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Give Me Liberty! Ch. 15 Flashcards

Chapter 15 of Give Me Liberty! by Eric Foner

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384713694Reconstructionthe period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union
384713698Special Field Order 15Shermans response to meeting with black leaders, set aside large area of South Carolina and Georgia coasts for black families to settle with 40 acres of land and broken-down mules . "40 acres and a mule" 40,000 freed slaves settled here in hopes of building black independence.
384713700black churchesMostly Methodist and Baptist, 250 black ministers where in office during Reconstruction
384713701first black collegesFisk University in Tennessee, Hampton Institute in Virginia, and Howard University in Washington DC
384713703freedom to former slavesan open ended process, a transformation of every aspect of their lives and of the society and culture that had sustained slavery in the first place
384713704Confederate men deaths260,000, 1/5 of southern white male population
384713705Southern Farmingproperty value 30% less than before, lost slaves, lost savings that they had invested in confederate bonds, some people experiencing physical labor for the first time
384713706Freedmens Bureaulead by O.O. Howard 1865-70, aided distressed freedmen (freed slaves) through legal food and housing, oversight, education, health care, and employment contracts with private landowners.
384713707Andrew Johnson"honest yeoman" racist born in poverty Lincoln's VP took over after Lincoln was assassinated, ordered 'shermans land' (40 acres for blacks) to be given back to their original owners, super duper racist
384713708the task systemworkers were assigned daily tasks after completed they were free to do whatever
384713709wage laborpredominated on the sugar plantations, closely supervised, survived in rice kingdom of south Carolina and Georgia
384713710sharecroppersrented land owned by others
384713711Johnson's pardonsrestored political and property rights except for slaves, established new governments in south, opposed by northerners
384713712Black CodesSouthern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves. Granted: legalized marriage, property ownership, and limited access to the courts. Denied:ability to testify against whites, serve on juries, serve in state militias, and ability to vote.
384713713Radical RepublicansThese were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after.
384713714Charles SumnerRadical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks
384713715Thaddeus StevensA radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the radical Republicans in Congress.
384713716Civil Rights Act of 1866said all people born in the United States are citizens and have the right to our freedoms, A bill passed as a measure against the Black Codes to reinforce black rights to citizenship. It was vetoed by Johnson and was later passed as the 14th Amendment.
38471371713th Amendmentofficially abolished slavery, prohibits involuntary servitude.
38471371814th AmendmentDeclares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
38471371915th Amendmentcitizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
384713720The Reconstruction Actreorganized the South into five military districts., Divided the South into five districts, each commanded by a union general and policed by Union soldiers to maintain order and protect civil rights. It temporarily disfranchised tens of thousands of former Confederates, required states to ratify the 14th Amendment if they wanted to be re-admitted to the Union, and states' constitutions had to allow former adult male slaves to vote.
384713721Tenure of Office Act1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet
384713722Ulysses S. GrantU.S. president 1873-1877. Military hero of the Civil War, won against Horatio Seymour
384713723"waving the bloody shirt"This was a campaign tactic used by post-Civil War Republicans to remind northern voters that the Confederates were Democrats. The device was used to divert attention away from the competence of candidates and from serious issues. It was also used to appeal to black voters in the South.
384713724Naturalization Lawan act passed by Congress at the beginning of Jefferson's presidency that reduced the requirement of fourteen years of residency to the previous requirement of five years
384713725carpetbaggersA derogatory term applied to Northerners who migrated south during the Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their own fortunes by buying up land from desperate Southerners and by manipulating new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts.
384713726scalawagsA derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners.
384713727Reconstruction's OpponentsThe Souths - planters, merchants, and Democrats. Bitterly opposed new govt.
384713728Whiskey RingDuring the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.
384713729Ku Klux Klanmeant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American. Against Republican leaders. Wore white robes and hood, lynched and tortured 'un' Americans
384713730Enforcement Actsoutlawed terrorist societies and and allowed the president to use the army against them (mostly for KKK)
384713731Liberal RepublicansIn 1872, Republican reformers, alarmed by the corruption and scandals in the Grant administration, organized this branch of the Republican Party and nominated Horace Greeley for president. They were laissez faire liberals who opposed legislation that benefited any particular group.
384713732Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction10% of the voters in each Southern state had to swear an oath of loyalty to the US
384717684Barrow Plantationkept detailed records of whippings for 2 years there were 160 whippings and 200 slaves
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Ch. 10-- "Launching the New Ship of State" Flashcards

Chapter 10 of the American Pageant
[aka "The Constitution and New Republic", 1787-1800]

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225708405Mt. Vernon ConferenceMeeting presided over by George Washington at his home at Mt. Vernon, Va, 1785. Representatives from Pennsylvania, Virginia, Delaware, Maryland discussed serious issues of the nation and, upon realizing that they couldn't yet overcome them, agreed to meet in 1786 to further discuss with representatives from all states (the Annapolis COnvention)
225708406Annapolis ConventionFollowed (1786) the Mt. Vernon Conference, although only 5 states sent representatives. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton persuaded the attendees to go to another meeting, whose purpose would be to revise the Articles of Confederation, at Philadelphia.
225708407Constitutional ConventionAt which 12/13 states sent delegates (not Rhode Island, distrusting the other states) to meet and discuss a revision of the Articles, in Philadelphia. The meetings were kept secret from the public until they had finished the work. G. Washington was elected Chairman, and the task of revision was left to James Madison ("Father of the Constitution")
225708408Framers of ConstitutionThe Delegates present during the Philadelphia conference who had decided on the draft of the Constitution, who (anticipating opposition) specified that only 9/13 states would be needed to ratify the document. Each state would vote on the proposed constitution. The Framers themselves were 55 white, male, college educated men (a number of them Lawyers) and generally very wealthy. Many had also helped to write their own state's Constitutions
225708409James MadisonStrict constructionist, 4th president; "Father of the Constitution", leads nation through War of 1812.
225708410Alexander HamiltonUnited States statesman and leader of the Federalists; (1789-1795) was the First Secretary of the Treasury, and advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt (which put him into conflict with James Madison).
225708411Governor MorrisStatesman and a Founding Father of the United States. A native of New York, he represented Pennsylvania in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and was author of many sections of, as well as signed, the Constitution of the United States; Led a five-man Committee of Style in writing the final draft of the constitution. Proposed that the president would be elected by the people ("commander-in-chief")
225708412John DickinsonDrafted a declaration of colonial rights and grievances, and also wrote the series of "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" in 1767 to protest the Townshend Acts. Although an outspoken critic of British policies towards the colonies, Dickinson opposed the Revolution, and, as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776, refused to sign the Declaration of Independence.
225708413Checks and BalancesSystem of power where one branch of government has enough power to check the others.
225708414Virginia PlanMadison's proposal towards representatives in Congress, which favoured large states; presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population (which in the south was far larger, and therefore not supported by the North).
225708415New Jersey PlanCountered the Virginia Plan in that it favoured small states; proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states.
225708416Connecticut Plan/Great CompromiseSynthesis of New Jersey and VIrginia Plans-- provided for a 2-house COngress, where each state would be given equal representation in the Senate but represented according to population in the House of Representatives. j
225708417House of RepresentativesOne of the two parts of Congress, considered the "lower house." Representatives are elected directly by the people, with the number of representatives for each state determined by the state's population.
225708418SenateHas an equal number of representatives from each state, "upper house" of Congress.
2257084193/5 CompromiseCounted each slave as 3/5ths a person for the state's level of taxation and representation (thereby power in the nation)
225708420Electoral College Systemdelegates assign to each state a number of electors equal to the total of that state's representatives and senators; instituted because the delegates at Philadelphia feared that too much democracy might lead to mob rule
225708421FederalistsThose who supported the Constitution and a strong centralized federal Government (ex. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton); began during the period of ratification of the draft for the Constitution. Mostly near the COast and in large cities. Opposed by the Anti-federalists.
225708422Anti-federalistsGenerally small farmers/ settlers along the western frontier; were against the creation of a string centralized government for fear of their individual states losing power to a "tyranny" and created the Bill of Rights to protect personal liberties from the nation; Ex. Patrick Henry, John Hancock.
225708423"Federal Papers"85 Essays written for a New York newspaper by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison in favour of the Constitution, attacking the faults of the Articles of Confederation. (attempted) Counteraction by the "Anti-federalist papers", which advocated the opposite and spread by those who opposed the Constitution.
225708424Bill of Rights/ AmendmentsAdded to the Constitution for a greater support towards the ratification process from the Anti-federalists; contained list of personal rights that the government could not violate. Aka the First 10 Amendments (ex. "...right to keep and bear arms in a state militia", 1st Amendment)
225708425Legislative Branchthe lawmaking branch of government
225708426CongressThe legislative branch of government, as described in Article I of the US Constitution, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate. Primarily responsible for making laws.
225708427Executive Dpt.New departments organized by Washington in the executive branch; the cabinet formed continued four positions, Secretary of State (then T. Jefferson), Secretary of the Treasury (A. Hamilton), Secretary of War (H. Knox) and Attorney General (E. Randolph). These positions still form the cabinet today.
225708428CabinetAdvisors with whom the president meets regularly to discuss major policy issues, for obtaining advice and information from key leaders in the administration.
225708429Henry KnoxSecretary of War under Washington; was a trusted general of the American Revolution (In 1775 George Washington ordered him to bring the British artillery back to the siege of Boston that was captured at Fort Ticonderoga)
225708430Edmund RandolphGeneral Washington's aide-de-camp at dawn of Revolution; served both as a Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress and as Governor of Virginia from 1786-1788; submitted the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention (although refused to sign the Constitution); served as the first U.S. Attorney General, and succeeded Jefferson as Secretary of State. Resigned from office after being falsely accused of receiving money from France to influence Washington's administration against Great Britain, although the French government eventually cleared his name
225708431Judiciary Act (1789)In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system/ established the basic three-tiered structure of the Federal court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures and a Supreme Court with 6 justices, 3 circuit courts and 13 district court; Created the federal court system and allowed the president to create federal courts and to appoint judges.
225708432Federal CourtCourt of original jurisdiction for most federal cases. The only one that holds trials in which juries and witnesses are used.
225708433Supreme CourtThe highest court in the United States. This court primarily serves an appellate function;the only court officially established by the Constitution and also the only one to declare something "unconstitutional"
225708434National DebtHamilton proposed it be paid at face value by the government who would then have to assume the war debts of the states. In exchange for Jefferson's support of this plan, Hamilton would agree to the creation of a National Capital along the Potomac River in the South, today Washington DC
225708435"Citizen" Edmond GenetFrench minister to the USA, who appealed directly to American citizens to support the French cause in the Revolution-- Washington (supported unanimously by the Cabinet) asked that the diplomat be recalled, though by then Genet chose to stay in the US, become a citizen and marry an American.
225708436Process of Neutrality (1793)Washington's decision to stay out of foreign affairs due to the commercial complications this would have on European markets and a desire to form no permanent alliances in Europe as a young and struggling nation. Jefferson dropped out of the Cabinet from disagreement
225708437French RevolutionContemporary to the Presidency of G. Washington, under whom states were either for helping the french revolution due to an alliance (however, the Americans were allied with the Monarchy, not the rebels) and the fact that Britain was seizing American trade ships headed to France (who was also fighting the British) and forcing them to join the English Navy; but the public was also disturbed by the mob hysteria, mass executions and general anarchy. This divided American Support.
225708438tariffs/Excise taxesCreated to raise revenue for the Government to dissolve debt after the war; however, the tariffs were set too low for Hamilton who then proposed an excise tax (ex. Whiskey)
225708439national bankPlan proposed by Hamilton as a depository of excess funds, allowing the Government to control the national supply of money and establish a strong paper currency; though opposed by Jefferson/ Anti-federalists at first ("unconstitutional"), passed by the Elastic Clause ("necessary and proper")
229502691French Revolution...
229502692Proclamation of Neutrality- A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France that had begun with the French Revolution. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to warring countries.
229502693"Citizen" Edmond GenetFrench government representative asking for assistance for the French Revolution. Sparked support for the French Revolution and led to the creation of the Democratic-Republican party
229502694Jay TreatyWas made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley
229502695Pinckney Treaty1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans
229502696right of depositright to transfer goods at a destination without having to pay fees for the cargo
229502697Whiskey Rebellion, 1794One of the first domestic taxes was on whiskey which angered farmers because the liquid form of wheat was whiskey. Whiskey was what farmers made regularly because it was easier to bring into town. Hamilton convinced Washington that federal authority was being challenged and to send troops, which he did.
229502698Public Land Act1796, Act that set up an orderly procedure for dividing and selling public lands
229502699Federalist Era1790s were dominated by two Federalist figures around which political parties formed: Hamilton and Jefferson; Hamilton's federalists supposed his financial programs (loose interpretation of Constitution but strong central government)
229502700Democratic-Republican partiespolitical party founded in the 1790s that sought to preserve the power of the state governments and promote agriculture
229502701political partiesorganization that tries to influence gov. policy by promoting its ideas and backing candidates for office
229502702Washington's Farewell AddressWarned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.
229502703"Permanent Alliances"- making a permanent pack with another country that you will support them and they will support your economically and in war, Washington warned against creating these permanent alliance.
229502704two-term tradition- The two term tradition was created by or originated from George Washington, basically every president would work for two years and then voluntarily resign, even though there were no laws that said that they had to resign at a specific time. This tradition was carried out until the 1940 election of Franklin Roosevelt
229502705John AdamsAmerica's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."
229502706XYZ Affairincident of the late 1790s in which French secret agents demanded a bribe and a loan to France in lieu of negotiating a dispute over the Jay Treaty and other issues, instead of allowing the American delegates to meet with Talleyrand for negotiations
229502707Alien and Sedition ActsThese consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.
229502708Kentucky and Virginia Revolutionsdeceleration passed in 1798 and 1799 that claimed that each state has the right to decide whether a federal law is deemed unconstitutional withing a state's borders; this was a bad decision because it gave the states too much power; although it was a plan to give the states some role in the government-- failed
229502709Revolution of 1800Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule.
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MIS Chapter 5 Flashcards

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232025452databasea self-describing collection of integrated records
232025453bytea charcter of data
232025454columns (fields)grouped bytes
232025455rows (records)groups of fields
232025456table (file)a group of records
232025457keya column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table
232025458foreign keyskeys of a different table than the one in which they reside
232025459relationshipthe connection between the data in the database
232025460relational databasesdatabases that carry their data in the form of tables and that represents relationships using foreign keys
232025461metadatadata that describe data
232025462database application processan assembly of forms, reports,queries, and application programs that process a database
232025463database management system (DBMS)a program used to create, process and administer a database
232025464database management system (DBMS)DB2, Access, SQL Server, Oracle, And MySQL are all _____________
232025465Structured Query Language (SQL)an international standard language for processing a database.
232025466database applicationa collection of forms, reports, queries, amd application programs that process a database
232025467formare used to read, insert, mosify, and delete data.
232025468reportshows data in structured context
232025469queryanswers a question of the database
232025470multiuser processingmultiple users processing the database
232025471lost-update problema problem with multiple user databases, inconsistentcies between databases used
232025472Enterprise DBMSproducts process large organizational and workgroup databases.
232025473Personal DBMSproducts are designed for smaller, simpler database applications
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MIS Kroenke Ch. 1 Flashcards

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83245120MIS (Management Information Systems)the development and use of information systems that help businesses achieve their goals and objectives
83245121Five-Component FrameworkHardware, Software, Data Procedures, People
83245122nonroutine cognitive skillswould include abstract reasoning, problem solving, communication and collaboration
83245123Informationknowledge derived from Data - data presented in a meaningful context - Processed Data - data processed by summing, ordering, averaging, grouping, comparing or other similar operations - A difference that makes a difference - INFORMATION IS ALWAYS SUBJECTIVE
83245124Datarecorded facts or figures
83245125Worth its costThere must be an appropriate relationship between the cost of information and its value
83245126Information Technology (IT)the products, methods, inventions and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information
83245127High Value vs. High VolumeHigh-Value firms are those that produce unique products tailored to particular customer demands, typically in low volume
83245128Routine Production Servicesemployed by high-volume organizations. - Workers require few skills & need to be able to read and perform simple calculations, many of these jobs have moved offshore because of low skills & pay
83245129In-Person ServicesJobs that must be provided face-to-face. - simple & repetitive tasks require workers who can communicate, but otherwise the skills are low. (Waitresses, janitors, cahsiers, hotel workers, hospital attendants etc.)
83245130Symbolic-Analytic Servicesrequired by high-value organizations & deal with information and apply abstract reasoning. They use these skills to identify customer needs, to determine innovative ways of meeting those needs to find better ways to accomplish the organizations goals and objectives
83245131Problem IdentifiersOne type of Symbolic-analytic worker that processes information to determine that something is not as it should be
83245132Problem SolversOne type of Symbolic-Analytic worker that uses technology and other assets to create problem solutions
83245133Solution BrokersOne type of Symbolic-Analytic Worker that links problem identifiers with problem solvers. They understand the underlying domain of the problem and of the solutions and are able to raise money and influence decision makers to create the solution
83245134Moore's LawThe density of transistors on a computer chip relates to the speed of the chip. The speed of a computer chip doubles every 18 months
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MIS Kroenke Ch. 3 Flashcards

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89543790Porter's Five Forces Model5 competitive forces determine industry profitability: bargaining power of customers, threat of substitutions, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants and rivalry among existing firms
89543791Competitive Strategy...
89543792ValueThe amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a resource, product or service
89543793MarginThe difference between the value that an activity generates and the cost of the activity
89543794Value ChainA network of value creating activities - generic value chain consists of 5 primary activities and 4 support activities
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MIS Exam 1 Flashcards

Exam 1

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312427768Management information systems (MIS) is best defined as ________.· Development and use of information systems/ achieving business goals and objectives · Goal: Aligning the IS to achieve business goals and objectives
312427769Which of the following accurately describes the five-component framework of information systems?· Hardware, Software, Data, Procedures, People · A group of components that interact to produce information.
312522856Which of the following is a correct picture of the development and use of information systems?· Take an active role in IS to ensure that systems meet their needs · Understand how IT systems are constructed · Consider users' needs during development · Learn how to use IT systems · Take into account ancillary IT functions (security, backups)
312522857As CEO of a large organization, you are in the process of collecting and analyzing critical information for a strategic business decision that could influence the profits of your firm in a big way. Which of the following components of your IS would be most important in ensuring that you make the right decision?· You are part of every information system you use, and most important part, too · Cannot increase your IQ, but you can increase quality of your thinking. · (PEOPLE)
312522858Which of the following is an example of a low-tech information system?· Low-tech: A system that consists only of a file of email addresses and an email program. Only a small amount of work has been moved from the human side to the computer side. Considerable human work is required to determine when to send which emails to which customers. I.E. Calendar · High-tech: A customer support system that keeps track of the equipment that customers have and the maintenance schedules for that equipment and then automatically generates email reminders to customers. More work has been moved from the human side to the computer side. Computer is providing more services.
312522859Drummer Inc. is a sports equipment provider with a chain of outlets across three states. As part of their expansion strategy, Drummer Inc. decides to enter six more states while also revising its existing business processes. According to the five-component model of information systems, which of the following processes will be the least disruptive to the organization?Hardware
312522860Which of the following would be the most disruptive to an organization while implementing an information system?· People - personal responsibilities and reporting relationships and hiring
312522861It is generally more difficult to make changes to the _procedure__ of an information system than to the databases itself.Procedure
312522863Which of the following is the best example of information, and is not mere data?Information is knowledge derived from data, whereas data is defined as recorded facts of figures. (ex. Average hourly wage of instructors is 22.34 or Jeff earns less than half average of instructors wage)
312522864Which of the following statements is NOT true about information?· ALL TRUE · 1. Knowledge derived from data, whereas data defined as recorded facts or figures. · 2. Data presented in a meaningful context. · 3. Data processed by summing, ordering, averaging, grouping, comparing, or other similar operations. 4. A difference that makes a difference
312522865Which of the following instances illustrates the concept "One person's information is another person's data?"Ex. Tell someone some information, The other person would respond "yeah, so what's your point?" If you manage instructors, average hourly wage is information and you are managing partner you may night care so it is just data
312522866As CEO of a large organization, you had asked the human resources manager to send you information about the rate of employee turnover in your organization for the last quarter. The manager sends you the salary details of new hires during the same period. The information is likely to be of little use to you because it is ________.· Irrelevant to context
31252286714. As the CEO of a large company, you ask the sales manager to report the sales figures of the previous quarter. The manager sends you details of each invoice drawn up in the previous quarter. This information is not good because it is ________.· Not timely
31252286815. As production manager at a bottling plant for a cola manufacturer, you receive reports containing figures for raw materials from last year, but stated as the current year's. This information would qualify as bad information because it is ________.· Not accurate
31252286916. You are looking to buy a home within the price-range of $500,000 to $700,000, but your real-estate agent keeps sending you fliers for homes that cost $10,00,000 or more. This information is likely to be useless to you because it is ________.· Not relevant to context
31252287017. Which of the following statements is true of good information?· Accurate · Timely · Relevant (to context, to subject) · Just Sufficient · Worth its cost
31252287118. Which of the following is true about the quality of information?· -Accurate, Timely, Relevant (to context and subject), Just Sufficient, and Worth its Cost · -Information is not free · -All information is not equal
31252287219. Identify one way in which IT differs from IS.· IT refers to the products, methods, inventions, and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information. IT pertains to the hardware, software, and data components. IS is an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that produces information. You can buy IT, but you can never buy an IS!
31252287320. Which of the following statements supports the principle that "One can buy IT, but not IS?"· Can buy or lease hardware, you can license programs and databases and you can even obtain predesigned procedures. Your people who execute those procedures to employ that new IT
31252287421. Which of the following is an appropriate technique for creating memorable, strong passwords?· Has seven or more characters · Does not contain your user name, real name, or company name · Does not contain a complete dictionary word, in any language · Is different from previous passwords you have used · Contains both upper- and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters (such as ~ ! @ # ; # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + ; - = { }? ")
31252287522. Vera Lewis, an employee of Akme Corp. since three years, is in the process of developing a login password. Which of the following is a password that is strong and easy for Vera to remember?· Use first letter of the title or song or poem or one based on some fact about your life
31252287623. Which of the following is a guideline for maintaining good password ettiquette?· Never write down your password · Do not share it with others · Never ask someone else for his password · Never give your password to someone else
31252287724. As the IT manager of your organization, you require a coworker's password to access some information. Keeping with password ettiquette, how would you go about getting his password?· Say to him, "we need your password," and then get out of your chair, offer your keyboard to him, and look away while he enters the password. · Get out of the way so that another person can enter her password ( or look away while she enters password)
31252287825. A student team, which is assigned a term project, meets and divides the work into sections and then team members work independently on their individual pieces. An hour before the project is due the team members meet again to assemble their independent pieces into a whole. Which of the following is lacking in this activity?· Collaboration is lacking
31252287926. Which of the following statements is true regarding collaborative systems?· Involves communication and coordination, but is greater than either of those two components · Involves feedback and iteration · Driven by communication, content management, and workflow control
31252288128. Project teams should document project results and learnings. Which of the following is the phase in which the teams perform this?· Wrapping-up
31252288229. Kate has to organize an asynchronous communication involving her team members because she works from home. Which of the following could she use?· Email, Discussion forums, team surveys
31252288330. Which of the following is one reason why discussion forums are better than emails in asynchronous communication?· Because it is harder for the discussion to get off track
31252288431. Kyra orders 500 units of Type-2 steel beams for the next month for her company. In doing so, she has made a(n) __operational____ decision.Operational
31252288633. Identify a question that must be answered during the planning phase of project management.· What tasks need to be accomplished? · How the tasks are related tone another? · Who is responsible for each task? · When will tasks be completed?
31252288734. Using a standardized procedure to allocate laptop computers to employees is an example of a(n) ___managerial_____ decision.___managerial_____
31252288835. An organization uses a formula to compute the reorder quantity of an item in inventory. This is an example of a(n) ___structured___ decision process.___structured___
31252288936. Isabel, an HR manager and two of her executives are discussing a candidate's application. They examine his qualifications and experience. Isabel also tries to gauge his cultural fit with their team before deciding to hire the person. This is an example of ___unstructured_____ decision-making.___unstructured_____
31252289037. Which of the following is an example of an unstructured decision?· No agreed upon decision making method · Ex: predicting the future direction of the economy or the stock market · Prediction method varies from person to person · Deciding how well suited an employee is for a particular job
31252289138. Which of the following observations about the relationship between decision type and decision process is true?· Decisions at the operational level tend to be structured, and decisions at the strategic level tend to be unstructured. Managerial decisions tend to be both structured and unstructured.
31252289239. Which of the following decisions is least likely to involve collaboration?· -Deciding how much of product A to order from vendor B does NOT require much collaboration. · -Structured decisions usually do not need collaboration. · -Feedback and iteration are crucial for unstructured decisions
31252289340. Free data communications and data storage will make collaboration systems cheaper and easier to use by 2021. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of this development?· -Face-to-face meetings will be rare · -Employees whose services need not be provided in person will work at home full time · -Nearly all corporate training will be online; most will be asynchronous · -Bringing people together physically will be expensive in cost and time
31252289441. Competitive strategy determines the structure, features, and functions of every information system. What is the most likely reason behind this statement?· An organizations goals and objectives are determined by competitive strategy
31252289643. Which of the following products/services is most likely to face the lowest threat of substitutes?...
31252289744. Which of the following is most likely to have the highest threat of substitution?· Strong force of substitution when there are many other options · Ex Strong Force: Frequent traveler's choice of auto rental · Ex Weak Force: Patients using the only drug effective for their type of cancer
31252289845.Which of the following situations represents strong bargaining power of suppliers?· Ex Strong Force: Students purchasing gasoline (natural resource: not many suppliers) · Ex Weak Force: Grain farmers in a surplus year (plenty of supply and suppliers)
31252289946. Identify a situation where rivalry would be a weak force.· Ex Weak Force: Internal Revenue Service
31252290047. A new drug that has shown promise in curing lung cancer has been discovered by a famous chemical laboratory. This is the only drug effective for treatment of this disease. The laboratory obtains a patent for the product and decides to sell it. This situation is characterized by a ________.· Creating new product/service (product implementation) · Raise barrier to market entry (process implementation) · Lowers threat of new entrants (one of Porter's five forces) · Differentiation - better product/service across an industr
31252290148. Bargaining power of customers is likely to be the highest for ________.· Ex Strong Force: Toyota's purchase of auto paint · Ex Weak Force: Your power over the procedures and policies of your university
31252290249.The automobile industry is characterized by many manufacturers and intense competition among them. This statement represents ________.· Rivalry Force (could possibly by a strong threat of substitution too)
31252290350. An automobile company decides to improve the quality of all its products and bring more variety into its product line. The company has decided to adopt ________....
31252290451. Focused differentiation occurs when ________.· Better product/service within an industry segment
31252290552. Focused cost-leadership is observed when a product has the lowest cost ________.· Lowest cost within an industry segment
31252290653. Lynn is going through this week's delivery schedule. She calls her team and assigns territories for each executive. She contacts the fleet supervisor to arrange trucks for transportation. Which activity of the value chain is Lynn executing?· Outbound Logistics
31252290754. Which of the following is a support activity in the value chain?· Procurement, Technology, Human Resources, Firm Infrastructure
31252290855. Which of the following can be considered a support activity in the value chain?· Procurement, Technology, Human Resources, Firm Infrastructure
31252290956. Which of the following statements is consistent with the central idea of business process design?· Organizations should not automate or improve existing functional systems; rather they should create new more efficient business processes; transfer inputs into outputs
31252291057. Which of the following cannot be considered a part of the sales process?· Inducing buyers to purchase the product and providing a means for them to do so
31252291158. Which of the following activities of a computer manufacturer cannot be considered a part of inbound logistics?· Inbound Logistics: Receiving, storing, and disseminating inputs to the product · Inventory, raw materials, parts are all part of inbound logistics
31252291360. Rentocycle is a company that rents bicycles. It provides "best-of-breed" rentals to executives at a high-end conference resort. The company is using a ________ strategy.· Focused Differentiation or Lock in customers by making themselves easy to work with
31252291461. Which of the following principles of competitive advantage is related to PRODUCT implementations?· Creating new products or services · Enhancing existing products or services · Differentiating their products and services from those of their competitors (by cost, by quality)
31252291562. Which of the following principles of competitive advantage is related to PROCESS implementations?· Lock in customers and buyers · Lock in suppliers · Raise barriers to market entry · Establish alliances · Reduce costs
31252291663. Huen Software, an application provider to the gaming industry, decided to increase its portfolio by developing 3-D graphics-supported games for the mobile gaming industry. By doing this, which competitive strategy is Huen Software implementing?· Creating new products or services (product implementation) · Differentiation across industry
31252291764. PowerCruise, a holiday cruise firm, recently offered its existing customers an extension of six months to their membership without any additional charges. By doing this, which competitive strategy is PowerCruise implementing?· Reduce Costs (process implementation) · Cost leadership across industry
31252291865. An organization wants to achieve competitive advantage through process implementations. Which of the following actions would help them do that?· Lock in customers and buyers · Lock in suppliers · Raise barriers to market entry · Establish alliances · Reduce costs
31252291966. Synapz, a manufacturer of office automation products, recently received a patent for an advanced therapeutic ergonomics technology. By doing this which principle of competitive strategy is Synapz following?· Creating new product/service (product implementation) · Raise barrier to market entry (process implementation) through patent · Lowers threat of new entrants (one of Porter's five forces) · Differentiation - better product/service across an industry
31252292067. Locking in customers by making it difficult or expensive for customers to move to another product is called establishing high ________.· Establishing high switching costs
31252292168. Organizations can lock in suppliers by making it difficult to switch to another organization or by ________.· Making it easy to connect to and work with the organization
31252292269. July Networks provides digital television services across the country. They have cutting-edge technology that provides a clearer resolution. Customers are required to pay an up-front fee to cover the first two years of the subscription. By doing this, which competitive strategy is July Networks implementing?· Lock in customers by requiring two year fee (high switching costs) · Differentiating their product by quality
31252292370. A large software manufacturer attempts to lock in customers by making it difficult for customers to change to another product. Identify the strategy used here.· Lock in customers (process implementation), possibly through high switching costs
313443738Structured vs Unstructured Decision MakingStructured - planned out and agreed upon procedure Unstructured - · No agreed upon decision making method · Ex: predicting the future direction of the economy or the stock market · Prediction method varies from person to person · Deciding how well suited an employee is for a particular job
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IB Equilibrium Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
47001545equal toAt equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is ----- the rate of the reverse reaction
47001546closedequilibrium only exists in a(n) ----- system
47001547greaterProducts are favored when Kc is ------ than 1.
47001548lessReactants are favored when Kc is ------ than 1.
47003574catalystThis variable will affect the rate of reaction, but not equilibrium.
47003575lessIncreasing the pressure will push equilibrium towards the side with ---- moles of gas
47003576productsIncreasing the temperature will favor ----- in an endothermic reaction
47003577vanadium oxideThis catalyst is used to increase the rate of the Contact process
47003578ironThis catalyst is used to increase the rate of the Haber process
47003579decreaseDecreasing the pressure above a liquid will ----- the boiling point. (HL)
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Shifts in the equilibrium for reaction: Liquid + heat energy vapor Flashcards

Liquid + heat energy <--> vapor
Format of flashcards
Change-----------Shifts
When testing, use "Prompt with term"

Terms : Hide Images
302778003addition of liquidright
302778004removal of liquidleft
302778005addition of vaporleft
302778006removal of vaporright
302778007decrease in container volumeleft
302778008increase in container volumeright
302778009decrease in temperatureleft
302778010increase in temperatureright
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Chapters 16/17/18 Thermodynamics and Equilibrium REVIEW Flashcards

Thermodynamics and Equilibrium

Terms : Hide Images
66554043What two factors are necessary for a spontaneous reaction to occur?1.) - Change of heat=exothermic (enthalpy) 2.) + Change of heat(S)=entropy (disorder, chaos)
66554044How can entropy be increased?Increase temperature, more products then reactants, dissolve solute in solvent, gases=most entropy
66554045What two factors allow for a more effective collision?1.) enough kinetic energy 2.) proper orientation (- & +)
66554046List the fice factors that can affect the rate of reaction.1.) catalyst 2.) surface area 3.) temperature (high) 4.) concentration 5.) nature of reactANTS
66554047What two things does a catalyst do?Lowers activation energy and speeds up the reaction
66554048LeChatlier's 4 stresses...?1.) concentration(molarity) 2.) temperature 3.) pressure 4.) catalyst
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