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Middle Ages Vocabulary Flashcards

chivalry - The code of honorable behavior for medieval knights.
serfs - Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived.
knights - Warriors who fought on horseback in exchange for land.
vassal - A knight who promised to support & to be loyal to a lord in exchange for land.
Middle Ages - A period that began in Western Europe after the fall of Rome and lasted from 500 AD to about 1500 AD.
medieval - Another name for Middle Ages; from the latin word meaning middle age.
monks - Religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities. They spent their time in prayer, work and meditation.
monastery - A community of monks, these were built all over Europe in the Middle Ages.
feudalism - A system of promises & obligations that governed the relationship between lords & vassals.
manor - A large estate owned by a knight or lord.
fief - The property or fee granted to a vassal for his maintenance by his lord in return for service.

Terms : Hide Images

1224774356	chivalry	The code of honorable behavior for medieval knights.	1
1224774357	serfs	Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived.	2
1224774358	knights	Warriors who fought on horseback in exchange for land.	3
1224774359	vassal	A knight who promised to support & to be loyal to a lord in exchange for land.	4
1224774360	Middle Ages	A period that began in Western Europe after the fall of Rome and lasted from 500 AD to about 1500 AD.	5
1224774361	medieval	Another name for Middle Ages; from the latin word meaning middle age.	6
1224774362	monks	Religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities. They spent their time in prayer, work and meditation.	7
1224774363	monastery	A community of monks, these were built all over Europe in the Middle Ages.	8
1224774364	feudalism	A system of promises & obligations that governed the relationship between lords & vassals.	9
1224774365	manor	A large estate owned by a knight or lord.	10
1224774366	fief	The property or fee granted to a vassal for his maintenance by his lord in return for service.	11

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AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6: A TOUR OF THE CELL Flashcards

Cell structure, function, organelles, cellular respiration, etc. Chapter 6 of 8th edition Biology (Campbell & Reece).

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1084217071	Light microscopes	Microscopes that focus light beams by using glass lenses	1
1084217072	Resolution & Specimen of Light Microscopes	Microscopes that don't have high resolutions, but are used to study living specimen	2
1084217073	Electron microscopes (EM)	Microscopes that focus electron beams using electromagnets	3
1084217074	Resolution & Specimen of EM	High resolutions which can only be used on dead specimen	4
1084217075	TEMs	Transmission electron microscopes; used to study internal cell structures by making thin slices	5
1084217076	SEMs	Scanning electron microscopes; useful for studying surface structures	6
1084217077	4 things that all cells have	Plasma membranes, cytoplasm, chromatin, & ribosomes	7
1084217078	Major difference between prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells	Nucleoid & nucleus	8
1084217079	As a cell increases its size, ____________.	Its volume increases faster than its surface area	9
1084217080	Cell membrane	Functions as a selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes for the whole volume of the cell	10
1084217081	The general structure of a biological structure	Nucleus	11
1084217082	Where genes are located in the cell	Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast	12
1084217083	Double membrane that separates nucleus from cytoplasm	Nuclear envelope	13
1084217084	Within the nucleus, discrete units that organize DNA and associated proteins & carry genes	Chromosomes	14
1084217085	Fibrous material that is a complex of proteins & DNA	Chromatin	15
1084217086	A region of densely stained fibers and granules adjoining chromatin (located in the nucleus)	Nucleolus	16
1084217087	Ribosomes	Organelles that carry out protein synthesis; contain rRNA & protein	17
1084217088	Where free ribosomes are located	Cytoplasm	18
1084217089	What free ribosomes make	In-house proteins for the cell	19
1084217090	Where bound ribosomes are located	Rough endoplasmic reticulum	20
1084217091	what bound ribosomes make	Export proteins & membranes	21
1084217092	6 parts of the endomembrane system	Nuclear membrane, ER, Golgi body, lysosomes, vacuoles, & cell membrane	22
1084217093	Smooth ER	no ribosomes; creates lipids	23
1084217094	Rough ER	ribosomes; creates proteins	24
1084217095	Golgi body	center for packaging & transporting things	25
1084217096	Vesicles	Where the Golgi sorts and packages materials	26
1084217097	Lysosome	membrane-bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules	27
1084217098	Apoptosis	Programmed cell death	28
1084217099	Vacuoles	membrane-bound sacs that store food & water in cells	29
1084217100	Nuclear membrane	A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm	30
1084217101	Endoplasmic reticulum	a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another	31
1084217102	Cell membrane	thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell	32
1084217103	Tonoplast	Large central vacuole located in mature plant cells	33
1084217104	Mitochondria	sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels int he presence of oxygen	34
1084217105	Chloroplasts	Found in plants and algae; sites of photosynthesis: convert solar energy to chemical energy and synthesize new organic compounds such as sugars from CO2 & H2O	35
1084217106	Mitochondria and Chloroplasts	Not part of the endomembrane system	36
1084217107	Reasons why M & C are not part of the ES	-2 membranes -have ribosomes/circular DNA attached to inner membrane -creates its own proteins -semi-autonomous organelles	37
1084217108	Amyloplasts	Colorless plastids that store starch in roots and tubers (like potatoes)	38
1084217109	Chromoplasts	Store pigments for fruits (like red peppers) and flowers	39
1084217110	Chloroplasts	Contain the green pigment chlorophyll that functions in the photosynthetic production of sugar	40
1084217111	Stroma	Fluid-filled space inside the innermost membrane that contains DNA, ribosomes, & enzymes	41
1084217112	Thylakoids	Floating flattened membranous sacs that play a critical role in converting light to chemical energy	42
1084217113	Grana	Thylakoids stacked like poker chips	43
1084217114	Peroxisome	Single membrane; contains an enzyme that converts H2O2 to H2O	44
1084217115	What peroxisomes break down	fatty acids to smaller molecules that are transported to mitochondria as fuel for cellular respiration	45
1084217116	Cytoskeleton	network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell	46
1084217117	3 things the cytoskeleton provides	Support, cell shape, and anchorage	47
1084217118	3 main types of fibers composing the cytoskeleton	-Microtubules -Microfilaments -Intermediate filaments	48
1084217119	Dynein	In cilia and flagella, a large contractile protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in dynein shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella.	49
1084217120	9+2 pattern	nine doublets of microtubules, the members of each pair sharing walls, and arranged in a ring. in the center of the ring are two straight microtubules. found in cilia and flagella	50
1084217121	Intercellular junctions	help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function	51
1084217122	Plasmodesmata	Channels allowing cytosol to pass between plant cells	52
1084217123	Animal cells' 3 main types of intercellular links	-tight junctions -desmosomes -gap junctions	53
1084217124	Tight junctions	Membranes of adjacent cells are fused, forming continuous belts around cells; prevents leakage of extracellular fluid	54
1084217125	Desmosome	(anchoring junctions) fasten cells together into strong sheets, much like rivets	55
1084217126	Gap junctions	(communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells (similar to plasmodesmata in plant cells)	56

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AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6: A TOUR OF THE CELL Flashcards

Cell structure, function, organelles, cellular respiration, etc. Chapter 6 of 8th edition Biology (Campbell & Reece).

Terms : Hide Images

1084217071	Light microscopes	Microscopes that focus light beams by using glass lenses	1
1084217072	Resolution & Specimen of Light Microscopes	Microscopes that don't have high resolutions, but are used to study living specimen	2
1084217073	Electron microscopes (EM)	Microscopes that focus electron beams using electromagnets	3
1084217074	Resolution & Specimen of EM	High resolutions which can only be used on dead specimen	4
1084217075	TEMs	Transmission electron microscopes; used to study internal cell structures by making thin slices	5
1084217076	SEMs	Scanning electron microscopes; useful for studying surface structures	6
1084217077	4 things that all cells have	Plasma membranes, cytoplasm, chromatin, & ribosomes	7
1084217078	Major difference between prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells	Nucleoid & nucleus	8
1084217079	As a cell increases its size, ____________.	Its volume increases faster than its surface area	9
1084217080	Cell membrane	Functions as a selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes for the whole volume of the cell	10
1084217081	The general structure of a biological structure	Nucleus	11
1084217082	Where genes are located in the cell	Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast	12
1084217083	Double membrane that separates nucleus from cytoplasm	Nuclear envelope	13
1084217084	Within the nucleus, discrete units that organize DNA and associated proteins & carry genes	Chromosomes	14
1084217085	Fibrous material that is a complex of proteins & DNA	Chromatin	15
1084217086	A region of densely stained fibers and granules adjoining chromatin (located in the nucleus)	Nucleolus	16
1084217087	Ribosomes	Organelles that carry out protein synthesis; contain rRNA & protein	17
1084217088	Where free ribosomes are located	Cytoplasm	18
1084217089	What free ribosomes make	In-house proteins for the cell	19
1084217090	Where bound ribosomes are located	Rough endoplasmic reticulum	20
1084217091	what bound ribosomes make	Export proteins & membranes	21
1084217092	6 parts of the endomembrane system	Nuclear membrane, ER, Golgi body, lysosomes, vacuoles, & cell membrane	22
1084217093	Smooth ER	no ribosomes; creates lipids	23
1084217094	Rough ER	ribosomes; creates proteins	24
1084217095	Golgi body	center for packaging & transporting things	25
1084217096	Vesicles	Where the Golgi sorts and packages materials	26
1084217097	Lysosome	membrane-bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules	27
1084217098	Apoptosis	Programmed cell death	28
1084217099	Vacuoles	membrane-bound sacs that store food & water in cells	29
1084217100	Nuclear membrane	A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm	30
1084217101	Endoplasmic reticulum	a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another	31
1084217102	Cell membrane	thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell	32
1084217103	Tonoplast	Large central vacuole located in mature plant cells	33
1084217104	Mitochondria	sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels int he presence of oxygen	34
1084217105	Chloroplasts	Found in plants and algae; sites of photosynthesis: convert solar energy to chemical energy and synthesize new organic compounds such as sugars from CO2 & H2O	35
1084217106	Mitochondria and Chloroplasts	Not part of the endomembrane system	36
1084217107	Reasons why M & C are not part of the ES	-2 membranes -have ribosomes/circular DNA attached to inner membrane -creates its own proteins -semi-autonomous organelles	37
1084217108	Amyloplasts	Colorless plastids that store starch in roots and tubers (like potatoes)	38
1084217109	Chromoplasts	Store pigments for fruits (like red peppers) and flowers	39
1084217110	Chloroplasts	Contain the green pigment chlorophyll that functions in the photosynthetic production of sugar	40
1084217111	Stroma	Fluid-filled space inside the innermost membrane that contains DNA, ribosomes, & enzymes	41
1084217112	Thylakoids	Floating flattened membranous sacs that play a critical role in converting light to chemical energy	42
1084217113	Grana	Thylakoids stacked like poker chips	43
1084217114	Peroxisome	Single membrane; contains an enzyme that converts H2O2 to H2O	44
1084217115	What peroxisomes break down	fatty acids to smaller molecules that are transported to mitochondria as fuel for cellular respiration	45
1084217116	Cytoskeleton	network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell	46
1084217117	3 things the cytoskeleton provides	Support, cell shape, and anchorage	47
1084217118	3 main types of fibers composing the cytoskeleton	-Microtubules -Microfilaments -Intermediate filaments	48
1084217119	Dynein	In cilia and flagella, a large contractile protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in dynein shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella.	49
1084217120	9+2 pattern	nine doublets of microtubules, the members of each pair sharing walls, and arranged in a ring. in the center of the ring are two straight microtubules. found in cilia and flagella	50
1084217121	Intercellular junctions	help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function	51
1084217122	Plasmodesmata	Channels allowing cytosol to pass between plant cells	52
1084217123	Animal cells' 3 main types of intercellular links	-tight junctions -desmosomes -gap junctions	53
1084217124	Tight junctions	Membranes of adjacent cells are fused, forming continuous belts around cells; prevents leakage of extracellular fluid	54
1084217125	Desmosome	(anchoring junctions) fasten cells together into strong sheets, much like rivets	55
1084217126	Gap junctions	(communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells (similar to plasmodesmata in plant cells)	56

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Bio-121 Chapter 4- A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

500053678	Cell Theory	all living things are made of cells; all cells arise from pre-existing cells; single celled or multicellular	1
500053679	Light Microscope	microscopy; can observe live or fixed (dead) samples, see actual colors of cells, lower power used	2
500053680	Scanning Electron Microscope	microscopy; can ONLY see surface of cell, higher power used, more detail, have to use fixed (dead) samples	3
500053681	Transmission Electron Microscope	microscopy; can see cross section of cell, higher power used, have to use fixed (dead) samples	4
500053682	Fluorescent Microscope	microscopy; the idea of staining specific structures to see them more clearly in a sample	5
500053683	Plant Cell	cell is usually square in shape, has cell walls, and chloroplasts	6
500053684	All Cells	What kind of cells have: plasma membranes, DNA, and cytoplasm	7
500053685	Prokaryotic Cell	Cell; includes bacteria and archaea: no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles, small (less than 5um), usually have a cell wall, and have a capsule or slime layer pili	8
500053686	Slime Layer Pili (Capsule)	have protein projections, come out of capsule, helps to adhere to things	9
500053687	Eukaryotic Cell	Cell; includes plants, animals, fungus, and single celled organisms (protists); have a nucleus and organelles, more than 10um in size, some have cell wall	10
500053688	Prokaryotic Cell	Cell; single, circular chromosome (DNA)- coiled in an area called nucleoid; plasmids, ribosomes, less complex	11
500053689	Plasmid	small rings of DNA (antibiotic resistance)	12
500053690	Nucleoid	coiled DNA	13
500053691	Eukaryotic Cell	DNA arranged in chromosomes in nucleus, many organelles, more complex	14
500053692	Plasma Membrane	Structure; BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL, Fluid Mosaic model; made of phospholipids, proteins, chlolesterol, unsaturated fats, hydophobic tails and hydrophillic heads	15
500053693	Fluid Mosaic Model	1972: theorized by Singer and Nicholson; membrane is phospholipid bi-layer studded with proteins	16
500053694	Phospholipid	Fluid Mosaic Model; barrier	17
500053695	Protein	Fluid Mosaic Model; acts as channels, ID tags	18
500053696	Cholesterol	Fluid Mosaic Model; mainly in animal cells, membrane more flexible	19
500053697	Nucleus	Structure; contains DNA, has double membrane with pores	20
500053698	Nucleolus	Structure; darkest staining region in nucleus, 1-3 in one nucleus, where ribosomes are made	21
500053699	Ribosome	Structure; where proteins are made, site of protein synthesis, made of protein and RNA; 2 locations: free in cytoplasm, or bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum	22
500053700	Endoplasmic Reticulum	Structure; membranous canals; 2 parts: smooth and rough	23
500053701	Membranous Canal	movement through 'tubes' made of membranes	24
500053702	Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum	Structure; has ribosomes attached to it, purpose is to transport proteins	25
500053703	Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum	Structure; has enzymes to synthesize liquids (including phospholipids) then new membranes formed, used for detoxification	26
500053704	Vesicle	Structure; little sac of membrane that travels throughout the cell, flows from one organelle to another	27
500053705	Endomembrane System	membranes within the cell; has a transport system from one organelle to another, "interconnectedness" of nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles and plasma membrane	28
500053706	Golgi Body	Structure; shape is stacked tighter together than smooth ER, vesicles enter here by bumping up against it and fusing, "shipping department"	29
500053707	Lysosome	Structure; vesicle filled with about 30 digestive enzymes	30
500053708	Vacuole	Structure; fluid filled sacs, specialzed ones: contractile and central	31
500053709	Contractile Vacuole	Structure; in a small single celled organism in freshwater, this collects the excess water and then squeezes it out of the cell	32
500053710	Central Vacuole	Structure; in PLANT CELL, has a HUGE central one, controls water balance, stores waste and pigments	33
500053711	Turgor Pressure	added pressure within a plant cell that results from the movement of water into the central vacuole	34
500053712	Perixosome	Structure; detox of alcohol and other toxins, breakdown of fatty acids, NOT part of the endomembrane system	35
500053713	Mitochondrion	Structure; site of cellular respiration, break down molecules to make ATP, can tell from its shape because of inner divisions within the organelles, found in eukaryotic cells	36
500053714	Cristae	Mitochondrion; inner foldings of mitochondria	37
500053715	Matrix	Mitochondrion; space between the cristae	38
500053716	Innermembrane Space	Mitochondrion; space between inner membrane and mitochodria	39
500053717	Cell Respiration Formula	C6H1206 + 6O2 -> 6H20 + 6CO2 + 36ATP(energy)	40
500053718	Photosynthesis Formula	SUN(energy) + 6CO2 + 6H20 -> 6O2 + C6H12O6	41
500053719	Glucose	C6H12O6	42
500053720	Chloroplast	Structure; found only in plants, site of Photosynthesis	43
500053721	Grana	Chloroplast; whole stack of thylakoids	44
500053722	Thylakoid	Chloroplast; found in stacks, chlorophyll embedded	45
500053723	Chlorophyll	Chloroplast; green pigment in thylakoid	46
500053724	Stroma	Chloroplast; the dense fluid that fills the empty space in the chloroplast	47
500053725	Ribosome	Chloroplast; little dots found inside it	48
500053726	DNA	Chloroplast; big dots found inside it	49
500053727	Endosymbiont Theory	theory of how organelles came to be, 1 prokaryotic cell engulfed a smaller prokaryotic cell yet the small one was still able to function inside; evolution to eukaryotic cells	50
500053728	Cyto-	prefix for a word meaning something to do with a CELL	51
500053729	Endosymbiont Theory	DNA of mitochondria is similar to DNA of prokaryotic cell, both have DNA, both have multiple membrane layers: all evidence of what?	52
500053730	Cytoskeleton	Structure; cells' skeleton: provides shape, support and structure; has microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules	53
500053731	Microfilaments	Cytoskeleton; small rod of protein	54
500053732	Intermediate Filament	Cytoskeleton; size between the microfilament and microtubule	55
500053733	Microtubules	Cytoskeleton; tubes made of protein, very small	56
500053734	Tubulin	Cytoskeleton; protein that makes up tubules	57
500053735	Cilia and Flagella	Structure; extensions from plasma membrane, movement	58
500053736	Flagella	one, long, tail-like structure for movement; ex. sperm	59
500053737	Cilia	many, short, hair-like structures for movement; ex. ear hairs	60
500053738	9 + 2 Configuration	Cilia and Flagella; configuration of microtubules, 9 fused and 2 non-fused	61
500053739	9 + 0 Configuration	Cilia and Flagella; configuration of microtubules, 9 triplets	62
500053740	Basal Body	Cilia and Flagella; base/anchor to cilia and flagella	63
500053741	Centriole	Structure; looks and acts like the basal body of cilia and flagella except this occurs in pairs and can move freely throughout the cytoplasm, organize microtubules, primary function isto produce mitotic spindle, ONLY in ANIMAL CELLS	64
500053742	Extracellular Matrix	Structure; outside the cell matrix but still attached, made of carbohydrates and proteins, use carbohydrates for communication	65
500053743	Cell Junction	Structure; connections	66
500053744	Tight Junction	Junction; ANIMAL, leak-proof seal, connections of networks of proteins	67
500053745	Anchoring Junction	Junction; aka. Desmosomes, ANIMAL, like velcro, not quite leak-proof but tight	68
500053746	Gap Junction	Junction; ANIMAL, small channels, allows for communication from one cell to the next	69
500053747	Plasmodesmata	Junction; PLANT, like a gap junction because of channels for communication but it has longer, tougher channels to go through cell walls	70
500053748	Cell Wall	Structure; PLANT, made of cellulose, outside the plasma membrane, can be thicker than the diameter of the cell, PRODUCED OUTSIDE CELL AND OUTSIDE MEMBRANE	71
500053749	Plastid	Structure; PLANT, for storage, double membrane	72

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Biology 121 - Chapter 3 Flashcards

University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Instructor - Jeremy Spring
Spring 2014

Molecules of Life

Terms : Hide Images

1154770122	organic	describes a compound that consists primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms	1
1154770123	condensation	process by which enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms	2
1154770124	enzyme	compound (usually a protein) that speeds up a reaction without being changed by it	3
1154770125	functional group	a group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts a specific chemical property to the molecule	4
1154770126	hydrocarbon	compound that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms	5
1154770127	hydrolysis	process by which an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits by attaching a hydroxyl group to one part and a hydrogen atom to the other	6
1154770128	metabolism	all the enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which calls acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules	7
1154770129	monomers	molecules that are subunits of polymers	8
1154770130	polymer	molecule that consists of multiple monomers	9
1154770131	reaction	process of molecular change	10
1154770132	carbohydrate	molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio	11
1154770133	cellulose	polysaccharide; major structural material in plants	12
1154770134	disaccharide	polymer of two sugar subunits	13
1154770135	glycogen	polysaccharide; energy reservoir in animal cells	14
1154770136	monosaccharide	simple sugar; monomer of polysaccharides	15
1154770137	polysaccharide	polymer of many monosaccharides	16
1154770138	starch	polysaccharide; energy reservoir in plant cells	17
1154770139	fat	lipid that consists of a glycerol molecule with one, two, or three fatty acid tails	18
1154770140	fatty acid	organic compound that consists of a chain of carbon atoms with an acidic carboxyl group at one end. carbon chain of saturated types has single bonds only; that of unsaturated types has one or more double layers	19
1154770141	lipid	fatty, oily, or waxy organic compound	20
1154770142	lipid bilayer	double layer of lipids arranged tail-to-tail; structural foundation of all cell membranes	21
1154770143	phospholipid	a lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head, and two nonpolar fatty acid tails; main constituent of eukaryotic cell membranes	22
1154770144	saturated fatty acid	fatty acid that contains no carbon-carbon double bonds	23
1154770145	steroid	type of lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails	24
1154770146	triglyceride	a fat with three fatty acid tails	25
1154770147	unsaturated fatty acid	fatty acid that has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in its tail	26
1154770148	wax	water-repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings	27
1154770149	amino acid	small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins. consists of a carboxyl group, an amine group, and a characteristic side group (R), all typically bonded to the same carbon atom	28
1154770150	peptide bond	a bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. joins amino acids in proteins	29
1154770151	polypeptide	chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds	30
1154770152	protein	organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids (polypeptides)	31
1154770153	denature	to unravel the shape of a biological molecule	32
1154770154	prion	infectious protein	33
1154770155	ATP	adenosine triphosphate. nucleotide that consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups	34
1154770156	DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid. nucleic acid that carries hereditary information about traits; consists of two nucleotide chains twisted in a double helix	35
1154770157	nucleic acid	single- or double-stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar-phosphate bonds; for example, DNA, RNA	36
1154770158	nucleotide	monomer of nucleic acids; has a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and phosphate groups	37
1154770159	RNA	ribonucleic acid. some types have roles in protein synthesis	38

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Biology 121 - Chapter 2 Flashcards

University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Instructor - Jeremy Spring
Spring 2014 Semester

Life's Chemical Basis

Terms : Hide Images

1154216437	atom	particle that is a fundamental building block of all matter	1
1154216438	atomic number	number of protons in the atomic nucleus; determines the element	2
1154216439	charge	electrical property; opposite charges attract, and the like charges repel	3
1154216440	electron	negatively charged subatomic particle that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons	4
1154216441	element	a pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons	5
1154216442	isotopes	forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry	6
1154216443	mass number	total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element's atoms	7
1154216444	neutron	uncharged subatomic particle in the atomic nucleus	8
1154216445	nucleus	core of an atom; occupied by protons and neutrons	9
1154216446	periodic table	tabular arrangement of the elements by atomic number	10
1154216447	proton	positively charged subatomic particle that occurs in the nucleus of all atoms	11
1154216448	radioactive decay	process by which atoms of a radioisotope emit energy and/or subatomic particles when their nucleus spontaneously disintegrates	12
1154216449	radioisotope	isotope with an unstable nucleus	13
1154216450	tracter	substance with a detectable component, such as a molecule labeled with a radioisotope	14
1154216451	free radical	atom with an unpaired electron	15
1154216452	ion	atom that carries a charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons	16
1154216453	shell model	model of electron distribution in an atom	17
1154216454	chemical bond	an attractive force that arises between two atoms when their electrons interact	18
1154216455	compound	molecule that has atoms of more than one element	19
1154216456	convalent bond	chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons	20
1154216457	electronegativitiy	measure of the ability of an atom to pull electrons away from other atoms	21
1154216458	ionic bond	chemical bond that consists of a strong mutual attraction between ions of opposite charge	22
1154216459	molecule	group of two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds	23
1154216460	polarity	separation of charge into positive and negative regions	24
1154216461	cohesion	property of a substance that arises from the tendency of its molecules to resit separating from one another	25
1154216462	evaporation	transition of a liquid to a gas	26
1154216463	hydrogen bond	attraction between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and another atom taking part in a separate covalent bond	27
1154216464	hydrophilic	describes a substance that resists dissolving in water	28
1154216465	hydrophobic	describes a substance that resists dissolving in water	29
1154216466	mixture	an intermingling of two or more types of molecules	30
1154216467	salt	ionic compound that releases ions other than H+ and OH- when it dissolves in water	31
1154216468	solute	a dissolved substance	32
1154216469	solution	homogeneous mixture	33
1154216470	solvent	substance that can dissolve other substances	34
1154216471	temperature	measure of molecular motion	35
1154216472	acid	substance that releases hydrogen ions in water	36
1154216473	base	substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water	37
1154216474	buffer system	set of chemicals that can keep the pH of a solution stable by alternately donating and accepting ions that contribute to pH	38
1154216475	concentration	the number of molecules or ions per unit of volume of a solution	39
1154216476	pH	a measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a fluid	40

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Biology 121 -Unit 1 Flashcards

LCC

Terms : Hide Images

1639683013	energy	ability to work (ATP)	0
1639683014	metabolism	the ability to get/use energy	1
1639683015	Respond: stimulus:	Disturbance	2
1639683016	reproduce: genes:	pass on traits to the next generation	3
1639683017	adapt	change to meet needs of surroundings	4
1639683018	observation	based on senses	5
1639683019	question	problem and wonder answer	6
1639683020	hypothesis	educated guess	7
1639683021	inductive reasoning	if-then reasoning	8
1639683022	experimenting	testing the hypothesis to get an answer	9
1639683023	variable	1 change in an experiment	10
1639683024	test group	change group with variable	11
1639683025	control group	no change (comparison group)	12
1639683026	qualitative	what it looks like	13
1639683027	quantitative	data measured	14
1639683028	conclusion	proved hypothesis or change hypothesis(90% of time change)	15
1639683029	scientific theory	proven hypothesis	16
1639683030	Technology	application of scientific knowledge to interests of humans	17
1639683031	senses	senses can be off	18
1639683032	bioethics	branch of ethics conceded with development and consequences of biological technology	19
1639683033	basic unit	element	20
1639683034	subatomic particles	neutrons, protons, and electrons	21
1639683035	atomic number	Number of protons	22
1639683036	atomic mass	average of mass number for atom	23
1639683037	rows on periodic table	energy levels called PERIODS: energy level	24
1639683038	columns	by behavior called GROUPS: electrons in last orbital	25
1639683039	isotopes	Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.	26
1639683040	valence electrons	electrons in the last ring of orbital, not full	27
1639683041	electronegativity	measure of an atoms ability to pull valence electrons from another atom. Depends on two factors, 1) size of the atom 2) number of electrons in outer energy level	28
1639683042	ions	Atom that has a positive or negative charge	29
1639683043	chemical bonds	when a positive and negative stick together (attraction)	30
1639683044	molecule	compound of an atom (ratio) (h2o, co2, no2)	31
1639683045	compound	compound of molecules (ratio) (c6h12o6)	32
1639683046	ionic bonds	strong, 2 opposite charged ions ex: Na+ and Cl- form NaCl	33
1639683047	Salt	dissolves easily, in water	34
1639683048	polar compounds	always have a "+" end and "-" end (dissolve)	35
1639683049	Covalent bonds	sharing electrons-strongest because they are sharing. so strong they cant break	36
1639683050	Nonpolar compound	both have negative or both have positive	37
1639683051	weak electronegativity	cant decide which is pulling the other	38
1639683052	unique properties	capillary pull	39
1645445654	mixture	2 or more substances that intermingle; not in proportion; do not bond, can be separated, ex: sand, sugar and blood	40
1645445655	molecular formula	atoms/number	41
1645445656	structural formula	based on arrangement	42
1645445657	hydrophobic	fear of water	43
1645445658	hydrophilic	love of water (attracted to H2O)	44
1645445659	solvent	dissolving material (H2O)	45
1645445660	solute	dissolving substance	46
1645445661	three states of H2O	solid, liquid and gas	47
1645445662	condensation	go from gas to liquid	48
1645445663	Evaporation	go from liquid to gas	49
1645445664	cohension	water sticks together	50
1645445665	Adhension	water sticks to things	51
1645445666	high surface tension	barrier	52
1645445667	capillary action	pull water up or through like a ribbon or string	53
1645445668	high specific heat	lots of energy to change states; "hold" lots of energy	54
1645445669	water disassociates (falls apart) into...	H+ ( hydrogen) and OH- (hydroxide)	55
1645445670	pH scale	0-14 neutral is 7, acid is below 7 and base is above 7	56
1660011667	buffer	try to neutralize a solution (pH 7) ; pool of ions to prevent pH change	57
1660011668	hemoglobin	keeps blood at pH 7	58
1660011669	Avogrados number	6.02 x 10 to 23 atom atomic mass in grams	59
1660011670	mole	is the atomic mass in grams of an element (6.02x10^23)-symbol for mole is M.	60

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APUSH American Pagaent Vocab 6-8 Flashcards

14th Edition

Terms : Hide Images

452001790	Huguenots	groups of French Protestant	1
452001791	French and Indian War	French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Established England as number one world power.	2
452001792	Albany Congress	conference from June 19 through July 11, 1754 in New York; it advocated a union of the British colonies for defense against French to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois League. 150 representatives of tribes withdrew without committing themselves to the British cause.	3
452001793	Proclamation of 1763	forbade the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains; caused first major revolt	4
452001794	William Pitt	leader in the London government, "Organizer of Victory"; he led and won a war against Quebec.	5
452001796	James Wolfe	British general whose success in the Battle of Quebec won Canada.	6
452001797	Edward Braddock	British commander during the French and Indian War who attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755.	7
452001798	Pontiac	Indian Chief; led post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763; his actions led to the Proclamation of 1763.	8
452001799	Samuel de Champlain	French explorer who sailed to the West Indies, Mexico, and Panama. He wrote many books telling of his trips to Mexico City and Niagara Falls. His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec.	9
452001800	Stamp Act Congress	27 delegates from nine colonies met in New York City as a response to the act that taxed printed materials.	10
452001801	Intolerable Acts	Acts passed in 1774, following the Boston Tea Party, that were designed to chastise Boston in particular, yet effected all the colonies.	11
452001803	Quartering Act	Act that forced colonists to pay taxes to house and feed British soldiers	12
452001804	The Association	A document produced by the Continental Congress in 1775 that called for a complete boycott of British goods.	13
452001805	Stamp Act	Required the colonists to pay for a stamp to go on many of the documents essential to their lives.	14
452001807	Hessians	German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion.	15
452001808	Loyalists; Tories	Colonials loyal to the king during the American Revolution; two names for them.	16
452001810	Declaratory Act	Signed at the same time as the Stamp Act was repealed. Parliament had the right "to bind" the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."	17
452001811	First Continental Congress	Met in Philadelphia; American's response to the Intolerable Acts; all colonies except Georgia sent men; John Adams persuaded revolution; wrote a Declaration of Rights and appeals to British American colonies, the king, and British people; created the Association which called for a complete boycott of English goods; the Association was the closet thing to a written constitution.	18
452001812	Sugar Act	first law ever passed by Parliament; raised revenue in the colonies for the crown by increasing the duties on foreign sugar.	19
452001813	Townshend Acts	"Champagne Charley" persuaded Parliament to pass these acts, which put a light import duty on such things as glass, lead, paper, and tea.	20
452001817	Sons of Liberty	organization established in 1765, these members (middle or upper class) resisted the Stamp Act of 765. They combined with the Daughters of Liberty and remained active in resistance movements.	21
452001818	Quebec Act	Allowed the French Colonist to go back freely to their own customs, and extended the region into the Ohio River Valley.	22
452001820	King George III	King of England in the Revolutionary War.	23
452001821	Baron Von Steuben	Prussian drillmaster that taught American soldiers during the Revolutionary War how to successfully fight the British.	24
452001822	Mercantilism	colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country.	25
452001825	Lord North	prime minister in the 1770's; his rule fell, which therefore ended the rule of George III for a short while.	26
452001826	George Grenville	British Prime Minister from 1763-1765. To obtain funds for Britain after the costly 7-Years War, in he ordered the Navy to enforce the Navigation Laws, and Parliament to pass the Sugar Act. He brought about the Quartering Act.	27
452001827	Samuel Adams	"Penman of the Revolution;" organized the local committees of correspondence in Massachusetts, starting with Boston in 1772.	28
452001828	Charles Townshend	Control of the British ministry and was nicknamed "Champagne Charley" for his brilliant speeches in Parliament while drunk. He persuaded Parliament in 1767 to pass the Townshend Acts.	29
452001829	John Adams	Second president of the US; attended the Continental Congress in 1774 as a delegate from Georgia.	30
452001830	John Hancock	"King of the Smugglers" ; He was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant who persuaded the American colonies to declare their independence. He was the ring leader in the plot to store gunpowder which resulted in the battles in Lexington and Concord.	31
452001831	Declaration of Independence	Approved by the Congress on July 4, 1776; sharply separated Loyalists from Patriots and helped to start the American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the colonists disagreements with British authority.	32
452001832	radical Whigs	party of patriots of the new land resisting England prior to the Declaration of Independence	33
452001833	Treaty of Paris of 1783	British recognized the independence of the United States.	34
452001835	Common Sense	written in 1776 by Thomas Paine. It called for the colonists to realize their mistreatment and push for independence from England.	35
452001839	Privateering	Privately owned armed ships specifically authorized by congress to prey on enemy shipping.	36
452001840	Thomas Jefferson	member of the House of Burgesses, wrote the Declaration of Independence, was ambassador to France, and was the President of the United States of America; bought Louisiana.	37
452001841	Marquis de Lafayette	French nobleman, nicknamed "French Gamecock", made major general of colonial army.	38
452001842	Admiral de Grasse	Operated a powerful French fleet in the West Indies, joined Americans in an assault on Cornwallis at Yorktown.	39
452001843	Patrick Henry	Supporting a break from Great Britain, he is famous for the words, "give me liberty, or give me death!"	40
452001844	Comte de Rochambeau	Commanded a powerful French army of six thousand troops.	41
452001846	George Rogers Clark	Frontiersman; gave the region north of the Ohio River to the United States.	42
452001847	Richard Henry Lee	Member of the Philadelphia Congress. On June 7, 1776 he declared, "These United colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states."	43
452001850	Charles Cornwallis	British general who fought in the Seven Years War, was elected to the House of Commons in 1760, and lost battles to George Washington on December 26, 1776 and on January 3, 1777.	44
452001851	Thomas Paine	Published Common Sense; had the idea that the colonies should set up America as an independent, democratic, republic away from England.	45
452001852	Nathanael Greene	Cleared Georgia and South Carolina of British troops.	46
452001853	Benedict Arnold	American General during the Revolutionary War; he prevented the British from reaching Ticonderoga; he tried to help the British take West Point and the Hudson River.	47
452001854	John Burgoyne	British general given charge of the army, and he surrendered at Saratoga.	48
452001855	George Washington	Commander in Chief of Continental Army; first US president	49
452001856	William Howe	English General who commanded the English forces at Bunker Hill.	50
454267460	Edict of Nantes	granted tolerance to Huguenots	51
454267461	coureurs de bois	"runners of the woods;" fur-trappers	52
454267462	voyageurs	fur-trappers	53
454267463	King William's War	war between French trappers, British, and Indian allies; colonial war of War of the League of Augsburg in Europe	54
454267464	Queen Anne's War	2nd war between English and French in North, English and Spanish in Florida	55
454267465	War of Jenkin's Ear	clash between Britain and Spain in Georgia and Caribbean	56
454267466	King George's War	North American War of Austrian Succession; British against French in North	57
454267467	Acadians	French in Nova Scotia forced to Louisiana; Cajuns	58
454267468	regulars	trained soldiers	59
454267469	Battle of Quebec	British victory over French; end of French rule in North America	60
454267470	Pontiac's Uprising	uprising led by Ottawa chief to drive British out of Ohio Country; British won by giving Indians blankets with smallpox	61
454267471	republicanism	political theory based on representative government based on popular sovereignty with emphasis on liberty	62
454267472	admiralty courts	tried offenders for violating Navigation Acts; lacked juries	63
454267473	nonimportation agreements	boycotts against British goods adopted in response to Stamp Act, and late, the Townshend and Intolerable Acts	64
454267474	Daughters of Liberty	patriots played central role in rebelling against Stamp Act and enforcing non-importation agreements	65
454267475	Boston Massacre	clash between Bostonians and redcoats	66
454267476	Boston Tea Party	protested tax on tea; colonists dressed as Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston harbor	67
454267477	Battles of Lexington and Concord	first battles of Revolution; forced British back to Boston	68
454267478	Valley Forge	encampment where Washington's army spent a harsh winter	69
454267479	Crispus Attucks	One of the first to die in Boston Massacre; mulatto and leader of the mob	70
454267480	Thomas Hutchinson	Massachusetts governor whose home was destroyed; agreed tax on tea was unjust; ordered tea ships not to leave harbor until cargo was unloaded	71
454267481	Lord Dunmore	governor of Virginia; promised freedom to blacks that joined British army	72
454267482	Second Continental Congress	Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies; drafted Declaration of Independence	73
454267483	Battle of Bunker Hill	fought in outskirts of Boston on Breed's Hill; militia retreated but much of the British army was lost	74
454267484	Olive Branch Petition	conciliatory measure adopted by Continental Congress, professing American loyalty and seeking end to hostilities	75
454267485	Declaration of the Rights of Man	declaration of rights adopted during French Revolution; modeled after Declaration of Independence	76
454267486	Patriots	colonists who supported American Revolution	77
454267487	Battle of Long Island	battle for control of NY; Britain retained control of city for most of the war	78
454267488	Battle of Trenton	Washington surprised and captured garrison of sleeping Hessians; helped victory at Princeton	79
454267489	Battle of Saratoga	turning point of war; upstate NY; secured French support	80
454267490	Model Treaty	sample treaty drafted by Continental Congress as a guide for American diplomats; foster commercial partnerships rather than political or military entanglements	81
454267491	Armed Neutrality	loose alliance of nonbelligerent naval powers, organized by Russia's Catherine the Great, to protect neutral trading rights during American War for Independence	82
454267492	Treaty of Fort Stanwix	treaty signed by US and pro-British Iroquois granting Ohio country to Indians	83
454267493	Battle of Yorktown	Washington and French besieged Cornwallis; surrender	84
454267494	Ethan Allen	captured Fort Ticonderoga and Crown Point	85
454267495	Richard Montgomery	formerly in British army; captured Montreal	86
454267496	Benjamin Franklin	adored French diplomat	87
454267497	Joseph Brant	Mohawk chief; British ally	88

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Hot Words for the SAT® -vocabulary Flashcards

Words in Linda Carnevale's book (4th edition)
Keywords:SAT, SAT vocab, SAT vocabulary, SAT words, SATvocab, SAT prep, SAT vocab, SAT test, SAT learn, SAT, SAT online, SAT set, SAT flashcards, SAT cards, SAT preparation, SAT vocab Scholastic Aptitude Test, Scholastic Aptitude Test Prep, SAT more, SAT terms, SAT names, SAT English, SAT exam, SAT, SAT study

Terms : Hide Images

1416482154	brevity	briefness or conciseness in speech or writing	1
1416482155	concise	using few words in speaking or writing	2
1416482156	laconic	using few words in speech	3
1416482157	pithy	brief and full of meaning and substance; concise	4
1416482158	quiescent	quiet; still; inactive	5
1416482159	reticent	not talking much; reserved	6
1416482160	succint	clearly and briefly stated; concise	7
1416482161	taciturn	silent; sparing of words; close-mouthed	8
1416482162	terse	using only the words that are needed to make the point; very concise, sometimes to the point of rudeness	9
1416482163	bombastic	using language in a pompous, showy way; speaking to impress others	10
1416482164	circumlocution	speaking in circles; round-about speech	11
1416482165	colloquial	pertaining to common everyday speech; conversational	12
1416482166	diffuse (adj.)	spread out, not concise, wordy	13
1416482167	digress	to wander off from the subject or topic spoken about	14
1416482168	eloquence	talkative; loquacious	15
1416482169	grandiloquent	using big and fancy words when speaking for the purpose of impressing others	16
1416482170	loquacious	very talkative; liking to talk; garrulous	17
1416482171	prattle	to speak on and on in a senseless and silly manner; to talk foolishly	18
1416482172	ramble	to talk on and on pointlessly, without clear direction	19
1416482173	rant	to talk very loudly, even wildly; rave	20
1416482174	rhetorical	relating to speech that is used to persuade or have some effect; insincere in expression	21
1416482175	verbose	using too many words; wordy; long winded	22
1416482176	voluble	talking with a great deal of ease; glib	23
1416482177	arrogant	overbearing; proud; haughty	24
1416482178	braggart	one who boasts a great deal	25
1416482179	complacent	self-satisfied; smug	26
1416482180	contemptuous	lacking respect; scornful	27
1416482181	disdainful	full of bitter scorn and pride; aloof	28
1416482182	egotistical	Excessively self-absorbed; very conceited	29
1416482183	haughty	having great pride in oneself and dislike for others	30
1416482184	insolent	boldly disrespectful in speech or behavior; rude	31
1416482185	narcissistic	having to do with extreme self-adoration and a feeling of superiority of everyone	32
1416482186	ostentatious	having to do with showing off; pretentious	33
1416482187	presumptuous	too forward or bold; overstepping proper bounds	34
1416482188	pretentious	claiming or pretending increased importance; ostentatious; affectedly grand	35
1416482189	supercilious	looking down on others; proud and scornful	36
1416482190	swagger (vb.)	to walk around in a proud showy manner; to boast in a loud manner	37
1416482191	banal	dull or stale because of overuse; trite; hackneyed	38
1416482192	cliché	an idea or expression that has become stale due to overuse	39
1416482193	derivative (adj.)	unoriginal; taken from something already existing	40
1416482194	hackneyed	made common place by overuse; trite (n. hack, one who copies or imitates the work of others)	41
1416482195	insipid	lacking flavor or taste; unexciting	42
1416482196	lackluster	lacking vitality, energy, or brightness; boring	43
1416482197	mundane	commonplace; ordinary	44
1416482198	platitude	quality of being dull; an obvious remark uttered as if it were original	45
1416482199	prosaic	dull; commonplace	46
1416482200	trite	unoriginal and stale due to overuse	47
1416482201	vapid	lacking freshness and zest; flat; stale	48
1416482202	allay	to lessen fear; to calm; to relieve pain	49
1416482203	alleviate	to lessen pain or discomfort	50
1416482204	ameliorate	to make better; to lessen pain, difficulty, or tension	51
1416482205	appease	to make tranquil or quiet, especially by giving into another's demands; to pacify	52
1416482206	assuage	to alleviate; to lessen pain or conflict; pacify	53
1416482207	consciliate	to win a person over through special considerations or persuasive methods; reconcile	54
1416482208	mediate	to act as a go-between in settling conflicts or disputes between people or opposing sides	55
1416482209	mitigate	to make or become less severe; to lessen pain or damage	56
1416482210	mollify	to pacify, soothe, or appease; to make less severe or violent	57
1416482211	pacify	to calm; to make peaceful; to restore to a tranquil state	58
1416482212	placate	to make calm; to soothe	59
1416482213	quell	to pacify; to subdue; to quiet down	60
1416482214	affable	easy to talk to; easy to approach, friendly; kind; amiable	61
1416482215	amiable	friendly, kind	62
1416482216	amicable	showing goodwill; peaceable	63
1416482217	congenial	compatible; having kindred needs or tastes; sympathetic	64
1416482218	convivial	sociable, outgoing in a festive way, especially when pertaining to eating and drinking; fond of good company	65
1416482219	cordial	warm and friendly; amiable	66
1416482220	gregarious	sociable, outgoing	67
1416482221	jocular	liking to be with people, joke around with them and have fun	68
1416482222	levity	lightheartedness; gaiety; carefree disposition, particularly when not appropriate	69
1416482223	animosity	hatred; ill will	70
1416482224	antagonism	hatred or hostility	71
1416482225	bellicose	of a quarrelsome nature; eager to fight; warlike; belligerent	72
1416482226	belligerent	taking part in war or fighting; ready to fight	73
1416482227	cantankerous	bad-tempered or irritable; quarrelsome	74
1416482228	captious	made for the sake of quarreling; quibbling	75
1416482229	contentious	quarrelsome; belligerent	76
1416482230	disputatious	likely to dispute or argue	77
1416482231	polemical	inclined to argue or debate; controversial	78
1416482232	predator	one who takes advantage of another, exploits or feeds on another; a strong adversary or rival	79
1416482233	pugnacious	eager to fight; belligerent	80
1416482234	altruistic	showing an unselfish concern for others	81
1416482235	benevolent	giving freely and easily to others; charitable; kind	82
1416482236	largess	generous giving (also spelled largesse)	83
1416482237	lavish (#1)	generous in giving to others or in spending money	84
1416482238	magnanimous	generous in overlooking insult or injury by others; rising above pettiness	85
1416482239	munificent	very generous	86
1416482240	philanthropic	showing a desire to help others by gibing gifts; charitable; humane	87
1416482241	prodigal	wasteful; lavish	88
1416482242	squander	to spend money (or time) in a wasteful, uncaring fashon	89
1416482243	austere	having great economy; showing self-control when it comes to foregoing luxuries and frills; stern in manner or appearence	90
1416482244	avaricious	greedy	91
1416482245	frugal	careful with money; thrifty; not prodigal or wasteful	92
1416482246	mercenary	greedy for self-gain; thinking only of money-making	93
1416482247	miserly	careful with how money is spent; thrifty	94
1416482248	parsimonious	overly thrifty or miserly	95
1416482249	penurious	stingy; relating to great poverty, destitution	96
1416482250	thrifty	showing care with how money and resources are spent or used	97
1416482251	adversity	great trouble or difficulty	98
1416482252	conflagration	a huge fire, and inferno	99
1416482253	confounding	puzzling; baffling	100
1416482254	cryptic	hidden; hard to understand; mysterious; obscure	101
1416482255	debacle	a failure or breakdown; a collapse that is often nonsensical	102
1416482256	enigma	a riddle or mystery; a puzzling or baffling matter or person	103
1416482257	labyrinth	a maze from which it is very hard to extricate or free oneself	104
1416482258	precarious	dangerous or risky; uncertain	105
1416482259	quagmire	a difficult or troubling situation; a swampy ground, bog, mire	106
1416482260	quandary	a dilemma; a confusing or puzzling situation	107
1416482261	turbulence	great unrest; turmoil or disorder	108
1416482262	turmoil	a turbulent scenario or situation; tumult	109
1416482263	baneful	causing ruin; harmful; pernicious	110
1416482264	deleterious	harmful to one's health or overall welfare; pernicious	111
1416482265	detrimental	harmful	112
1416482266	devious	dishonest or deceptive; tricky	113
1416482267	iniquitous	showing a lack of fairness; wicked; vicious	114
1416482268	malicious	intending to hurt or harm another; spiteful	115
1416482269	nefarious	very mean and wicked	116
1416482270	odious	loathsome; evil; revolting in a disgusting way	117
1416482271	ominous	pertaining to an evil omen; foreboding	118
1416482272	pernicious	very destructive or harmful, usually in an inconspicuous and relentless way	119
1416482273	rancorous	deeply hateful or spiteful; malicious	120
1416482274	virulent	extremely poisonous; deadly; full of spiteful hatred	121
1416482275	berate	to rebuke or scold in a harsh tone	122
1416482276	carp	to find fault; to be critical	123
1416482277	castigate	to scold or punish severely	124
1416482278	censure	to criticize strongly	125
1416482279	chastise	to punish or scold harshly	126
1416482280	deprecate	to show mild disapproval	127
1416482281	deride	to ridicule or make fun of; to scoff at	128
1416482282	impugn	to oppose or attack someone or something as false or refutable	129
1416482283	rebuff	to snub; to bluntly refuse	130
1416482284	rebuke	to reprimand or scold sharply	131
1416482285	reprove	to speak to in a disapproving manner; to scold	132
1416482286	upbraid	to chide; to scold bitterly	133
1416482287	aloof	uninterested; showing no concern; emotionally removed or distant	134
1416482288	apathetic	indifferent; showing no caring, interest, or concern; lacking emotion	135
1416482289	detached	aloof; indifferent	136
1416482290	impassive	lacking emotion or drive	137
1416482291	indifferent	apathetic; showing little or no concern or care	138
1416482292	listless	lacking interest in something, usually because of illness fatigue, or general sadness; spiritless	139
1416482293	nonchalant	casual and indifferent; not showing any great concern or worry about anything	140
1416482294	phlegmatic	hard to get excited or emotional; calm; slow moving	141
1416482295	remote	emotionally distant and disinterested; aloof; uninvolved; distant, far away	142
1416482296	stolid	lacking emotion or not showing any emotion; stoical	143
1416482297	indolent	lazy; not wanting to do any work	144
1416482298	languor	a weak or lifeless feeling	145
1416482299	lassitude	a tired feeling, usually resulting from depression or too much work	146
1416482300	lethargic	having little or no energy	147
1416482301	sedentary	having to do with sitting around a lot	148
1416482302	sluggish	slow and lazy	149
1416482303	soporific	sleep-inducing; sleepy	150
1416482304	stagnant	lacking movement or energy	151
1416482305	torpid	lacking energy; relating to inactivity; feeling sluggish	152
1416482306	compliant	yielding, submissive	153
1416482307	fawning	gaining the favor of another by acting overly kind or by using flattery	154
1416482308	obsequious	obeying or performing a service for someone in an overly attentive manner	155
1416482309	servile	slave-like; very humble and submissive	156
1416482310	slavish	slave-like; overly humble; involving very hard work	157
1416482311	submissive	voluntarily obeying another; humble	158
1416482312	subordinate	inferior; lower in rank or status	159
1416482313	subservient	obedient; obsequious	160
1416482314	sycophant	a self-server who tries to gain the favor of others through the use of flattery of by being overattentive	161
1416482315	taody	a flatterer; a sycophant	162
1416482316	ardent	full of passion and emotion	163
1416482317	avid	showing enthusiasm; ardent	164
1416482318	ebullient	filled with a bubbly excitement, as if boiling over with excitement	165
1416482319	effervescent	lively; full of uplifted spirit; vivacious	166
1416482320	exuberant	overflowing with vitality and good spirits	167
1416482321	fanatical	full of great enthusiasm or devotion	168
1416482322	fervent	filled with passion or intensity	169
1416482323	impassioned	filled with passionate emotion	170
1416482324	vibrant	lively; full of vitality	171
1416482325	zealous	filled with enthusiasm; fervent	172
1416482326	adamant	unwilling to bend; unyielding	173
1416482327	dogmatic	strongly opinionated; rigid; dictatorial	174
1416482328	hidebound	strongly opinionated; narrow-mindedly stubborn	175
1416482329	intractable	stubborn; hard to manage	176
1416482330	obdurate	resistant to persuasion or softening; stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing	177
1416482331	obstinate	stubborn; inflexible	178
1416482332	recalcitrant	stubborn; disobedient; defiant	179
1416482333	resolve	firmness, determination	180
1416482334	unwavering	firm and determined	181
1416482335	unyielding	stubborn; inflexible	182
1416482336	willful	stubborn	183
1416482337	acoustics	the quality of sound, pertaining to how it is heard based on the quality and structure of the room	184
1416482338	cacophony	lack of harmony; loud and unpleasant noise; a racket	185
1416482339	clamor	unpleasant sound; noise	186
1416482340	din	ongoing loud sound; noise	187
1416482341	discordant	lacking harmony or agreement	188
1416482342	euphony	pleasing sound	189
1416482343	mellifluous	sweet and smooth sounding	190
1416482344	raucous	coarse-sounding; loud and unruly	191
1416482345	strident	shrill; high pitched	192
1416482346	vociferous	loud and noisy regarding one's own voice, especially shouting; demandingly clamorous	193
1416482347	acclaim	to express strong approval or praise; hail	194
1416482348	accolade	an award given as a sign of appreciation or respect	195
1416482349	adulate	to praise or flatter too greatly; fawn over	196
1416482350	esteem	to value highly; to have great regard for	197
1416482351	eulogize	to praise, as in a eulogy; to say good things about	198
1416482352	exalt	to praise or glorify; to lift up in status, dignity, or power	199
1416482353	laud	to praise; extol	200
1416482354	panegyrize	to praise a person or event in a formal speech or in writing; to praise highly	201
1416482355	revere	to regard highly with love and respect	202
1416482356	venerate	to feel or show deep respect for, especially due to age or tradition; to honor	203
1416482357	ample	abundant; plentiful; more than enough	204
1416482358	copious	abundant; much; plentiful	205
1416482359	lavish (#2)	abundant; in excess	206
1416482360	myriad (adj. and n.)	countless; a very large number	207
1416482361	plethora	excess; abundance	208
1416482362	profuse	abundant; more than enough	209
1416482363	prolific	abundant; producing a great deal; fertile	210
1416482364	superfluous	overabundant; more than is needed; unnecessary	211
1416482365	surfeit	an oversupply	212
1416482366	abstemious	holding back from eating or drinking too much	213
1416482367	alimentary	relating to good and nourishment	214
1416482368	culinary	having to do with cooking, preparing meals	215
1416482369	delectable	delicious	216
1416482370	emaciated	very, very thin due to lack of adequate food	217
1416482371	epicurean	having to do with relishing the pleasure of eating and drinking (n. epicure: the pleasure...)	218
1416482372	glutton	one who overindulges in food and drink	219
1416482373	palatable	pleasing to the taste buds	220
1416482374	ravenous	very hungry	221
1416482375	savory	tasty or good smelling	222
1416482376	voracious	greedy; gluttonous; ravenous; insatiable	223
1416482377	chary	cautious; wary	224
1416482378	circumspect	careful and cautious before acting	225
1416482379	conscientious	relating to doing what one knows is right; scrupulous	226
1416482380	exacting	requiring a great deal of care of effort; painstaking	227
1416482381	gingerly	very carefully	228
1416482382	heedful	paying careful attention to	229
1416482383	meticulous	very careful; fussy; finicky; fastidious	230
1416482384	scrupulous	showing great care and honesty, based on personal belief of what is right and proper	231
1416482385	vigilant	carefully alert and watchful	232
1416482386	wary	cautious, careful	233
1416482387	ephemeral	lasting a short time; fleeting	234
1416482388	evanescent	vanishing quickly; fleeting	235
1416482389	fleeting	short-lived	236
1416482390	itinerant	wandering about; tending to move around, travel	237
1416482391	nomadic	wandering	238
1416482392	peripatetic	moving or walking about; itinerant	239
1416482393	transient	lasting for only a short time; temporary	240
1416482394	transitory	fleeting	241
1416482395	volatile	explosive or changing very quickly	242
1416482396	antediluvian	very, very, old; antiquated	243
1416482397	antiquated	very old and no longer in use; obsolete	244
1416482398	antiquity	ancient times	245
1416482399	archaic	old; from a much earlier time; antiquated	246
1416482400	obsolete	old; outdated, no longer in use	247
1416482401	relic	a custom or object that has been around for a very, very long time	248
1416482402	contemporary	modern, new; relating to the same time period	249
1416482403	inception	the start, the beginning of something	250
1416482404	innovation	something new	251
1416482405	novel	new	252
1416482406	unprecedented	novel; unparalleled	253

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Causes of the American Revolution Flashcards

Causes of the American Revolution

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1060375835	Proclamation of 1763	Colonists were not allowed to settle past the Appalachian Mountains.	1
1060375836	Intolerable Acts	New British laws that punished Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party.	2
1060375837	Stamp Act	Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies	3
1060375838	Mercantilism	Colonies must provide raw materials and purchased finished goods for England	4
1060375839	Lack of representation in Parliament	argument made by colonists, not represented in British Parliament who were upset about the new taxes	5
1060375840	Declaring Independence	Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and was adopted on July 4th, 1776. It was the only option because of Lexington and Concord, Olive Branch Petition failed, And Thomas Paine's "Common Sense."	6
1060375841	Writing the Articles of Confederation	It was flawed because it was rushed and they over did it. It was good, however, because the government created got us through the war	7
1072644152	Lexington and Concord	April 1775, the first shots fired in the American Revolution. The British wanted to take away their weapons which led to the 2nd amendment- right to bare arms.	8
1072644153	Saratoga	When the French hear about the colonists victory, they team up with them to make an alliance	9
1072644154	Enduring the winter at Valley Forge	2,000 soldiers died. It was miserable, cold, soldiers were hungry and there were little supplies. Soldiers feet started bleeding and started to make a track in the snow with their blood.	10
1072644155	Yorktown	The French and the colonists surrounded the British until they had to surrender.	11
1072644156	Treaty of Paris	The treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution. Benjamin Franklin negotiated with the French.	12
1072673475	Amendment 1	Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition	13
1072673476	Amendment 2	Right to bare arms	14
1072673477	Amendment 3	Protection against soldiers staying in citizens homes	15
1072673478	Amendment 4	Right to Privacy Freedom from unreasonable searches	16
1072673479	Amendment 5	Protection of life, liberty, and property. Right to remain silent when accused	17
1078478138	Amendment 6	Right to a speedy trial	18
1078478139	Amendment 7	Right to a jury trial when someone sues another person	19
1078478140	Amendment 8	Fair bail and punishment	20
1078478141	Amendment 9	People have more rights than just these	21
1078478142	Amendment 10	The states have other rights	22