivea massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities early in 1968
572399150Kent StateOhio college where an anti-war protest got way out of hand, the Nat'l Guard was called in and killed 3 students (innocent & unarmed,wounded 9) in idiscriminate fire of M-1 rifles
572399152WatergateThe events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment.
572399153Pentagon PapersA 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War.
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history 1302 #3 Flashcards

history 1302 #3

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360545578LIST: Causes of Great Depression1. overproduction 2. misdistribution of purchasing power 3. lack of diversification in American economy 4. credit structure 5. international trade 6. debt
360545579LIST: What Klu Klux Klan was against1. foreigners 2. Catholics 3. blacks 4. pacifists 5. communist 6. revolutionist 7. bootlegging 8. gambling 9. adultery 10. birth control
360545580Problems with Politics•Democrats sensed an opportunity to regain the White House •Republicans were devastated by the Depression •Made references to the President in "poor" terms
360545581Other Acts Under Hoover•Glass Stegall Act: allowed loans for businesses •Federal Home Loan Act: Created discounts for home mortgages •Emergency Relief Construction Act: made relief available to the states; & made more money available for public works andconstruction
360545582The Bonus Army•Congress had approved a long-term pension plan in 1924 for World War I veterans •Veterans want their pensions and they march on Washington •Congress refused to pay the bonus early
360545583Douglas MacArthur•Ordered to have the Army help the Capital Police •Pushed to Bonus Army out of DC •Some marchers were injured and one baby died
360545584Who was in the election of 1932•Herbert Hoover (Democrat) •Franklin D. Roosevelt (Reublican)
360545585LIST: Challenges Facing the New Deal1.Revive the economy 2.Relieve the human misery 3.Restore agriculture
360545586What was the Brain Trust•A group of men who were Ivy Leaguers •Trying anything to see if it works •Used propaganda to spin things in a positive light
360545587What were Fireside Chats•Engaged the American people by using the radio •FDR was trying to explain his policies to the American people
360545588Pre-World War II: Disarmament•This was the desire after World War I •Didn't want to have a naval arms race
360545589Five Power Naval Treaty•Adopted a tonnage agreement on battleships •All five promised not to fortify holdings in the Pacific
360545590Four Power Naval Treaty•Agreed to respect each other's possessions in the Pacific •Agreed to defer any disputes to outside consultation
360545591Nine Power Naval Treaty•Pledged to support the Open Door Policy to China •All nations could compete for trade in China
360545592Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928•Agreement between France and the United States: agreement to never go to war with each other (France and U.S.)
360545593Battle of Britain•Tried to bomb England into submission •Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister •Hitler's blunder: did not focus on the airfields; & wanted to destroy London
360545594Lend-Lease Act•The U.S. supplied goods to Britain, France the Soviet Union, China, and other Allied Nations •U.S. got military bases in return
360545595Pearl Harbor•December 7, 1941 •Japanese goal was to take as much of the Pacific Rim as possible •Primary goal was to take out American Aircraft Carriers •Secondary goal was the American Battleships
360545596LIST: Reasons why Pearl Harbor was a Japanese Failure1.Failed to sink aircraft carriers 2.Forced the aircraft carriers into its primary role 3.Did not attack oil storage facilities 4.United the people of America
360545597Operation Torch•Invasion of Northern Africa •A strategic move designed to liberate North Africa •Trying to prevent Hitler from gaining access to oil in Africa and the Middle East
360560371Pact of Paris- Opened to all other countries - Condemned war as a Foreign Policy
360570297Rehabilitation of European Countries- Josef Stalin (Russia/Soviet Union) - Charles de Galle (France)
360570298The American and British Alliance•Focus on the war in Europe first •No substitution for victory •All American war plans were organized by George C. Marshall (everything) •Dwight D. Eisenhower placed in charge of Europe (only Europe) •Britain did not want an immediate invasion of Europe
360570299Battle of Britain•Tried to bomb England into submission •Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister •Hitler's blunder: did not focus on the airfields; & wanted to destroy London
360570300World War II•United States avoided the War •War starts up again in the Spring 1940 - Hitler attacks Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway -Hitler reaches the English Channel -By May 1940, France had fallen to the Germans
360570301Adolf Hitler•Leader of the National Socialist Party •Duplicated Fascism in Germany •Claimed Germany had been stabbed in the back by the Treaty of Versailles •Said the Germany military did not lose World War I •Blamed Germany's problem on the Jews -Jews were hated because they crucified Jesus -Jews runs banks and charge interests rates to Catholics
360570302Benito Mussolini•Came into power in Italy •Nickname was "Il Duce" •Made promises to the Italians -wanted to restore pride and order -wanted to bring all Italians together
360570303Leading to War•Russia and China started fighting over lands -fighting over Manchuria •Japan steps in to secure the Southern Manchurian Railway -they eventually gained all of Manchuria and renamed it Manchukuo •This was an undeclared war and violated the Nine Power Treaty •In 1932, Japan bean bombing civilians in Shanghai -China protested to the League of Nations
360570304Japan•Began acquiring more land -took Shan Tung Peninsula from China -Gained former German colonies in the Pacific •Fought with the Americans during World War I
360570305The First 100 days•Banking Relief Act: closes down banks for 4 days...4 day bank holiday •Slashed government pensions •21st amendment: repeal prohibition •Farm Credit Administration: refinances farm mortgages •Securities and Exchange Commission: created by Federal Securities Act which puts more restrictions on stock market
360570306The Great Depression: By the Numbers•Unemployment Rates -Cleveland- 50% unemployed -Akron- 60% unemployed -Toledo- 80% unemployed •Dust Bowl -1929-1932 -Temperatures soared and the rain stopped -people moved to California
360570307Is Depression Over?•Indicators were showing that the Depression might be over •Hoover cleared all debts from World War I •Europeans left the Gold Standard •Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) : made federal loans to banks, life insurance companies, saving and loan companies, mortgage associations, and the railroad
360570308Herbert Hoover's Reaction•Believed in laissez faire economics •Tried to change the economic outcome through positive statements •Authorized public work programs •Had the Federal Reserve loosen credit restrictions •Had Congress pass tax reductions •Authorized the Federal farm Board •Urged Congress to pass the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (first tariff to protect farmers)
360576837what does TVA stand forTennessee Valley Authority
360576838what does CCC stand forCivillian Conservation Coprs
360576839what does WPA stand forWorks Progress Administration
360576840what does NRA stand forNational Recovery Administration
360576841what does AAA stand forAgricultural Adjustment Administration
360576842what does NATO stand forNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization
360774127Scopes Trialhigh school biology teacher was prosecuted for teaching evolution
360774128nativismhostility to things foreign
360774129National Origins Quota Actlimited immigration from Europe
360774130Wagner Actprovided federal support for efforts to unionize workers, and extended collective bragaining to the auto and steel industries
360774131court-packing schemeFDR asked congress to apooint a new justice for each member of the Court over 70
360774132who were the Axis Powersgermany, italy, and japan
360774133neutrality actsthe U.S. would not sell war equipment to warring nations, wouldn't give them loans, and wouldn't sail on their ships or in their waters
360774134D-dayEisenhower led troops into France to try and defeat Hitler
360774135Nazi Holocaustslaughter of 6 million Jews and others Hitler saw unfit
360774136Yalta ConferenceFDR, Winston Churchiil, and Stalin met and decided on final WWII plans
360774137Manhattan Projecttop secret project to develop the atomic bomb
360774138iron curtainStalin surpressed individual rights of people in Eastern Europe
360774139containmentU.S. tried to stop the spread of communism
360774140Truman DoctrinePresident Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology
360774141Marshall Plana United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe
360774142National Security Actestablished a Department of Defense
360774143Taft-Hartley Actoutlawed "closed shops and required union leaders to sign loyalty oath and required 80 day cooling off period before strike
360774144McCarthyismThe act of accusing people of disloyalty and communism
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U.S. History 1302 Test Two Flashcards

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151852051Journalists who exposed the wrongs of American society during the Progressive era were called what?muckrakers
151852052How could voters propose new laws in the progressive era?initiative
151852053Which president established our nation's first conservation policy?Theodor Roosevelt
151852054The Nineteenth Amendment did what?gave women the right to vote
151852055A new progressive type of city government, the city commission, was pioneered in what city?Galveston
151852056The most famous reform governor of the Progressive period was who?Robert Lafollette
151852057Margaret Sanger led what movement ?Birth Control
151852058What was created Largely because of Upton Sinclair's book, The Jungle?meat inspections
151852059The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 established a central bank did what?set up 12 banking districts and controlled the availability of credit; first bank system since Jackson ruined the second bank of the US
151852060Why did Woodrow Wilson win the election of 1912 ?Roosevelt split the Republican vote
151852061While he was president, what did Theodore Roosevelt label his reform proposals ?square deal-fair for everyone
151852062The spark that touched off the First World War was what?archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by a Bosnian who was a Serb nationalist; Germany offers Austria a "Blank Check" if she wishes to retaliate against serbia
151852063In the First World War, Germany was allied with what countries?Triple Alliance-Germany, Austria/Hungry, Turkey
151852064The German government decided to engage in unrestricted submarine warfare because why?Germany was gambling that they could impede munition shipments (supplies) and beat the allies before America could mobilize
151852065The military outcome of the First World War was decided by what?Navy? ***
151852066The Sedition Act made it illegal to do what?Speak against the war
151852067Describe US participation in the First World War.Helped the allies who were losing, but it didn't help when russia pulled out in 1917.
151854865Wartime jobs in the _______ prompted a massive migration of African Americans.North
151854866What type of fighting did the soldiers MOST engage in during World War I?trench warfare
151854867On May 7, 1915, the British unarmed ship, the __________ was sunk by a German submarine.Lusitania
151854868Which countries made up the "Big Four" at the Versailles Conference?US, Great Britain, France, Italy-NOT GERMANY
151854869Wilson's major goals at Paris were what?14 point plan-diplomacy, freedom of seas, lower tariffs, reduction of arms, decolonization, LEAGUE OF NATIONS, etc
151854870Did The Senate unanimously vote to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?no
151854871Describe America's contribution in World War I.stayed neutral in the beginning, but still helped Great Britain by sending arms secretly. ***
151854872What was the War Industries Board?Large government board to organize industry (production, coordinates economy, conversion for war effort)
151854873What did The Zimmerman Telegram say?From Germany to Mexico to get an alliance and go against the US-Germany would help Mexico get lost territory back; INTERCEPTED
151854874What sacrifices were Americans asked to commit in WWI?selective service, loan drivers/taxes, food/fuel adm. ***
151854875When was Day light savings time implemented?WWI
151854876What type of people worked in the factories during the war?Women, Mexican Americans, African Americans
151854877What was the Committee on Public Information ?US Propaganda
151854878What was The Triple Entente ?Alliance between England, France, and Russia
151854879What was The Harlem Renaissance?Rebirth of African American culture
151854880The administrations of Harding, Coolidge and Hoover can best be described how?laissez faire
151854881The signatories of the treaties of the Washington Conference of 1922 agreed to do/not do what?four power treaty-US, Great Britain, France, Japan; agreed to respect each other's pacific possessions, limit naval armaments.
151854882What were the causes of the Great Depression?we produced more than we consumed
151854883Which New Deal agency was designed to help American artists?WPA
151854884What was the Teapot Dome scandal?secretary of the interior, Albert Fall leases protected lands to oil companies for bribes
151854885This organization specifically hired young men to clear land, plant trees, improve parks, fix roads, etc... was what?Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)
151854886The Neutrality Act of 1937 stated what?warring nations wishing to trade with the US would have to pay cash and use their own ships
151854887The Indian Reorganization Act of 1936 did what?restored lands to tribal ownership and forbade future division of the land
151854888The Hundred Days refers to what?the first 3 months of FDR's term
151854889What were the characteristics of the 1920s?flappers, crimes, bootlegging, jazz music, dance, charleston, radio, Al Capone
151854890Who were the critics of the New Deal?Father Caughlin, Dr. Francis Townsend, Huey Long (page 1 of New Deal Notes)
151854891The Bonus Expeditionary Force, which marched on Washington, D.C. was composed of what type of people?WWI vets
151854892The Wagner Act did what?granted workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively
151882665What resulted from The episode in which a German submarine fired on the American destroyer Greer?US would escort British merchant ships to Iceland-moves US closer to war; ship was torpedoed which results in dropping cash/carry policy***
151882666During World War II, cases involving the internment of Japanese-Americans, the Supreme Court decided what?internment-japanese americans are put into camps (overturned in 1988)
151882667What was the new advertising medium in the roaring Twenties?radio
151882668Who was Frances Perkins?first female cabinet officer, secretary of labor
151882669The most significant New Deal reform enacted in 1935 was what?social security
151882670World War II officially began in Europe when what happened?Germany invaded Poland
151882671The purpose of the President's organization on Unemployment Relief (POUR) was to do what?generate private contributions for relief
151882672Dr. Francis Townsend advocated that the government pay $200 each month to whom?citizens over 60
151882673D-Day refers to what?operation overlord (Normandy)
151882674What contributed to the Red Scare?anti-communist hysteria
151882675What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act do?paid farmers subsidies to take land out of production
151882676Why did African-Americans support Franklin Roosevelt?he had more black advisors than any previous president
151882677What totally new industry in the United States resulted from the war?Scientific R&D Labs (synthetic rubber, atomic bomb)
151882678The __________ established yearly immigration quotasjohnson and National Origins acts
151882679Do Most historians agree that Roosevelt strengthened both the presidency and the entire federal government or not?yes
151882680The dictator of Fascist Italy was who?Benito Mussolini
151882681What was the largest industry in the 1920s?Automobile
151882682What finally ended The depression?world war II spending
151882683The first task of the War Production Board was to do what?conversion from civilian to military products
151882684What was the impact of the depression under FDR?the government assumed a greater role in American lives, strengthened presidency and the Federal Government
151882685The Good Neighbor Policy was designed to do what?US would be less blatant in its domination of Latin America-friendship, not threats
151882686The turning point of the war in Europe took place where?Russians turned the Germans back at the BATTLE OF STALINGRAD 1942
151882687The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 did what?condemned war as a solution to controversy and renounced it as an instrument of national policy
151882688The __________ was created to buy, build and operate dams.TVA
151882689The __________allowed for the appropriation of 7 billion in aid to the Allies during World War II.Lend Lease Act
151882690Sacco and Vanzetti were victims of what?racism
151882691What was created in response to the Red Scare?FBI
151882692The United States strategy in the war against Japan can be described how?Island Hopping
151882693What man was in charge of the program to build the atomic bomb?Manhattan Project/Robert Oppenheimer
151882694The campaign into Africa was called what?Operation Torch
151882695The campaign into Italy was called what?Operation Avalanche
151882696The second front was called what?Normandy
151882697What happened to FDR towards the end of the war ?died
151882698What happened to Hitler?committed suicide
151882699Who led the campaigns in the Pacific?General McArthur and Admiral Nimitz
151882700What was the turning point for the war in the Pacific?The Battle of Midway
151882701Who is the youngest president to hold office?Teddy Roosevelt
151882702What is another name for the Triparte Pact?Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis
151948458Who led the campaigns in the Pacific?General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz
152305718What day was Pearl Harbor?December 7, 1941
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History 1302- Test 1 Flashcards

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484253405Who proposed the 10% plan?Abraham Lincoln
484253406What was the 10% plan?A plan for reconstruction, that made the 13th am. accepted, must pledge loyalty to union, then admitted to the union.
484253407When was the 10% plan placed?During reconstruction, before the pardon system.
484253408How is the 10% plan significant?It shows the fatigue of the northern states, pushes radical republicans to an extreme position after Lincolns death.
484253409Who proposed the pardon system?Andrew Jonson
484253410What is the pardon system?A plan for reconstruction, that made all southern states must receive pardon.
484253411What is the process of the pardon plan?If more than 20,000 land, then must have a personal pardon (all accepted), less than 2,000 then automatically pardoned.
484253412Why is the pardon system significant?It shows importance of the south to Johnson, leads to harsher form of reconstruction.
484253413When was the pardon system?After the 10% plan. Before the military reconstruction Act.
484253414Who proposed the military reconstruction act?The radical republicans.
484253415What was the military reconstruction act?A plan for reconstruction, that divided the south into five military districts(Not TN) no confederate generals can hold offices, all states must rewrite constitutions.
484253416When was the military reconstruction act?After the pardon system, leads until republicans decide to change it.
484253417Why is the military reconstruction act significant?It ultimately decides southern reconstruction.
484253418What does the 13th am. state?Abolishes slavery.
484253419What does the 14th am. state?Due process of law, qualifies African Americans as citizens.
484253420What does the 15th am. state?Full voting rights to all men.
484253421What are the exceptions to the 15th am?Poll taxes, literary tests.
484253422Who funds the Freedman's BureauThe federal Program.
484253423What does the Freedman's Bureau do?It helps freed slaves to freed status.With education, and jobs, housing.
484253424When did the Freedman's Bureau operate?During reconstruction.
484253425Where did the Freedman's Bureau help freed slaves?The south.
484253426What is the significance of the Freedman's Bureau?It shows commitment to the freed slaves.
484253427Who are scalywags?Southerners who vote republican.
484253428Why is the scalywags significant?It shows the power of the republicans toward the south.
484253429Who are carpetbaggers?Northerners inside the south that sell manufactured goods for a profit.
484253430Why is the carpetbaggers significant?It shows the strength of the northern states in industry.
484253431What is the Ku Klux Klan?A group who are formed illegally to frighten minorities.
484253432Who do The KKK scare other than blacks?Carpetbaggers .
484253433Who is in the compromise of 1878?Samuel Tilden (D), Ruth ford B. Hayes (R)
484253434What is the compromise of 1878?Tilden and Hayes have made a tie, Hayes invites Tilden to dinner for a compromise for presidency .
484253435What was the compromise of 1878?Southerner (D) on Hayes's cabinet, federal funds to fix south's transportation, end military reconstruction act, south control race relations.
484253436Why is the compromise of 1878 significant?It ends reconstruction, backwards in race relation.
484314473Who is Andrew Carnigee?He invaded steel production.
484314474What form of integration does Andrew Carnigee use?He used vertical integration- buying all elements of production.
484314475What does Andrew write?The gospel of Wealth.
484314476What is the gospel of Wealth?Relationship between religion and money. God gave him money to give back.
484314477What is the lazzies faire?The economic government body that means no govt regulation.
484314478Who is Adam Smith?An economist who wrote Wealth of Nations
484314479Who is John D. Rockerfella?Involved in standard oil.Noted philanthropist.
484314480What type of integration does John D. Rockerfella?Horizontal integration- (buying all businesses or driving them out of business) Unoted philanthropist.
484314481Who is Alexander Graham Bell?Involved in the phone business,.
484314482What type of integration's did Alexander G. Bell use?Uses Vertical, and horizontal integration. Creating a monopoly.
484314483Who is J.P. Morgan?Involved in banking, and investing.
484314484What does J.P. Morgan do?He uses investments to secure financial resources to control industry.
484314485Who made social darwinism?Herbert Spencer
484314486What does social Darwinism state?Humans needs purification to get rid of weaker member.
484314487What is Santa Clara Vs. South Pacific?The case where railroads said that they cant tax them because they are people.
484314488What was the significance of the Santa Clara Vs. South Pacific?It leads to the growth of american industrialization.
484441160What is the pendolton act?A thing proposed by arthur to make tests mandatory to see if job will be available for the person.
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I/O Psychology Ch 1-8 Flashcards

Book: Psychology and Work Today 10th ed. Schultz

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625452780Hawthorne Studiesa series of experiments on worker productivity begun in 1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric in Illinois; attributed employees' increased output to managers' better treatment of them during the study
625452781Industrial-Occupational PsychologyThe application of the methods, facts, and principles of the science of psychology to people at work.
625452782Adverse impactunintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others
625452783Assessment CenterA method of selection and training that involves a simulated job situation in which candidates deal with actual job problems.
625452784Biodata InventoryAn employee selection technique covering an applicants past behavior, attitudes, preferences, and values.
625452785Critical-Incident TechniqueA means of identifying specific activities or behaviors that lead to desirable or undesirable consequences on the job.
625452786Halo Effectthe tendency to judge all aspects of a person's behavior or character on the basis of a single attribute
625452787Impression ManagementActing deliberately to make a good impression to present oneself in the most favorable way.
625452788In-basket TechniqueAn assessment center exercise that requires job applicants to process memos, letters, and directives found in a typical managers in-basket.
625452789job analysisThe Study of a job to describe in specific terms, the nature of the component tasks performed by the workers
625452790Leaderless Group DiscussionAn assessment center exercise in which job applicants meet to discuss an actual business problem under the pressure of time. Usually a leader emerges from the group to guide the discussion.
625452791realistic job previewA recruiting approach that gives applicants all pertinent and realistic information about the job and the organization
625452792Reverse DiscriminationThe phenomena that may occur when recruiting, hiring, promoting, and other human resources decisions in favor of members of a minority group result in discrimination against members of the majority group.
625452793Selection ratioindex ranging from 0-1 that reflects the ratio of positions to applicants; calculated by dividing the number of positions available by the number of applicants. Number of positions over number of applicants!
625452794Situational InterviewInterviews that focus not on personal characteristics or work experience, but on the behaviors needed for successful job performance.
625452795Situational TestingAn early term for the assessment-center technique; employees are placed in a simulated job setting so their behavior under stress can be observed.
625452796Structured InterviewInterviews in which a predetermined list of questions are asked of every person applying for a particular job.
625452797Unstructured InterviewInterviews in which the format and questions asked are left to the discretion of the interviewer.
625452798Work AnalysisThe study of certain tasks and skills that workers can transfer from one job to another.
625452799StandardizationThe consistency or uniformity of the conditions and procedures for administering a psychological test.
625452800Objective TestTests of which the scoring process is free of personal judgement of bias.
625452801Subjective TestTest that contain items such as essay questions. The scoring process can be influenced by the personal characteristics and attitudes of the scorer.
625452802Test NormsThe distribution of test scores of a large group of people similar in nature to the job applicants being tested.
625452803Standardization SampleThe group of subjects used ot establish test norms. The scores of the standardization sample serve as the point of comparison for determining the relative standing of the persons being tested.
625452804ReliabilityThe consistency or stability of a response on a psychological test.
625452805Test-Related MethodA way to determine test reliability that involves administering a new test twice to the same group of subjects and correlating the two sets of scores.
625452806Equivalent-Forms Methoda way to determine test reliability that involves administering similar forms of a new test to the same group of subjects and correlating the two sets of scores
625452807Split-Halves MethodA method of calculating reliability by comparing the results of two equivalent measures made at the same time.
625452808ValidityThe determination of whether a psychological test or other selection device measures what is intended to measure.
625452809Criterion-related ValidityRefers to the link between a selection device and job performance.
625452810Predictive ValidityAn approach to establishing criterion-related validity in which all candidates are tested and hired, and then when job performance metrics are obtained, they are compared against the test results to see how well the test predicted job success.
625452811Concurrent Validityway to establish criterion-related validity that involves testing current employees and correlating their scores with job performance data
625452812Rational ValidityThe type of validity that relates to the nature, properties, and content of a test, independent of its relationship to job performance measures.
625452813Content ValidityA type of validity that assesses test items to ensure that they adequately sample the sill the test is designed to measure.
625452814Construct ValidityA type of validity that attempts to determine the psychological characteristics measured by a test.
625452815Face ValidityA subjective impression of how well test items seem to be related to the requirements of a job.
625452816Validity GeneralizationThe idea that tests valid in one situation may also be valid in another situation.
625452817Race NormingPractice of adjusting test scores, using different cutoff scores, or altering the results of employment-related tests on the basis of race, religion, sex, national origin of test takers. Now Outlawed.
625452818BandingA controversial practice of grouping test scores for minority job applicants to equalize hiring rates.
625452819Types of Psychological TestsGroup Tests, Individual Tests, Computerized Adaptive Tests, Speed and Power Tests
625452820What do tests measureCognitive abilities (intelligence), Interests, Aptitudes, Personality, Projective techniques (Rorschach).
625452821Performance AppraisalsThe periodic, formal evaluation of employee performance for the purpose of making career decisions.
625452822Merit RatingObjective rating methods designed to provide an objective eval of work performance.
625452823Rating ScalesPerformance Appraisal technique using degree or number scale to rate employees performance.
625452824Ranking Techniquesupervisors list workers in their group in order from highest to lowest or best to worst.
625452825Paired Comparison Techniquecomparing each employee's performance with that of every other employee.
625452826Forced Distribution TechniqueSupervisors rate employees according to a prescribed distribution of ratings, similar to grading on a curve.
625452827Forced-Choice Techniqueraters are presented with a group of descriptive statements and are asked to select the phrase in each group that is most descriptive or lest descriptive of the workers being evaluated.
625452828Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)appraisers rate critical employee behaviors..
625452829Behavioral Observation Scale (BOS)Appraisers rate the frequency of critical employee behaviors.
625452830Management by Objectives (MBO)A process of setting mutually-agreed upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance.
625452831Peer RatingManagers and executives at the same level assess one another abilities and job behaviors.
625452832360 degree Feedbackcombines ratings from several sources such as superiors, peers, subordinates, and self.
625452833Types of Bias in Performance Appraisals-Halo Effect, -Constant bias, -Most recent performance error, -inadequate information error, -Average Rating Error -Interpersonal Error, Attribution Error Role Conflict.
625452834Needs AssessmentAn analysis of corporate and individual goals undertaken before designing a training program.
625452835Vestibule TrainingTraining that takes place n a simulated workspace.
625452836Behavior ModificationA training program of positive reinforcement to reward employees for displaying desirable job behaviors.
625452837Types of Training (non-management)-On the Job Training -Vestibule Training -Apprenticeship -Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) -Net Based Training -Behavior Modification
625452838Types of Training (management)-Job Rotation -Case Studies -Business Games -In basket techniques -Role Playing -Behavior Modelling -Executive Coaching -Diversity Training
625452839Scientific ManagementA management philosophy concerned with increasing productivity that regarded workers as extension of the machines they operated.
625452840Theory X/ Theory YContrasting theories of management. Theory X sees workers as lazy and disliking of work and therefore must be led and directed. Theory Y assumes that people find satisfaction in their work and function best under a leader who allows them to participate in working both personal and organizational goals.
625452841Contingency TheoryA leadership theory in which a leaders effectiveness is determined by the interaction between the leaders persona characteristics and the characteristics of the leadership situation.
625452842Path-goal TheoryA leadership theory that focuses on the kinds of behaviors leaders should exercise to allow their subordinates to achieve personal and organizational goals.
625452843Leader-Member exchangeA leadership theory that focuses on how the leader-follower relationship affects the leadership process.
625452844Implicit Leadership theoryDescribes a good leader in terms of one's past experiences with different types of leaders.
625452845Authoritarian LeadershipA leadership style in which leader makes all decisions and tells followers what to do.
625452846Democratic LeadershipA leadership style in which a leader and followers discuss problems and make decisions jointly.
625452847Transactional LeadershipA leadership style that focuses on the social interactions between leaders and followers, based on followers' perceptions of an expectations about the leaders abilities.
625452848Transformational LeadershipA style in which leaders are not constrained by their followers perceptions but are free to act to change or transforms their followers views.
625452849Charismatic LeadershipA style characterized by a self-promoting personality, a high energy level, and a willingness to take risks. Charismatic leaders stimulate their followers to think independently.
625452850Leadership Theories-Contingency Theory -Path-goal Theory -Leader Member exchange -Implicit Leadership Theory
625452851Leadership Styles-Authoritarian/Democratic -Transactional/Transformational -Charismatic leadership
625452852Pygmalion EffectA self-fulfilling prophecy in which managers expectations about the level of their employees job performance can influence that performance.
625452853Consideration Leadership FunctionsLeadership behaviors that involve awareness of and sensitivity to the feelings of subordinates.
625452854Initiating structure leadership functionsLeadership behaviors concerned with organizing, defining, and directing the work activities of subordinates.
625452855Achievement Motivation TheoryThe theory of motivation that emphasizes the need to accomplish something, to do a good job, and to be the best. -McClelland
625452856Needs hierarchy TheoryTheory of motivation that encompasses physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs. -Maslow
625452857Motivator-Hygiene (2-factor) TheoryThe theory of motivation that explains work motivation and job satisfaction in terms of job tasks and workplace features. -Herzberg
625452858Job EnrichmentAn effort to expand the scope of a job to give employees a greater role in planning, performing, and evaluating their work.
625452859Job-characteristic TheoryThe theory of motivation that states the specific job characteristics lead to psychological conditions that can increase motivation, performance, and satisfaction in employees who have a high growth need.
625452860Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy (VIE) TheoryTheory of motivation that states that people make choices that are based on their perceived expectations that certain rewards will follow if they behave in a particular way. -Victor Vroom -Valence: a psychological value -Instrumentality: will outcome lead to further outcomes? -Expectancy: expecting certian job behaviors to lead to particular outcome.
625452861Equity theoryTheory of motivation that states that peoples motivations on the job is influenced by their perception of how fairly they are treated. -J. Stacy Adams
625452862Goal Setting TheoryTheory of motivation based on the idea that a person's motivation of the job is defined in terms of the desire to achieve a particular goal.
625452863Job SatisfactionOur positive and negative feelings and attitudes about our jobs.
625452864Job CongruenceThe match between a persons abilities an the requirements of a job.
625452865Prosocial behaviorBehaviors directed toward supervisors, co-workers, and clients that are helpful to an organization.
625452866Merit PayPay based on performance.
625452867Wage incentive systemThe primary pay system for production workers in which the more units produced, the higher the wage.
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APUSH Chapter 23 Flashcards

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563920663ulysses s. grant-republican nominee -elected because democrats were disorganized and republicans had waved the "bloody shirt" (relived his war victories)
563920664horatio seymour-ran against grant in election -democratic candidate -didnt accept redemption of greenbacks for maximum value platform
563920665corrupt politics-railroad promoters cheated customers -stock market investors -too many judges and legislators put power up for hire -Fisk and Gould -Tweed Ring -Grant didnt see corruption
563920666Jim Fisk and Jay Gould-2 millionaires -plan to corner gold market by getting grant to stop letting treasury sell gold -plan failed
563920667Tweed Ring-"tammany hall" of NYC -headed by Boss Tweed -used bribery, graft, and fake elections -cheated city out of $200 million -caught and jailed; died in jail
563920668Samuel J. Tilden-gained fame by leading prosecution of Tweed -ran against hayes as democrat in 1876
563920669Thomas Nastpolitical cartoonist who drew against Tammany's corruption
563920670Credit Mobilier-railroad construction company that paid itself huge sums of money for small railroad construction -busted by ny newspaper -2 members of congress formally censured -VP had accepted 20 shares of stock from them
563920671Whiskey Ring-robbed treasury of millions of dollars -grant's private secretary was one of criminals (grant retracted "let no guilty man escape")
563920672William Belknapsecretary of war who sold $24,000 of junk to indians; pocketed it
563984144horace greeley-liberal republican party -called an atheist, communist, vegetarian, and signer of davis's bail bond -crushed by grant
563984145amnesty actremoved political disabilities from all but some 500 former confederate leaders
563984146panic of 1873-caused by too many railroads and factories being formed than existing markets could bear (OVER SPECULATION) -over-loaning by banks to those projects (TOO EASY CREDIT) -started with failure of Jay Cooke & Company -cheap money supporters -hard money
563984147cheap money supportersthose who wanted greenbacks to be printed en mass again, to create inflation
563984148hard moneyactual gold and silver; supporters persuaded grant to veto a bill that would print more paper money
563984149resumption act of 1875pledged the government to further withdraw greenbacks and made all further redemption of paper money in gold at face value
563984150bland-allison actinstructed treasury to buy and coin between $2 million and $4 million worth of silver bullion each month; minimal effect
563984151greenback labor partycreated in response to republican hard money policy
563984152the gilded age-term coined by mark twain -times looked good but below the surface, there were many problems
563984153differences between republicans and democrats-republicans: traced lineage to puritanism, had strong votes in north and west, from G.A.R. -democrats: like lutherans and roman catholics, strong support in south
563984154Grand Army of the Republicorganization made up of former union veterans; republican voters
563984155Roscoe Conklingstalwarts; led republican infighting
563984156James G. Blainehalf-breeds; led republican infighting
565856661Rutherford B. Hayes-"great unknown" -republican nominee -pres because of comp of 1877
565856662electoral count actset up an electoral commission that consisted of 15 men selected from the senate, the house, and the supreme court, which would count the votes
565856663david davis15th man who was supposed to be an independent in the electoral count act's commission
565856664compromise of 1877-north: hayes would become president if he removed troops from 2 remaining southern states (LA and SC); a bill would subsidize the texas and pacific rail line -south: military rule and reconstruction ended when military pulled out of south -abandoned blacks in south by withdrawing troops
565856665civil rights act of 1875last attempt at protection of black rights; declared unconstitutional by supreme court in the 1883 civil rights cases
565856666sharecroppersblacks who provided nothing but labor
565856667tenant farmersblacks who could provide their own tools
565856668how whites asserted power after recon-literacy requirements for voting -voter registration laws -poll taxes
565856669plessy v. fergusonsupreme court ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were constitution; thus, jim crow segregation was legalized
565856670railroad strike-presidents of 4 largest railroads cut wages by 10% -workers struck back and stopped working -hayes tried to stop it by sending troops and violence erupted -100 people died
565856671denis kearneyirish man in san francisco who incited his followers to terrorize the chinese
565856672chinese exclusion actbarred any chinese from entering the united states; first law limiting immigration
565856673james a. garfield-ohio man who had been general in CW -ran with arthur as vp -squeaked by in popular vote -hated to say "no"
565856674winfield s. hancock-CW general who appealed to south due to his fair treatment of it during recon -veteran wounded at gettysburg
565856675Chester Arthur-notorious stalwart who was VP with Garfield -became president when garfield died -gave cold shoulder to stalwarts -pendleton act
565856676Charles J. Guiteaushot garfield because he was not appointed to office; tried to use "insanity defense" but was hanged anyway
565856677pendleton act-"magna carta of civil service reform" -awarded gov jobs based on ability rather than connection -prohibited financial assessments on jobholders -set up civil service commission
565856678civil service commission-set up by pendleton act -administered open competitive service
565856679Mugwumpsrepublican reformers who did not support Blaine and switched to democratic party
565856680Grover Cleveland-democratic candidate of 1884 -mudslinging because he fathered illegitimate child -new york voted for cleveland because blaine insulted the irish -laissez faire captialism -military pension issues -depression of 1893
565856681Thomas B. Reed-speaker of the house during cleveland's presidency -"billion dollar" congress
565856682billion dollar congresslegislated many expensive projects
565856683populist party-disgruntled farmers -called for inflation via free coinage of silver -called for litany of items (graduated income tax, gov regulation of railroads and phones, direct election of US senators, 1 term limit, initiative and referendum, shorter workday, immigrant restriction)
565856684depression of 1893-first panic in new urban and industrial age -treasury still had to issue gold for notes it had paid in the sherman silver purchase act
565856685adlai e. stevenson"soft money" (paper money) man, would have cause chaos with inflation if cleveland had died
565856686william jennings bryan33 year old who was advocating "free silver" and gaining support; alienated by cleveland
565856687why cleveland was embarrassed-resorted to JP Morgan to bale out depression -wilson gorman tariff -supreme court had struck down income tax
565856688wilson gorman tariffcleveland had promised to lower tariff but so much had been added that he wouldnt pass it
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Ch03 Campbell Biology, 9th ed. Flashcards

Mr. Ide's AP Biology study group for the 2011-2012 school year.

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380617293A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.Acid
380617294A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.Base
380617295A solution that contains a weak acid and its corresponding base. A buffer minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the solution.Buffer
380617296The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie.Calorie (cal)
380617297A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9(°F - 32) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C.Celsius scale
380617298The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.Cohesion
380617299A mixture made up of a liquid and particles that (because of their large size) remain suspended rather than dissolved in that liquid.Colloid
380617300The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state.Evaporative cooling
380617301The total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also called thermal energy. Heat is energy in its most random form.Heat
380617302A unit of energy: 1 J = 0.239 cal; 1 cal = 4.184 J.Joule (J)
380617303The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter.Kinetic energy
380617304A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.Molarity
380617305The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules.Mole (mol)
380617306The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight.Molecular mass
380617307Decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels.Ocean acidification
380617308A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.Polar covalent bond
380617309A substance that is dissolved in a solution.Solute
380617310A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.Solution
380617311The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known.Solvent
380617312The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C.Specific heat
380617313A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.Surface tension
380617314A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules.Temperature
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Ch02 Campbell Biology, 9th ed. Flashcards

Mr. Ide's AP Biology study group for the 2011-2012 school year.

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379101185A small, very toxic molecule (NH3) produced by nitrogen fixation or as a metabolic waste product of protein and nucleic acid metabolism.Ammonia
379101186A negatively charged ion.Anion
379101187The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.Atom
379101188The total mass of an atom, which is the mass in grams of 1 mole of the atom.Atomic mass
379101189An atom's dense central core, containing protons and neutrons.Atomic nucleus
379101190The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the elemental symbol.Atomic number
379101191A positively charged ion.Cation
379101192An attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.Chemical bond
379101193In a chemical reaction, the state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, so that the relative concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time.Chemical equilibrium
379101194The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter.Chemical reaction
379101195A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.Compound
379101196A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.Covalent bond
379101197A measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles; the same as the atomic mass unit, or amu.Dalton
379101198The sharing of two pairs of valence electrons by two atoms.Double bond
379101199A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.Electron
379101200An energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom.Electron shell
379101201The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond.Electronegativity
379101202Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions.Element
379101203The capacity to cause change, especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force).Energy
379101204A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.Hydrogen bond
379101205An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge.Ion
379101206A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.Ionic bond
379101207A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called a salt.Ionic compound
379101208One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass.Isotope
379101209The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.Mass number
379101210Anything that takes up space and has mass.Matter
379101211A type of molecular notation representing the quantity of constituent atoms, but not the nature of the bonds that join them.Molecular formula
379101212Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.Molecule
379101213A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral), with a mass of about 1.7 × 10-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom.Neutron
379101214A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.Nonpolar covalent bond
379101215(1) An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.Nucleus
379101216The three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time.Orbital
379101217A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.Polar covalent bond
379101218The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure).Potential energy
379101219A material resulting from a chemical reaction.Product
379101220A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7 × 10-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom.Proton
379101221An isotope (an atomic form of a chemical element) that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy.Radioactive isotope
379101222A starting material in a chemical reaction.Reactant
379101223A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called an ionic compound.Salt
379101224A single covalent bond; the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.Single bond
379101225A type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds.Structural formula
379101226An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.Theory
379101227An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts.Trace element
379101228The bonding capacity of a given atom; usually equals the number of unpaired electrons required to complete the atom's outermost (valence) shell.Valence
379101229An electron in the outermost electron shell.Valence electron
379101230The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom.Valence shell
379101231Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations.van der Waals interactions
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APUSH UNIT 1 Flashcards

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562977504CrusadersChristians who drove out the Muslims and acquired tastes for Asian goods = exploration
562977506Marco PoloItalian adv. "Book of China" = Europe wanted a cheaper route route Asia
562977509Bartholomeau Dias1488 rounded the south tip of Africa
562977513Vasco da Gamareached India "Indies - myst. land of oriental" and returned with jewels and spices
562977523Henry the NavigatorPortuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of Western European expansion
562977524Treaty of TordesaillasSpain secured NA by dividing with Portugal Spain with the U.S.
562977525Vasco Balboafirst to sail the pacific in 1513
562977526Ferdinand Magellan1519 5 ships and beaten through the tip of South America and killed, last boat sailed back 1522 - first circumnavigation of the globe
562977527Ponce de Leonexplored Florida for fountain of youth and dead by Indian arrow
562977528Francisco Coronadowandered through Colorado and the canyon
562977529Hernando de Sotolooking for gold he found the Mississippi river, abused Indians
562977530Hernando CortesSpanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) --Mestizos
562977531Francisco Pizarrocrushed the Incas of Peru in 1632 and profited from silver led to capitalism
562977532Aztecsthey settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. (polytheistic).
562977533IncasAncient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru. Built a huge empire there.
562977534Francis Draketo promote Protestantism he would attack Spanish ships and land and returned in 1580 with Spanish money work with Queen Elizabeth
562977535Humphrey Gilberttried to colonize in NA but died
562977536Walter RaleighBrother of Gilbert tried to colonize at Roanoke which disappeared
562977537Elizabeth IReestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
562977538Protestant ReformationReligious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England
562977539Spanish Armadaappointed by Philip II of Spain were used to attack Eng. who fount back and was crushed in a storm = eng to Spanish's imperial dream
562977540Enclosure Movementlandholders in Eng. closing croplands for sheep grazing, forcing farmers elsewhere due to population
562977541Joint Stock Companyforerunner of the modern corporation enable number of investors to pool heir capital
562977542JamestownVirginia Company settled a colony in Virginia and made a charter equal right as Eng. nightmare with no food
562977543John Smithsaved Virginia 1608 kidnapped by Ind. saved by Chief's daughter, Pocahontas who began to help them
562977544John Rolfemarried to Pocahontas father of tobbaco bus. and economic savings of Virginia
562977545cash cropa readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market tobacco
562977546starving timeJamestown winter of 1609 - 1610; people starved because there wasn't much food
562977547House of BurgessesLo. Co. authorized the settlers to make an assembly a miniature parliament in Virginia who had a self gov.
562977548George CalvertHe received Maryland as a refuge for Catholics he is also known as the first Lord Baltimore
562977549Act of Tolerationa 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians
562977550charter coloniescolony established by a group of settlers who had been given a formal document allowing them to settle
562977551proprietary coloniesColonies in which the proprietors (who had obtained their patents from the king) named the governors, subject to the king's approval.
562977552royal coloniesColonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king's veto power over colonial laws.
562977553James Oglethorpe...
562977554soil butchery...
562977555John Calvin...
562977556Martin Luther...
562977557predestination...
562977558visible saints...
562977559salvation by faith...
562977560salvation by works...
562977561Henry VIII...
562977562Church of England...
562977563Anglican Church...
562977564Puritans...
562977565Separatists...
562977566Pilgrims...
562977567Mayflower Compact...
562977568William Bradford...
562977569John Winthrop...
562977570Great Puritan Migration...
562977571Theocracy...
562977572"City of God"...
562977573"City on a hill"...
562977574General Court...
562977575John Cotton...
562977576Protestant work ethic...
562977577"Blue laws"...
562977578Anne Hutchinson...
562977579Roger Williams...
562977580Thomas Hooker...
562977581Fundamental Orders...
562977582Separation of church and state...
562977583Ferdiando Gorges...
562977584New England Confederation...
562977585John Mason...
562977586King Philip's War...
562977587Dominion of New England...
562977588Edmund Andros...
562977589mercantilism...
562977590Trade and Navigation Acts...
562977591Glorious Revolution...
562977592headright system...
562977593indentured servants...
562977594New Swedan...
562977595Peter Stuyvesant...
562977596patroonship...
562977597New Netherland...
562977598William Penn...
562977599Quakers...
562977600"the Holy experiment"...
562977601Bacon's Rebellion...
562977602Middle Passage...
562977603Slave Codes...
562977604Triangular Trade Routes...
562977605plantation system...
562977606township system...
562977607old field schools...
562977608revolution...
562977609revolution...
562977610Harvard College...
562977611William and Mary...
562977614town meetings...
562977619half-way covenant...
562977622Salem witch trials...
562977624Pennsylvania Dutch...
562977627Scotch-Irish...
562977630Massachusetts School Laws of 1642 and 1647...
562977633French Huguenots...
562977635Paxton Boys...
562977637Regulators...
562977639social mobility...
562977641artisans...
562977643social stratification...
562977645yeoman farmers...
562977648fall line...
562977650naval stores...
562977652Congregational Church...
562977654Great Awakening...
562977656Jonathan Edwards...
562977658George Whitefield...
562977660old lights...
562977662new lights...
562977664Benjamin West...
562977666John Singleton Copley...
562977668Phyllis Wheatley...
562977670Benjamin Franklin...
562977672John Peter Zenger...
562977674Samuel de Champlain...
562977677Hurons...
562977678Iroquois...
562977680Pontiac's Rebellion...
562977681Robert de LaSalle...
562977682King William's War...
562977683Queen Anne's War...
562977684King George's War...
562977685buffer colony...
562977686War of Jenkin's Ear...
562977687Fort Duquesne...
562977688General Braddock...
562977689James Wolfe...
562977690Jeffrey Amherst...
562977691Marquis de Montcalm...
562977692Battle of Quebec...
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