US History Unit One Test Flashcards
EHS, Kampf
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| 474278375 | Bias | influence, possibly in an unfair way | |
| 474278376 | Artifact | an object made by human beings; often refers to a primitive tool or other relic from an earlier period | |
| 474278377 | Historical Interpretation | the process of finding the meaning or significance of historical events | |
| 474278378 | Secondary Source | information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event | |
| 474278379 | Primary Source | an original source that informs directly, not through another person's explanation or interpretation | |
| 474278380 | point of view | the perspective from which a story is told | |
| 474278381 | chronology | arrangement of events in time | |
| 474278382 | chronicle | a record of events in order of time; a history | |
| 474278383 | nomadic | wandering, moving about from place to place | |
| 474278384 | monotheism | The belief in one God | |
| 474278385 | colony | a settlement ruled by another country | |
| 474278386 | indentured servant | laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to america | |
| 474278387 | Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. | |
| 474278388 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. | |
| 474278389 | private property | property owned by individuals or companies, not by the government or the people as a whole | |
| 474278390 | communal property | property owned and managed by the government for public use | |
| 474278391 | nuclear family | Family unit consisting of parents and children | |
| 474278392 | extended family | closely related people of several generations | |
| 474278393 | Jamestown | first permanent English settlement, located near the Chesapeake Bay | |
| 474278394 | mestizo | a person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry | |
| 474278395 | conquistador | a conqueror, especially one of the spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the sixteenth century | |
| 474278396 | encomienda | A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it | |
| 474278397 | joint-stock enterprise | buisnesses in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose | |
| 474278398 | Navigation Acts | Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade | |
| 474278399 | Mercantilism | policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver | |
| 474278400 | triangular trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa | |
| 474278401 | middle passage | The middle portion of the triangular trade that brought African slaves to the Americas | |
| 474278402 | Enlightenment | movement during the 1700's that spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society | |
| 474278403 | Proclamation of 1763 | law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountains | |
| 474278404 | French and Indian War | this struggle between the British and the French in the colonies of the North America was part of a worldwide war known as the Seven Years' War | |
| 474278405 | Great Awakening | Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. | |
| 474278406 | Senate | the upper house of the United States Congress | |
| 474278407 | House of Representatives | the lower legislative house of the United States Congress | |
| 474278408 | Supreme Court | the highest federal court in the United States | |
| 474278409 | Judicial Branch | The branch of government that interprets laws | |
| 474278410 | treaty | a formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries | |
| 474278411 | Legislative branch | the branch of government that makes the laws. | |
| 474278412 | amendment | a change in, or addition to, a constitution or law | |
| 474278413 | bill | a statute in draft before it becomes law | |
| 474278414 | 3/5ths compromise | agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of other persons in determining representation in Congress | |
| 474278415 | census | a periodic and official count of a country's population | |
| 474278416 | boycott | refusal to buy or sell certain products or services | |
| 474278417 | treason | Betrayal of one's country | |
| 474278418 | Stamp Act | A tax that the British Pariliament placed on newspapers and official documents sold in the American Colonies | |
| 474278419 | Redcoats | nickname for British soldiers | |
| 474278420 | Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence | |
| 474278421 | First Continental Congress | September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts | |
| 474278422 | Articles of Confederation | the document that created the first central government for the United States; it was replaced by the Constitution in 1789 | |
| 474278423 | Patriots | Colonists who wanted independence from Britain | |
| 474278424 | veto | Rejection of a bill | |
| 474278425 | proportional representation | representation based on population | |
| 474278426 | export tariff | a tax on goods leaving a country | |
| 474278427 | import tariff | A tax levied on a particular foreign product entering a country | |
| 474278428 | Boston Massacre | The first bloodshed of the Amercan Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five americans | |
| 474278429 | Boston Tea Party | protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped british tea into boston harbor | |
| 474278430 | Second Continental Congress | It met in 1776 and drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence, which justified the Revolutionary War and declared that the colonies should be independent of Britain. | |
| 474278431 | Declaration of Independence | The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence. | |
| 474278432 | Treaty of Paris of 1783 | Treaty Between England and the Colonies , formally ended the American Revolutionary War | |
| 474278433 | Northwest Ordinance | document that set up government in NW Territory and added 5 new states | |
| 474278434 | Federalists | supporters of the stronger central govt. who advocated the ratification of the new constitution | |
| 474278435 | Anti-Federalists | opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against the ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of independant states | |
| 474278436 | checks and balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power | |
| 474278437 | strict construction | theory embraced by Jefferson; believed that the Constitution should be interpreted literally | |
| 474278438 | loose construction | belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit | |
| 474278439 | Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the Constitution | |
| 474278440 | tyrant | a ruler or person who has complete power and uses it in cruel or unjust ways | |
| 474278441 | egalitarianism | the belief that all people should have equal political, economic, social, and civil rights | |
| 474278442 | federalism | a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments | |
| 474278443 | ratification | making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it | |
| 474278444 | Connecticut Compromise | The compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that reconciled the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, creating our bicameral legislature. | |
| 474278445 | quartering | living accommodations (especially those assigned to military personnel) | |
| 474278446 | "taxation without representation" | forcing people to pay taxes when they have no say in the making of the laws | |
| 474278447 | Martin Luther | German monk and leader of the Protestant Reformation | |
| 474278448 | Benjamin Franklin | Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. | |
| 474278449 | Jonathon Edwards | powerful preacher during Great Awakening, his message was of hell and an angry God. 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." | |
| 474278450 | William Penn | A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. | |
| 474278451 | John Winthrop | Promoter of Massachusetts Bay as a holy "city upon a hill" | |
| 474278452 | King George III | leader of Great Britain at the time of the American Revolution | |
| 474278453 | George Washington | Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States. | |
| 474278454 | Abigail Adams | John Adam's wife, she appealed to her husband to protect the rights of women. a member of the Daughters of Liberty | |
| 474278455 | Thomas Jefferson | He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States. | |
| 474278456 | Alexander Hamilton | Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and leader of the Federalists; first secretary of the treasury. | |
| 474278457 | John Adams | America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained." |
