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Amsco AP US History Chapter 8 Flashcards

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549090975era of good feelingsthe monroe years were marked by a spirit of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill; the federalists faded into oblivion and the republicans dominated politics in the north, south, and west
549090976sectionalismheated debates over tariffs, the national bank, internal improvements, public land sales, and slavery
549090977james monroecontinued a virginia dynasty of presidents, prominent in virginia's republican party supported the growing nationalsim of the american people
549090979tariff of 1816congress raised the tariff rates on certain goods for the express purpose of protecting u.s. manufactures from ruin; the first protective tariff in u.s. history
549090980henry clay; american systemrepresentative from kt proposed a comprehensive method for advancing the nation's economic growht. it consisted of 3 parts 1) protective tariffs. 2) national bank. 3) internal improvements
549090981second bank of the united stateschartered by congress in 1816; part of clay's system
549090982panic of 1819the second bank of the united states tightened credit in a belated effort to control inflation; state banks closed, the balue of money fell, and there were large increases in unemployment, bankruptcies, and improsenment for debt. the depression was the most severe in the west
549090983john marshallappointed to the supreme court in 1800 by federal president john adams; favored the central government and the rights of property against the advocates of states' rights
549090990missouri compromise 18201) missouri was to be admitted as a slaveholding state. 2) maine was to be admitted as a free state. 3) in the rest of the louisiana territory north of latitude 36, 30', slavery was prohibited
549090991tallmadge amendmentproposed by james tallmadge from new york; called for 1) prohibiting the further introduction fo slaves into missouri. 2) requiring the children of missouri slaves to be emancipated at the age of 25. would have led to the gradual elimination of slavery in missouri so it was defeated in the senate because it angered the south
549090993rush-bagot agreement 1817limited naval armament on the great lakes; eventually extended to place limits on border fortifications as well
549090994treaty of 1818provided for 1) shared fishing rights off the coast of newfoundland. 2) join occupation of the oregon territory for 10 years. 3) the setting of the northern limites of the louisiana territory at the 49th parallel; established the western u.s.-canada boundary line. improved relations between the u.s. and britain
549090995andrew jacksonwith orders from the president to stop the raiders in florida; led a force of militia into floriday, destroyed seminole villages, hanged 2 eminole ciefs, captured pensacola, drove out the spanish governor, and hanged 2 british traders accused of aiding the seminoles
549090996florida purchase treaty 1819spain turned over the rest of western florida along with all of the east and its own claims in the oregon territory to the u.s.. in exchange, the u.s. agreed to assume $5 million in claims against spain and give up any u.s. territorial claims to the spanish province of texas
549090997monroe doctrine 1823declared that the u.s. was opposed to attempts by a european power to interfere in the affairs of any republic in the western hemisphere
549091003corporationsowners risked only the amount of money that they invested in a venture
549091007industrializationperiod of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one
550483942specializationseparation of tasks within a system (crafts system)
550483943unionswidespread discontent among factory workers because of long hours, low pay, and poor working conditions
550483945market revolutionthe end of self-sufficient households and a growing interdependence among people
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Amsco AP US History Chapter 7 Flashcards

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547054990louisiana purchasenapoleon lost interest in the land because 1) he needed to concentrate french fighting england and 2) a rebellion led by toussain l'ouverture against french rule on the island of santo domingo had resulted in heavy french losses. jefferon bought the land
547054992touissant l'ouvertureled a rebellion against french rule on the island of santa domingo; resulted in heavy french losses
547054994lewis and clark expeditionjefferson persuaded congress to fund a scientific exploration of the trans-mississippii west; benefits=increased geographic and scientific knowledge of previously unexplored country, strenthened u.s. claims to the oregon territory, improved relations with native american tribes, and developed maps and land routes for fur trappers and future settlers
547054997marbury v madison 1803one of adams' "midnight appointments," william marbury, sued for his commission because president jefferson ordered secretary of state james madison not to deliver the commissions; marshall ruled that marbury had a right to his commission but the judiciary act of 1789 was itself unconstitutional so marbury could not be given his commission
547055000barbary piratesto protect u.s. merchant ships from being seized by this group, washingotn and adams had reluctantly agreed to pay tribute to their governments. but when jefferson took office, the leader, the pasha of tripoli, deamanded a higher sume in tribute. jefferson decided to send a small fleet of u.s. naval vesels to the mediterranean.
547055001neutralitysince its navy dominated the atlantic, britain was the chief offender of this; their practice of capturing u.s. sailors and impressing (forcing) them to serve in the british navy was the most infuriating
547055002impressmentthe practice of capturing u.s.sailors and forcing them to serve in the british navy
547055003chesapeake-leopard affair 1807the british warship leopard fired on the u.s. warship chesapeake; 3 americans were killed and 4 others were taken captive and impressed into the british navy. many americans demanded war but jefferson resorted to diplomacy and economic pressure as his response to the crisis
547055004embargo act 1807prohibited american merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port; but it backfired and the effect on the u.s. economy was devestating especially for the merchant marine and shipbuilders of new england. this was repealed in 1809
547055005james madisonhis presidency was dominated by the same european problems that had plagued jefferson's second term. he attempted a combination of diplomacy and economic presure to deal with the napoleonic wars. he finally consented to take the u.s. to war
547055006nonintercourse act of 1809provided that americans would now trade with all nations except britain and france
547055007macon's bill no. 2 1810provided that if either britain or france formally agreed to respect u.s. neutral rights at sea, then the united states would prohibit trade with that nation's foe
549090949tecumseh and prophetattempted to united all of the tribes east of the mississippi river in an effort to defend their lands from further encroachment
549090950william henry harrisongovernor of the indiana territory who took aggressive action the shawnee indians after being persuaded by the white settlers
549090951battle of teppecanoe 1811general harrison destroyed the shawnee headquarters and put an end to tecumseh's efforts to form an indian confederacy. the british provided only limited aid to tecumseh but americans on the frontier blamed the british for instigating the rebellion
549090952war hawksargued that war with britain would be the only way to defend american honor, gain canada, and destroy native american resistance on the frontier; led by henry clay of KT and john c. calhous of SC
549090953henry clay and john c. calhounfrom KT and SC; led the war-hawk congressmen
549090954war of 1812the presures leading to this came from 2 directions; the continued violation of u.s. neutral rights at sea and troubles with the british on the western frontier. british delays in meeting u.s. demands over neutral rights combined with political pressures from the war-hawk congress finally persuaded madison to seek a declaration of war against britain
549090956battle of lake erie 1813the most important naval battle of the war of 1812; led by captain oliver hazard perry; prepared the way for multiple other victories
549090957battle of the thames rivergeneral harrison's military victory resulted in the death of tecumseh (near detroit)
549090958thomas macdonoughdefeated a british fleet on lake champlain; the british were forced to retreat and abandon their plan to invade new york and new england
549090959battle of lake champlainbritish were defeated by macdonough's troops and forced to retreat and abandon their plan to invade new york and new england
549090961andrew jacksoncommanded the u.s. troops in the south
549090962battle of horseshoe bend 1814jackson ended the power of an important british ally, the creek nation; also opened new lands to white settlers (alabama)
549090963creek nationan important british ally
549090964battle of new orleans 1815jackson, leading a force of frontiersmen, free blacks, and creoles, halted the british effort to control the mississippi river
549090965treaty of ghent 18141) a halt to the fighting. 2) the return of all conquered territory to the prewar claimant. 3) recognition of the prewar boundary between canada and the united states
549090966hartford convention 1814delegates from the new england states rejected the radical calls for secession (bitterly opposed to the war and the republican government in washington). but to limit the growing power of the republicans in the south and west, they adopted a number of propsals. one of them called for a two-thirds vote of both houses for any future declaration of war
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Amsco AP US History Chapter 5 Flashcards

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537156885First Continental Congress 1774result of the harsh and punitive nature of the intolerable acts; determined how the colonies should react to what seemed to pose an alarming threat to their rights and liberties
537156886patrick henry, samuel adams, john adamsleading the radical faction-those demanding the greatest concessions from britian-in the first continental congress
537156887george washington, john dickinsonthe moderates of the first continental congress
537156888john jay, joseph gallowaythe conservatives-those who favored a mild statement of protest-of the first continental congress
537156889suffolk resolves (fcc)rejected the intolerable acts and called for their immediate repeal. this urged the colonies to resist the intolerable acts by making military preparations and applying economic sanctions (boycott) against great britain
537156890economic sanctionsboycotts against great britain
537156891the declaration of rights and grievances (fcc)a petition to the king urging him to redress colonial greviances and restore colonial rights; recognized parliament's authority to regulate commerce
537156892the association (fcc)urged the creation of committess in every town to enforce the economic sanctions of the suffolk resolves
537156893final measure (fcc)called for the meeting of a second congress in may 1775 if colonial rights were not recognized
537156894paul revere and william daweswarned the militia (or minutemen) of lexington of the british march
537156896lexingtonamerican minutemen and british troops (who were sent to seize colonial military supplies in the town of concord) fired against each other at this place
537156897concordbritish soldies, commanded by general thomas gage, destroyed some military supplies here
537156898battle of bunker hilljune 17, 1775-true battle was fought between opposing armies on the outskirts of boston; a british force attacked and managed to take over but americans claimed a victory of sort having succeeded in inflicting heavy losses on the attacking british army
537156899second continental congress 1775met soon after the fighting broke out in massachusetts; divided between one group of delegates (mainly from new england) who thought the colonies should declare their independence, and another group who hoped the conflict could be resolved by negotiating a new relationship with great britain
537156900declaration of the causes and necessities for taking up armsadopted by the second continental congress; called on the colonies to provide troops; george washington was sent to boston and benedict arnold was sent to quebec.
537156901olive branch petitionthe delegates of the congress pledged their loyalty to the king george iii and asked the king to intercede with parliament to secure peace and the protection of colonial rights
537156902prohibitory act 1775passed by parliament because king george dismissed the congress' plea and declared the colonies in rebellion
537156903thomas paine; common sensea pamphlet written by a recent english immigrant; argued for the colonies becoming independent states and breaking all political ties with the british monarchy
537156904declaration of independencelisted specific grievances against george iii's government and expressed the basic principles that justified revolution
537156905patriotsmade up of 40% of the population who joined actively in the struggle against britain
537156906loyalists (tories)those who maintained their allegiance to the king
537156907thomas jeffersondrafted the declaration of independence along with five other delegates; wrote in support of richard henry lee's resolution
544871221valley forgeafter losing philadelphia and new york, washington's troops suffered here through the severe winter of 177-1778
544871222continentalspaper money issued by congress; became almost worthless
544871223george rogers clarkled the patriots and captured a series of british forts in the illinois country to gain control of parts of the vast ohio territory
544871224battle of saratoga 1777general john burgoyne's british troops were attacked by troops commanded by American generals horatio gates and benedict arnold; it was the turning point for the american revolutionaries
544871225battle of yorktown 1781supported by french naval and military forces, washington's army forced the surrender of a large british army commanded by general charles cornwallis during the last major battle of the war
544871226treaty of paris 1783provided for the following: 1) britian would recognize the existence of the united states as an independent nation. 2) the mississipi river would be the western boundary of that nation. 3) americans would have fishing rights off the coast of canada. 4) americans would pay debts owed to british merchants and honor loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war
544871227articles of confederationafter congress modified john dickinson's plan to protect the powers of the individual states, this was adopted by congress in 1777 and submitted to the states for ratification
544871228unicameral legislature(one house); each state was given one vote, with at least 9/13 required to pass important laws. to amend the articles, a unanimous vote was required
544871229land ordinance of 1785congress established a policy for surveying and selling the western lands. the policy provided for setting aside one section of land in each township for public education
544871230northwest ordinance of 1787granted limited self-government to the developing territory and prohibited slavery in the large territory between the great lakes and the ohio river
544871231shays' rebellioncaptain daniel shays led other farmers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money; they stopped the collection of taxes and forced the closing of debtors' courts
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Amsco AP US History Chapter 4 Flashcards

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501746311french and indian warfourth and most decisive war in the seven years' war
501746312george washingtoncommanded a small militia sent from vrginia, surrendered to a superior force of frenchmen and their native american allies on july 3, 1754. the final war for the empire began
501746313edward braddock1755-general from virginia; disastrous defeat near ft. duquesne;
501746314albany plan of union 1754plan adopted by delegates from 7 colonies; intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from the various colonies for their common defense
501746315peace of paris 1763great britain acquired french canada and spanish florida. france ceded to spain its huge western territory, louisiana, and claims west of the mississippi river
501746316salutary neglectbritiain exercised little direct control over the colonies and had generally allowed its navigation laws regulating colonial trade to go unenforced
501746317george iiipursued a colonial policy aimed at solving britain's domestic financial problems`
501746320proclamation of 1763prohibited colonists from settling west of the appalachian mountains
501746321sugar act 1764placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries
501746322quartering act 1765required colonists to provide food and living quarters for british soldiers station in the colonies
501746323stamp act 1765required that revenue stamps be placed on most printed paper in the colonies, including all legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, and advertisements
501746324patrick henryvirginia lawyer who stood up in the house of burgesses to demand that the king's government recognize the rights of al citizens--including no taxation without representation
501746325stamp act congressrepresentatives from 9 colonies met in new york in 1765 ; resolved that only their own elected representatives had the legal authority to approve taxes
501746326sons and daughters of libertysecret society organized for the purpose of intimidating tax agents--tarred and feathered revenue officials and destroyed revenue stamps
501746327declaratory act 1766asserted that parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever"
501746328townshend acts 1767required that revenues raised be used to pay crown officials in the colonies, provided for the search of private homes for smuggled goods
501746329writs of assistancegeneral license to search anywhere
501746330john dickinson; letters from a farmer in pennsylvaniaagreed that parliament could regulate commerce but argued that because duties were a form of taxation, they couldn't be levied on the colonies without the consent of their representative assemblies
501746331samuel adams and james otiswrote the massachusetts circular letter; urged the various colonies to petition parliament to repeal the townshend acts`
501746332Massachusetts circular lettercircular letter; urged the various colonies to petition parliament to repeal the townshend acts`
501746333lord frederick northnew prime minister; urged parliament to repeal the townshend acts because their effect was to damage trade and to generate only a disappointing amount of revenue
501746334boston massacre 1770crowd of colonists harassed the guards near the customs house; guards fired and killed 5
535305733committes of correspondenceinitiated by samuel adams in 1772; spread the idea that british officials were deliberately conspiring against colonial liberties
535305734gaspee incident1772-a group of colonists disguised as native americans ordered the british crew ashore and then set fire to a ship off the shore of rhode island
535305735tea act 1773in hopes of helping the british east india company out of its financial problems, the price of their tea was cheaper than that of smuggled dutch tea
535305736boston tea party 1773in refusal of buying the cheaper tea, colonists boarded the british ships carrying tea and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor
535305737intolerable actsnews of the boston tea party angered the king, lord north, and members of parliament and resulted in a series of punitive acts
535305738coercive acts 17744 acts directed mainly at punishing the people of boston and massachusetts and bringing disidents under control
535305739port actclosed the port of boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for
535305740massachusetts government actreduced the power of the massachusets legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor
535305741administration of justice actallowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in england instread of in the colonies
535305742quartering actenable british troops to be quartered in private homes (applied to all colonies)
535305743quebec act 1774organized the canadian lands gained from france
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Amsco AP US History Chapter 2 Flashcards

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499482537corporate coloniescolonies operated by joint-stock companies, at least during these colonies' early years (jamestown)
499482538royal coloniescolonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government (virginia after 1624)
499482539proprietary coloniescolonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king (maryland and pennsylvania)
499482540chesapeake colonieslocated on either side of the chesapeake bay, chartered by king charles i in 1632, control given to george calvert (lord baltimore); included maryland and virginia
499482541george calvert (lord baltimore)granted control of maryland as a reward for his loyal service to the crown
499482542cecil calvert (lord baltimore)set about implenting his father's plan, adopted the act of toleration in 1649
499482543act of toleration 1649first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all christians but persecuting those who denied christianity
499482544virginiafirst of england's colonies, struggled with economic and political problems (bacon's rebellion)
499482545sir william berkeleyroyal governor of virginia, adopted policies that favored large planters and used dictatorial powers, antagonized backwoods farmers and failed to protect them from indian raids
499482546bacon's rebellioncaused by resentment of the economic and political control, farmers attacked indians, government accused the farmers of rebelling against loyal authority,
499482547indentured servantyoung people agreed to work for a specific period in return for room and board, under contract with a master or landowner who paid for thier passage
499482548headright systemmethod for attacting immigrants, virginia offered 50 acres of land to (1) each immigrant who paid for his own passage and (2) anhy plantation owner who paid for an immigrant's passage
499482549slavery1660s-virginia house of burgesses enacted laws that discriminated between blacks and whites,
499482550roger williamsfounded the settlement of providence, respected puritan minister
499482551providencecolony that recognized rights of the native americans and paid them for the use of their land, provided for complete religious toleration
499482552anne hutchinsonquestion the doctrines of the puritan authorities, believed in antinomianism, founded portsmouth
499482553antinomianismthe idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation
499482554rhode island1644-charter from the english parliament joined providence and portsmouth together, offered religious toleration
499482555thomas hookerled a large group of boston puritans into the valley and founded the colony of hartford in 1636
499482556fundamental orders of connecticut 1639first written constitution in american history-established a representative government consisted of a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chose by that legislature
499482557john davenportfounded new haven in the connecticut valley in 1637
499482558connecticutattracted other settlers who were unhappy with the massachusetts authorities, the royal charter granted a limited degree of self-government
499482559new hampshiresepartaed from the bay colony in hopes of increasing royal control over the colonies by king charles ii (1679)
499482560halfway covenantpeople could take part in church services and activities without making a formal declaration of their total belief in christ
499482561new england confederationfaced with the threat of attack by the indians, dutch, french; plymouth, massachusetts bay, connecticut, and new haven formed a military alliance
499482562wampanoagsattacked the english settlers and resulted in a vicious war
499482563metacom; king phillipchief of the wampanoags
499482564king phillip's warindians attacked english settlers, thousands were killed, ending the native american resistance in new england
499482565restoration coloniescolonies founded in the late 17th century during the period in english history known as the restoration
499482566the carolinasland granted to 9 nobles by charles ii as a reward for helping him gain the throne
499482567rice plantationin south carolina, worked by african slaves, resembled the economy and culture of the west indies
499482568tobacco farmsnorthern carolinas, small and self-sufficient
499482569new york1664-duke of york took control of the dutch and renamed the colony, had broad civil and political rights including a representative assembly
499482570new jerseylord john berkeley and sir george carteret given this land by james, sold to the quakers
499482571pennsylvaniawilliam penn, a quaker, was paid in the from of a grant for this land
499482572quakersmembers of the religious society of friends, believed in the equality of all men and women, nonviolence and resistance to military service, widely persecuted
499482573william pennfounded pennsylvania in 1681
499482574holy experimentpenn wanted to test ideas he had developed based on his quaker beliefs
499482575frame of government 1682-1683guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners, and a written constitution
499482576charter of liberties 1701guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration (penn's holy experiment)
499482577delaware1702-penn granted the lower three counties of pennsylvania their own assembly, which created this colony
499482578georgialast of the brisith colonies and only one to receive direct financial support from the home government in london
499482579james olgethorpefounded georgia, acted as the colony's first governor
499482580mercantilismlooked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength
499482581navigation actsa mercantilist policy (1) trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by englihs ro colonial-built ships (2) all goods imported could only pass through england ports (3) specified goods could only be exported to england
499482582dominion of new england1686-james ii combined new york, new jersey, and other colonies into a single unit in order to increase royal control
499482583sir edmond androsgovernor of the dominion of new england, levyied taxes, limited town meetings, revoked land titles
499482584glorious revolutionbecuase of james ii's attempts to assert his royal power, william and mary replaced him in 1688
499482585triangular traderum sailed to west africa; slaves sent to the west indies; sugar sent to new england
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Amsco AP US History Chapter 1 Flashcards

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612423000native americans; land bridgethe first people to settle north america arrived as much as 40,000 years ago and came from asia; they adapted to the varied environments of the regions that they found
612423001renaissancea rebirth of classical learning and an outburst of artistic and scientific activity in europe
612423002compass; printing press; gunpowderone aspect of the renaissance was a gradual increase in scientific knowledge and technological change; europeans made improvements in the inventions of others (chinese and arab merchants)
612423003spain; moorsin the middle ages, spain had been partly conquered by muslim invaders and only one moorish stronghold remained; isabella and ferdinand succeeded in defeating the moors of granada
612423004ferdinand and isabellatheir uniting of spain was a sign of new leadership, hope, and power for european believers in the roman catholic faith
612423005protestant reformationin the early 1500s, certain christians in germany, england, france, holland, and other northern european countries revolted against the authority of the pope in rome
612423006nation-statea country in which the majority of people share both a common culture and common political loyalties toward a central government
612423007christopher columbusspent 8 years seeking financial support for his plan to sail west from europe to the "indies"; his success in discovering lands on the other side of the ocean brought him a burst of glory in spain but 3 voyages across the atlantic was disappointing;
612423008amerigo vespuccian italian sailor; the new world was named afer him
612423009papal line of demarcation (1493)the pope drew a vertical, north-south line on a world map, giving spain all lands to the wet of the line and portugal all lands to the east
612423010treaty of tordesillas (1494)moved the line papal line a few degrees to the west; signed by spain and portugal
612423011vasco nunez de balboamade the journey across the isthmus of panama to the pacific ocean
612423012ferdinand megallancompleted a circumnavigation of the world
612423013hernan cortesdefeated the aztecs in mexico
612423014francisco pizzarodefeated the incas in peru
612423015conquistadoressent ships loaded with gold and silver back to spain from the new world; increased the gold supply by over 500 percent making spain the richest and most powerful nation in europe
612423016encomienda systemgave grants of land and indians (native americans) to individual spaniards
612423017asiento systemwhen europeans' brutality and diseases reduced the native american population, the spanish brought slaves from west africa
612423018john cabotan italian sea captain who was under contract to england's king henry vii; explored the coast of newfoundland in 1497
612423019giovanni da verrazanosponsored by the french monarchy; hoped to find a northwest passage leading through the americas to asia; explored part of north america's eastern coast including new york harbor
612423020jacques cartierexplored the st. lawrence river
612423021samuel de champlainestablished the first permanent french settlement at quebec, a fortified village on the st. lawrence river
612423022father jacques marquetteexplored the upper mississippi river
612423023robert de la salleexplored the mississippi basin, which he named louisiana (after the french king, louis xiv)
612423024henry hudsonhired by the dutch government to seek a northwest passage; sailed up a broad river and established dutch claims to the surrounding area that would become new amsterdam (and later new york)
612423025joint-stock companygiven the privilege of taking control of the region for economic gain (dutch west india company)
612423026virginia company; jamestownchartered by england's king james i and established the first permanent english colony in america in 1607
612423027captain john smithwith his forceful leadership and the establishment of a tobacco industry by john rolfe, the jamestown colony survived
612423028john rolfe; pocohontasdeveloped a new variety of tobacco, which became very popular in europe and brought financial prosperity to the colony
612423029royal colonya colony under the control of a king of queen
612423030puritansreligious reformers who wanted to "purify" the church of catholic influences; james viewed them as a threat to both his religious and political authority and ordered some of them arrested and jailed
612423031plymouth colonyseveral hundred separatists left england in search of religious freedom; after economic hardship and cultural differences in holland a small group of pilgrims set sail for virginia but landed off the massachusetts coast
612423032separatistsone group of puritans who rejected the idea of simply reforming the church of england
612423033mayflower; mayflower compactaboard the ship in 1620, the pilgrims drew up and signed a document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority; represented both an early from of colonial self-government and an early (though rudimentary) from of written constitution, establishing the powers and duties of the government
612423034massachusetts bay colonyjohn wintrhop led about a thousand puritans (who were persecuted by the new king of england, charles i) and sailed for the new world; founded boston and several other towns
612423035john winthropled about a thousand puritans and founded the massachusetts bay colony
612423036great migrationa civil war in england in the 1630s drove some 15,000 more settlers to the massachusetts bay colony
612423037virginia house of burgessesthe first representative assembly in america; organized by virginia's colonists
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APUSH Chapter 27 Flashcards

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786671320end of isolationismcaused by rising exports, manufacturing capability, power and wealth, over seas markets to sell goods. yellow journalism and Darwinism influenced this.
786671321Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan(1890) The influence of Sea Power Upon History. he argued that every successful world power once held a great navy. helped start a naval race among the great powers including the US
786671322Pan American ConferenceConference called by James Blaine that created an organization of cooperation between the US and Latin American countries. "Big Sister" policy
786671323Annexation of HawaiiU.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free, Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her in 1893, William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898
786671324Cuban Revolt(1895) Cuban revolt against Spain. America sides with Cubans because of Monroe Doctrine and the cruel practices of General Valeriano Weyler who came to Cuba to put down the revolt. we egged on by yellow journalism. American war ship the Maine exploded on the Cuba coast and the Spanish were blamed America declares war with the Teller Amendment.
786671325Teller AmendmentApril 1896 - U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain, but this amendment disclaimed any American intention to annex Cuba
786671326Theodore Rooseveltassistant secretary of the Navy modernized the US navy. commode Commodore George Dewey and the American Asiatic Squadron at Hong Kong to take over the Philippines if America went to war with Spain. which he did very successfully.
786671327Rough RidersVolunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War
786671328Spanish American WarWar fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
786671329Anti Imperialist Leagueobjected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. Idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900
786671330Platt Amendementa series of provision that, in 1901 the U.S. insisted Cuba to add to its new constitution, commanding Cuba to stay ut of debt and giving the U.S. the right to intervene in the countryand the right to buy or lease Cuban land for naval and fueling stations.
786671331Foraker Act1900 gave Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government. 1917 - Puerto Ricans get full american citizenship. US improved PR sanitation, trasportation, beauty, and education.
786671332Insular CasesDetermined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.
786671333Guantanamo Baythe US naval base in Cuba
786671334Spanish American WarIn 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
786671335William Howard Taft27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.
786671336Open Door Policy(1899) Secretary of State John Hay. urged the europeans nations to keep fair competition open to all nations willing and wanting to participate.
786671337Boxer Rebellion(1900) Chinese patriotic group started a rebellion in Beijing against the foreign people
786671338Election of 1900The Republicans nominated William McKinley on a platform that advocated imperialism while the Democrats chose Willima J. Bryan on a platform of free silver. During the election, the Republicans professed tha free silver would end U.S. prosperity. McKinley won the election with an overwhelming victory in the urban areas.
786671339Theodore Rooseveltpresident after McKinley's death. first modern president , 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
786671340Panama Canalbuilt by Phillippe Bunan Varilla (french). Treaty withe the Colombian government 10 million and a $250,000 anual payment. Last second COlombian government said they would not do it. when a revolution started in Panama in 1903 the Colombians government organized the Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty with the US that gave them the land for the Panama canal.
786671341Roosevelt CorollaryLatin American countries were defaulting on their debts to Europeans countries. Roosevelt issued this document that seconded the Monroe Doctrine that said in future cases of debt problems the US would take over and handle any intervention in Latin Ameican on behalf of Europe. this made the US a bully in Latin America and not well liked.
786671342Russo-Japanese incidentT Roosevelt negotiated peace between Russia and Japan, leaving both sides unsatisfied
786671343Root Takahira Agreement1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China.
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APUSH EXAM- General Important info/questions Flashcards

Hey yall! So all the questions/notecards are compiled from many practice tests, study packets, war packets, court case studies and tons more. Hopefully it helps!! If there is an inconsistency or inaccuracy please just let me know and I will fix it as soon as possible. The practice tests are all from college board or practice AP books and the packets were teacher/testing proctor made. Good luck on the test!!

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791186675What was a cause of World War 2?The attack on Pearl Harbor. December 7, 1941
791186676What was an effect of WW1?Led to WW2
791186677What was a cause of the Vietnam War?Gulf of Tonkin Incident
791186678What was an effect of WW2?Led to the Cold War
791186679What was a cause of the Invasion of Iraq?The threat of weapons of mass destruction
791186680What was the cause of the Invasion of Afghanistan?attacks on the World Trade centers. September 11, 2001
791186681What was the effect of the Invasion of Iraq?The overthrow and death of Sadam Hussain.
791186682What was an effect of the French and Indian War?-France gives up its territory -Britain had to pat for it which led to the taxing of the colonies -taxing led to the American Revolution
791186683What was the cause of the French and Indian War?disputed land claims in the Ohio River valley between the French and the British
791186684What were the causes the of the Civil War?-Legality/morality/Politics over slavery -Kansas Nebraska Act sparked violence in Kansas. "Bleeding Kansas" -Dred Scott decision voided limitations of slavery's expansion -Raid on Harpers Ferry by John Brown -Attack on Fort Sumter by the Confederates.
791186685What was a cause of the Spanish American war?"We blame spain for the sinking of the maine" Spain sinks the USS Maine.
791186686What were the effects of the Civil War?-Slavery was outlawed in the US -Southern states rebuilt their economy -African Americans gained citizenship and voting rights -first Civil Rights laws passed
791186687What was an effect of the Vietnam War?War Powers Act
791186688What is the War Powers Act?Basically, the War Powers Act limits the authority/power of the President. This became essential after Johnson's involvement in the Vietnam war.
791186689The principle motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to...?Protect the rights not specified in the Constitution
791186690What was the "American System" designed to do?It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency.
791186691In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to....Preserve the Union
791186692The clothing industry in the late nineteenth century could be summarized as important why?The sewing machine made mass manufacturing of clothing possible and clothing more affordable.
791186693Woodrow Wilson hardened Senate opposition to the Treaty of Versailles by his refusal to compromise on the issue of...The unconditional adherence of the United States to the charter of the League of Nations.
791186694What was the Harlem Renaissance?An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity
791186695What did Japanese Americans experience during the Second World War?They were forced from their homes and businesses on the West Coast into detention (internment) camps - Executive Order 9066
791186696Students staged a sit-in in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960 to protestSegregation of public facilities
791186697The Proclamation of 1763 did what?Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle.
791186698What contributed the most to the American victory in the Revolution?French military and financial assistance
791186699When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801 "We are al republicans-we are al federalists" he meant what?the principles of American government were above party politics
791186700Who stressed the importance of individual inspiration , self-reliance, dissent, and nonconformity? (Hint: writer)Ralph Waldo Emerson
791186701What were the nativist feelings going against in regards to immigrants?-they practiced different religions -had different languages and cultures -were not familiar with the US political system -were willing to work for lower wages than native-born workers
791186702During the first World War, the Committee on Public Information issued propaganda to persuade American people that...(multiple answers)-The US was fighting for freedom and democracy -The US was fighting a barbarous nation -Buying bonds was important for the war effort -A German invasion of the United States was a possibility
791186703The objective of the Bonus Expeditionary Force that Marched on Washington D.C in 1932 was to obtain...payment of money to veterans of the First World War
791186704The Supreme Court case Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established byPlessy vs Ferguson
791186705What is most imported when considering the average woman in the colonial era?She generally lost control of her property when she married
791186706President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issued in response to...French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance
791186707The Hartford Convention was a manifestation of...New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812
791186708This is just a general statement but it is contradicted in multiple reviews ....Just know that Most families in the South owned slaves
791186709What was responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the nineteenth century?Cities built sewers and supplied purified water *** If there were to be a DBQ or FRQ talking about the turn of the century this, along with Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" and the Pure Food and Drug Act could all be used as support***
791186710Which labor organization endorsed the philosophy of "bread and butter" unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours and improved working conditions?The American Federation of Labor
791186711What is most associated with the Tennessee Valley Authority?It built dams that made rural electrification possible
791186712In negotiations to the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy promised to...refrain from a military invasion of Cuba
791186713The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to...raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America
791186714The Declaration called attention to many elements (natural rights etc) but did not address what?the abolition of the slave trade
791186715Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to...acquire a port for western crops
791186716Andrew Jackson supported what? (multiple answers)-Indian removal -the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the US -Annexation of new territory -use of presidential veto power
791186717When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to...Strengthen the moral cause of the union (Personal note: this always confuses me bc youd think it was to abolish slavery righ? The reason for this answer is that: that was what they were fighting for and the Emancipation promised this goal---->therefore it (the optimism they had in reaching that goal) aka their moal, improved
791186718Helen Hunt Jackson's "A Century of Dishonor" was significant b/c it aroused public awareness of what?the wrongs the federal government had inflicted upon the American Indians
791186719The Open Door Policy of the early twentieth century called forOpen access to china for american investment and commercial interests
791186720The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T resulted in what by the end of the 1920's?Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families
791186721Who was geared more towards achieving integration rather than Black Separatism? (civil rights movement)W.E.B Du Bois and the Niagara Movement
791186722Family life: the 1970s and 80s saw a decrease in what element of the family?2 parent households
791186723What belief was central to 18th century Deism?God created the universe governed by natural law
791186724By the time of the American Revolution, most patrios had come to believe that, in republican government , sovereignty was located in....the people
791186725In the early 1830s the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusets were...young unmarried women from rural New England
791186726The high inflation rates of the late 1960s and early 1970's were primarily the result ofSpending on social welfare programs and the Vietnam war
791186727The North American colonies took advantage of Great Britains policy of salutary neglect to..work out trade arrangements to acquire needed products from other countries
791186728As originally ratified, the United States Constitution provided for ...an electoral college
791186729What country supplied the largest number of immigrants to the US during the first half of the nineteenth century?Ireland
791186730Which of the following statements about American cities between 1890 and 1930 is correct? -Area of residence increasingly became an indicator of social class -Poor people moved to the outskirts of cities -Industries shifted from the cities to the suburbsAnswer: Areas of residence increasingly became an indicator of social class
791186731What did writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Sinclair Lewis incorporate in their writing?Criticism of the middle-class conformity and materialism
791186732What did Harry S Truman plan or propose to do during his Presidency?He wanted to, through the Fair Deal, continue and expand the aims of the New Deal
791186733What was a key element with the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time the Eurpeans first began colonization?Their political and linguistic differences hindered thier united opposition to the Europeans
791186734In the antebellum period, free African Americans were able to do what?Accumulate some property in spite of discrimination
791186735What part of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850s?The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law
791186736The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887was to...assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture
791186737The first and second World War differ in what major aspect? (on the homefront)The employment of the draft began before the US entered the conflict
791186738Settlers who established the British coloniy in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to...profit economically
791186739The Monroe Doctrine did what?Asserted American independence in the realm of foreign policy
791186740Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon's policies did what?Reduced income-tax rates for the wealthy to release money for private investment
791186741In his farewell address, Dwight D. Eisenhower warned Americans about the dangers of what?Military industrial complex Definition: an informal alliance of the military and related government departments with defense industries that is held to influence government policy
791186742What did the Great Awakening result in?Divisions within both the Congregational and Presbyterian churches
791186743In 1840 the American AntiSlavery Society split into factions because...William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of womens rights and pacifism alienated some members
791186744D.W.Griffith's epic film "the Birth of a Nation" became controversial because of its...depiction of the KKK as heroic
791186745The only states with complete womens suffrage before 1900 were where?west of the Mississippi
791186746Richard Nixon's 1968 political comeback to win the presidency can be partly attributed todissention within the Democratic party over Vietnam
791186747The greatest achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederationwas its establishment of....a system for oderly settlement in the West
791186748The support for former Alabama governor George Wallace in the 1968 presidential campaign best illustrates what?exploitation of race as a national political issue
791186749Roosevelt administration did what during the 1930s?established the Organization of Amercan States
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APUSH WW2 and Cold War Flashcards

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760097862Executive Order 90662/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion
760097863National War Labor Boarda board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war
760097864Smith-Connally Anti-Strike ActProposed after threats of lost production through strikes during WWII. Authorized the federal government to seize and operate tied-up businesses. Passed over FDR's veto.
760097865Congress of Racial Equalitya civil rights organization. They were famous for freedom rides which drew attention to Southern barbarity, leading to the passing of civil rights legislation.
760097866Navajo code talkersNavajo soldiers in the Pacific used their own language as a code for sending vital messages. Hard to understand.
760097867Battle of MidwayU.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.
761710389Battle of StalingradUnsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union.
761710390Potsdam ConferenceThe final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdam, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.
761710391Manhattan Projectcode name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
761710392Chester NimitzUnited States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)
761710393Robert OppenheimerUnited States physicist who directed the project at Los Alamos that developed the first atomic bomb (1904-1967)
761710394A. Philip RandolphAmerica's leading black labor leader who called for a march on Washington D.C. to protest factories' refusals to hire African Americans, which eventually led to President Roosevelt issuing an order to end all discrimination in the defense industries.
761710395Yalta ConferenceFebruary, 1945 - Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta to make final war plans, arrange the post-war fate of Germany, and discuss the proposal for creation of the United Nations as a successor to the League of Nations. They announced the decision to divide Germany into three post-war zones of occupation, although a fourth zone was later created for France. Russia also agreed to enter the war against Japan, in exchange for the Kuril Islands and half of the Sakhalin Peninsula.
761710396GI BillProvided for college or vocational training for returning WWII veterans as well as one year of unemployment compensation. Also provided for loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses.
761710397Taft-Hartley ActAct that provides balance of power between union and management by designating certain union activities as unfair labor practices; also known as Labor-Management Relations Act (LMRA)
761710398Marshall PlanIntroduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism.
761710399Containment doctrinea foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the United States to isolate the Soviet Union, "contain" its advances, and resist its encroachments by peaceful means if possible, but by force if unnecessary.
761710400NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
761710401Berlin Airliftairlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin
761710402HUACThe House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda
761710403George Kennanan American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers.
761710404Benjamin SpockPediatrician in the 1940s whose book "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" influenced the upbringing of children around the world.
761710405Fidel CastroCuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)
761710406Betty Friedan1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique".
761710407Federal Highway Act of 1956This act, an accomplishment of the Eisenhower administration, authorized $25 billion for a ten- year project that built over 40,000 miles of interstate highways. This was the largest public works project in American history.
761710408Dien Bien PhuA town of northwest Vietnam near the Laos border. The French military base here fell to Vietminh troops on May 7, 1954, after a 56-day siege, leading to the end of France's involvement in Indochina.
761710409Joseph McCarthyRepublican senator; held lists of communists serving secretly in government agencies; this information showed that the U.S. had already fallen prey to subversive influences
761710410John Foster DullesEisenhower's secretary of state, 1953-1959; moralistic in his belief that Communism was evil and must be confronted with "brinkmanship" (the readiness and willingness to go to war) and "massive retaliation" (the threat of using nuclear weapons).
761710411Nikita KhrushchevStalin's successor, wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with Khrushchev, France and Great Britain in Geneva, Switzerland in July, 1955 to discuss how peaceful coexistence could be achieved.
761710412New FrontierThe campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
761710413Peace Corpsvolunteers who help third world nations and prevent the spread of communism by getting rid of poverty, Africa, Asia, and Latin America
761710414Berlin WallIn 1961, the Soviet Union built a high barrier to seal off their sector of Berlin in order to stop the flow of refugees out of the Soviet zone of Germany. The wall was torn down in 1989.
761710415Bay of PigsIn April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure.
761710416Cuban Missile CrisisAn international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later.
761710417Freedom RidersGroup of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation
761710418March on Washingtonheld in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech. 250,000 people attended the rally
761710419Civil Rights Act of 1964This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.
761710420Voting Rights Act of 1965federal law that increased government supervision of local election practices, suspended the use of literacy tests to prevent people (usually African Americans) from voting, and expanded government efforts to register voters.
761710421Great Societythe name given to the programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson, which elevated the federal government to the most prominent role it would play in the twentieth century. the philosophy of this program was that government should try to solve large social problems like hunger and poverty.
761710422Freedom SummerIn 1964, when blacks and whites together challenged segregation and led a massive drive to register blacks to vote.
761710423Mississippi Freedom Democratic PartyGroup that sent its own delegates to the Democratic National Convention in 1964 to protest discrimination against black voters in Mississippi
761710424Gamal Abdel NasserArab leader, set out to modernize Egypt and end western domination, nationalized the Suez canal, led two wars against the Zionist state, remained a symbol of independence and pride, returned to socialism, nationalized banks and businesses, limited economic policies.
761710425Montgomery Bus BoycottIn 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.
761710426Brown vs. Board of Education1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
761710427Hungarian Uprising of 1956-Hungarians revolted against Soviet domination in 1956 -Soviet troops violently repressed the revolt -they were inspired by Yugoslavia's growing independence
761710428Prague SpringIn 1968, Czechoslovakia, under Alexander Dubcek, began a program of reform. Dubcek promised civil liberties, democratic political reforms, and a more independent political system. The Soviet Union invaded the country and put down the short-lived period of freedom.
761710429OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; international cartel that inflates price of oil by limiting supply; Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and UAE are prominent members
761710430Nixonzealous red-catcher, successfully broke the Alger Hiss spy case
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