| 489641479 | Bad Qualities of the Catholic Church 1400 to 1517 | Low education levels, Immoral clergy, Poor religious leaders, Absenteeism, Low prestige | |
| 489641480 | Poor Religious leaders 1400 to 1517 | Pius II wrote love stories, Sixtus IV spent a lot of money on art, Innocent III was known for scandal and luxury | |
| 489641481 | Absenteeism | Based on pluralism which was popes having multiple beneficiaries and not attending all of them, Resulted in widespread illiteracy of the priesthood | |
| 489641482 | Reasons for loss of church prestige 1440 to 1517 | Babylonian captivity where the babylonians captured christians, Pope in Auingnon France, Conciliar Movement | |
| 489641483 | Auignon France | Romans upset because of location of the Pope, elect a new pope, now there are two popes, elect third pope to overrule the other two popes, didn't work, didn't all agree, caused conciliar movement to have a council run the church, failed | |
| 489641484 | Area of Church Problems 1400 to 1517 | Administrative and moral issues, NOT DOCTRINAL ISSUES | |
| 489641485 | Good Qualities of the Catholic Church 1400 to 1517 | Popular, festivals, Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Jimenez, Imitation of Christ, Brethren of Common Life | |
| 491557118 | Martin Luther : Background | Abuse, Strict, Gained religious experience from schooling in Erfurt, Watched friends die from plague, Decided to become a monk after nearly being struck by lightning, Disobeyed his parents, Married a woman who had once taken monastic vows | |
| 491557119 | Matin Luther : Indulgences | Studied Bible, Could not find Indulgences, Bothered Luther because it implied a limitation on the power of God to determine salvation and give penance, Publishes 95 Thesis | |
| 491557120 | Indulgences | Johann Tetzel spread the idea that buying indulgences would mean spending less time in purgatory, you can buy it more relatives and future sins | |
| 491557121 | Luther v. John Eck 1519 | Result of 95 Thesis, Luther refused to take back what he had stated | |
| 491557122 | Diet of Worms 1521 | Luther's final break to recant, Luther asserted that he was bound only by the Scriptures and conscience, Luther labeled an outlaw | |
| 491557123 | Protestantism | Any religion which goes against the Catholic Church | |
| 491557124 | Confession of Augsburg 1530 | Luther defines Lutheranism, salvation by faith alone, religious authority rests in Bible, Church is a community of believers, all vocations have merit, Only 3 sacraments of Baptism, Confession, Eucharist, Consubstantration | |
| 491557125 | Consubstantration | Lutheran belief that Eucharist is not an actual transformation but merely a symbolic presence | |
| 491557126 | Social Impact of Luther's Actions | Standard version of German, Home becomes opposite of work, Protestant schools established, Education, literate, business classes all join Luther | |
| 491557127 | Martin Luther : General Views | Hated the Jews, Marriage is a women's career, Sexist | |
| 491557128 | The Spread of Lutheranism | Luther a good writer and speaker, Invention of the printing press, pulpit (taught in church), On Christian Liberty, 12 Articles, An Admonition of Peace, Against the Thieving Murderous Hordes or Peasants | |
| 491557129 | On Christian Liberty 1520 | A Christian man is subject to no one | |
| 491557130 | 12 Articles | By Swabian Peasants, Demands to make peasant life more enjoyable | |
| 491557131 | An Admonition of Peace 1525 | Nothing is worth force, Rebellion is bad, Peasants took this as a hint to rebel against the nobles | |
| 491557132 | Against the Thieving Murderous Horders of Peasants 1525 | Nothing is worth force, Luther doesn't like peasants and now wants nobles to suppress the rebelling peasants | |
| 491557133 | Political Impact of Luther's Actions | The Empire of Charles V, Fighting for religious unity, Religion is a public matter, Ruler determines religions for the area, Religious freedom is not something everyone believed in, Sparks anti-Roman / anti-Catholic sentiment, Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, Hapsburg-Valois War allow spread, Peace of Augsburg | |
| 491557134 | Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation | Princes should take church property, abolish indulgences, and get rid of clerical privileges, resulted in the conversion of many princes to lutheranism, some believed some just wanted money | |
| 491557135 | Peace of Augsburg 1555 | Local prince picks religion between catholic or lutheran, supposed to bring peace but it didnt | |
| 491557136 | First country to adapt ___ as their official language | Norway | |
| 491557137 | Calvinism : Founder and Beliefs | John Calvin, Predestination | |
| 491557138 | Predestination | God determines where you go after death | |
| 495122030 | Geneva is this religion | Calvinist | |
| 495122031 | Institutes of the Christian Faith | Book by Calvin, God is all knowing and all powerful, Power rests in God, Man has no free will | |
| 495122032 | Genevan Catechism | Book by Calvin, Mapped out what Calvinist was, Was a series of 4 questions and long essay like answers that had to be memorised by all Calvinists, If can't answer questions people were humiliated and/or tortured | |
| 495122033 | Michael Servetus | Catholic, Became Calvinist upon coming to Geneva, Left Geneva and was burnt at the stake | |
| 495122034 | Anabaptists : Beliefs | "To baptise again", Adult baptism, Voluntary association, Separation of church and state, Radical and extreme, Influenced Quakers, Baptists, Congregationalists | |
| 495122035 | Zwingli | Swiss, Similar beliefs to Luther but was a fighter | |
| 495122036 | Lollardy and Whycliff | Same ideas as Luther from a long time ago, No one listened to them | |
| 495122037 | Marriages of Henry VIII | Catherine of Aragon (Mary), Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth), Jane Seymour (Edward), Anne of Cleaves, Katherine Howard, Katherine Parr | |
| 495122038 | Act in Restraint of Appeals 1533 | If you don't like a decision, come and talk about it | |
| 495122039 | Act of Submission of the Clergy 1534 | Henry is in charge | |
| 495122040 | The Supremacy Act 1534 | Henry is Pope of England and the Anglican Church | |
| 495122041 | Impact of Henry's Actions | Dissolution of the monasteries, Protestant literature circulates, Cromwell centralized Henry's rule to deal with land issues, Act of Succession, Edward becomes king 1547, Mary takes over 1553, Elizabeth takes over 1558 | |
| 495122042 | Dissolution of the monasteries | Thomas Cromwell as a leader, Taking over monastic land to make money, Some support, some had no idea, Some angry (Pilgrimage of Grace) | |
| 495122043 | Pilgrimage of Grace | Anti Anglican Revolt, Attempt to overthrow Henry, Bloodbath | |
| 495122044 | Act of Succession | Edward I to take over, then Edwards' kids, then Mary and Elizabeth | |
| 495122045 | Book of Common Prayer | Book written by Thomas Cranmer, the Anglican Church is the first step in becoming different | |
| 495122046 | Reign under Mary (1553-1558) | Attempt to kill Protestants, 2000 people burned, Bloody Mary, Died after 5 years of disease, Restored Catholic faith | |
| 495122047 | Reign under Elizabeth (1558-1603) | Elizabethan Settlement, Attempt to make everyone happy | |
| 495122048 | Elizabethan Settlement | Everyone is officially Anglican, Allowed to worship other religions in privacy of home | |
| 495122049 | Religion in Scotland | John Know establishes Calvinism | |
| 495122050 | Catholic Reformation | Failed attempt at renewal through spiritual fervor because the popes are slow to make reform due to the conciliar movement, Lateran Council made small reforms in an attempt the fix corruption such as pawn shops | |
| 495122051 | Catholic-Counter Reformation | Attempt to convince heretics, Council of Trent, Goals to reform abuses with the church, confirm the Church's basic rules, the stemming of the spread of Protestantism, the suppression of heresy | |
| 495122052 | Council of Trent (1545-1563) | Failed doctrinal attempt to reform church and reconcile with Protestants, Successful attempts in reforms, schools, and strengthening church discipline | |
| 495238869 | Tridentine Decree | Pope has to go to church every three years | |
| 495238870 | Tametsi Decree | Had to be married in Catholic Church for it to be legal | |
| 495238871 | Religious Orders | Groups of people trying to convert others back to Catholic, Angela Merici, Society of Jesuits, Congregation of the Holy Office | |
| 495238872 | Angela Merici | Taught girls to be good Catholics, Plus for women education, Ursuline Order of Nuns | |
| 495238873 | Society of Jesus | Jesuits, Ignatius Loyola, Incredibly successful missionaries, Powerful organisation, Converted people to Catholicism, Respected more than Pope, Best schools | |
| 495238874 | Congregation of the Holy Office | Tortured and killed people who don't get it, Inquisition in Italy, Attempt to restore Catholicism, Index of Prohibited Books | |
| 495238875 | Religious Wars and Expanded Empires | Treaty of Cateau, Wars bigger, Armies bigger, More expensive, Beginning of modern warfare / modern technology | |
| 495238876 | Treaty of Cateau | Ended dynastic wars and begins wars of religion and politics | |
| 495238877 | Francis I (1515-1547) | French language became official language of new royal law courts, Makes lots of money, Taille tax gives some money to armies, Concord of Bologna, Repeals Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges | |
| 495238878 | Concord of Bologna | Makes France officially Catholic, 10% of all French nobility were Huguenots | |
| 495238879 | Henry II (1547-1559) | 3 feeble sons, Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III, Nobles take advantage of feebleness and become Huguenot | |
| 495238880 | St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (August 24 1572) | Catholics attack Calvinists, Was intended to be reconciliation event, Marriage of Catholic Margaret of Valois to Huguenot King Henry Of Narvarre, Catholic Henry of Guise attacks liberal advisor of Henry of Navarra, Launches War of the Three Henry's | |
| 495238881 | War of the Three Henry's (1574-1576) | Between August 25 and October 3, 12000 Huguenots were killed, Henry III assassinated, Henry of Navarre becomes king in 1576, in Peace of Beaulieu Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IX | |
| 495238882 | Politiques in France | Attempt to save France from violence, "Paris is worth a mass" Henry IX becomes Catholic to peacefully rule France, Edict of Nantes | |
| 495238883 | Edict of Nantes (1598) | Deal with Huguenots, Gives them 200 cities, Can live there and be protected while being Huguenots | |
| 495238884 | Amsterdam and Antwerp | Replaced Venice and Florence as the most prosperous cities in Europe, Welcomed all religions, 17 different provinces with their own rights, Charles X and money unite them, Charles retires in 1556, Splits empire with west going to Phillip II and east going to brother Ferdinand, Phillip didn't like the mixed religions, Gives the Netherlands to Margaret, Introduced Inquisition, Council of Blood | |
| 495238885 | Thirty Years War : Phases | Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French / International | |
| 495238886 | Thirty Years War : Causes | Ferdinand got land from Charles V, Wants to make land Catholic, Bohemian King was Calvinist, Said no, Defenstration, Thrown out window, Didn't die | |
| 495332676 | Thirty Years War : Battle of Witch Mountain | in Bohemian Phase, Win for Catholics | |
| 495332677 | Thirty Years War : Battles and Key Points | Battle of Witch Mountain, Win for Catholics, Danish and Swedish Protestants revolt, Catholics win again, Edict of Restitution says Calvinism is illegal so they must give land back, Protestant Gustavus Adolphus wins battle of Breitenfeld for the Protestants, Stalemate in war, Beginning of modern warfare, French join in on the Protestant side because they hate the Hapsburgs, Treaty of Westphalia ends war | |
| 495332678 | Treaty of Westphalia | Reasserted Peace of Augsburg, Added Calvinism, Everything else left exactly the same | |
| 495332679 | War in the Netherlands | Turns reformation into war of independence, Dutch Will of Orange want independence from Spanish Alexander Farness, Farness fights his way North, Takes over 10 Southern provinces, Cannot defeat 7 Northern provinces, Union of Utrecht 1580 | |
| 495332680 | Union of Utrecht 1580 | The Southern Provinces become the Spanish Netherlands, The Northern Provinces become the Union of Utrecht or the Netherlands, Independence not officially recognized until 1648 in the Treaty of Westphalia | |
| 495332681 | 3 Reasons why Elizabeth helped the Dutch | Wanted Dutch to win to increase trade, Believes Farness would come after her next to win England, Fear of Catholic comeback | |
| 495332682 | Mary Queen of Scots and the Execution | Elizabeth assassinates Mary, Final straw for Philip II, Attempt to finish off Elizabeth, Releases the Spanish Armada 1588, The English defeat the Spanish Armada in the Battle of the English Channel, Historical turning point | |
| 495332683 | Economic Impact of Spain's Discoveries | 16th Century is Spain's "Golden Age", Population increase, Decline in economy due to lack of middle class, Inflation and Price Revolution, Beginning of a global economy | |
| 495332684 | The Colonial Administration | 4 viceroyalties (states) (called corregidores in Portugal), Intendants run the vice royalties, Audencia are judges that enforce the policies, the Quinto is a 1/5 tax on all precious metals | |
| 495332685 | Da Gama | Returned from India, Sailed for Portugal | |
| 495332686 | Michel de Montaigne | Skepticism, "The Essay" | |
| 495332687 | Literature | Elizabethan and Jacobean Literature, James I and the Bible, Shakespeare | |
| 495332688 | AP DBQ Groups | Religious/Prominent People: 1,2,3,5,7
Personal People: 4,9,10,12
Authoritative Responses: 6,8,11 | |
| 495336026 | immutable | unchangeable | |
| 495336027 | pretext | disguise, clean up | |
