| 12114773923 | Paleothic Age | Old Stone Age | | 0 |
| 12114773924 | Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution) | a fundamental change in the way people lived. The shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture led to permanent settlements, the establishment of social classes, and the eventual rise of civilizations. | | 1 |
| 12114773925 | Hammurabi's Code of Laws | First written set of laws in history | | 2 |
| 12114773926 | Dynasty | a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time | | 3 |
| 12114773927 | Confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. | | 4 |
| 12114773928 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | | 5 |
| 12114773929 | Buddhism | the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth | | 6 |
| 12114773930 | Athenian Democracy | A type of government used in Athens which is sort of a combine of majority rule and democracy. | | 7 |
| 12114773931 | Roman Senate | A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. | | 8 |
| 12114773932 | Monotheism | Belief in one God | | 9 |
| 12114773933 | Barbarians | uncivilized people | | 10 |
| 12114773934 | Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. | | 11 |
| 12114773935 | Ka'ba | the stone cubical structure in the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Mecca, believed to have been built by Abraham and regarded by Muslims as the sacred center of the earth | | 12 |
| 12114773936 | Five Pillars of Islam | Declaration of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage | | 13 |
| 12114773937 | Caliph | Successor to Muhammad | | 14 |
| 12114773938 | Crusades | a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims | | 15 |
| 12114773939 | Civil Service Exam | In Imperial China starting in the Han dynasty, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the nationwide administrative bureaucracy. | | 16 |
| 12114773940 | Byzantine Empire | (330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine. | | 17 |
| 12114773941 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul | | 18 |
| 12114773942 | Orthodox Christianity | A branch of Christianity developed in the Byzantine Empire, after its split from the Roman Empire. It spread throughout the eastern Mediterranean and Russia. | | 19 |
| 12114773943 | Iconoclastic Controversy | debate between opponents and defenders of icons in the Byzantine Church; one of the issues that led to the split of the Christian church in 1054 | | 20 |
| 12114773944 | Cyrillic | an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages | | 21 |
| 12114773945 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | | 22 |
| 12114773946 | Middle Ages | Also known as the medieval period, the time between the collapse of the Roman Empire in the fifth century AD and the beginning of the Renaissance in the fourteenth century. | | 23 |
| 12114773947 | Serfs | People who gave their land to a lord and offered their servitude in return for protection from the lord. | | 24 |
| 12114773948 | Vikings | one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western Europe from the eighth through the tenth century. | | 25 |
| 12114773949 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | | 26 |
| 12114773950 | Scholasticism | A medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason | | 27 |
| 12114773951 | Gothic Architecture | Characterized by pointed arches, high ceilings, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows | | 28 |
| 12114773952 | Cuzco | The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru | | 29 |
| 12114773953 | Japanese feudal system | emperor, shogun, daimos, samurai, farmers, peasants, merchants on bottom because they don't produce anything | | 30 |
| 12114773954 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. | | 31 |
| 12114773955 | European Renaissance | The era was marked by a revival of the art, architecture, thought, and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. | | 32 |
| 12114773956 | Columbian Exchange | An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa. | | 33 |
| 12114773957 | Italian Humanism | many of the ideas that spread across Europe as a result of the printing revolution originated from this; the revival of classical literature, with its concern for purity in language and eloquence in style; one of the most admired achievements of the Renaissance; strong in northern and western Europe; their intellectual interests were in secular subjects, especially in mastering classical languages and in translating classical texts; established techniques for the recovery of accurate texts and had developed principles for compiling the scholarly editions that were distributed because of the printing presses | | 34 |
| 12114773958 | Johannes Gutenberg | Invented the printing press | | 35 |
| 12114773959 | movable type | individual letters and marks that can be arranged and rearranged quickly | | 36 |
| 12114773960 | Moscow | Capital of Russia | | 37 |
| 12114773961 | Encomiendas | Land grants that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans | | 38 |
| 12114773962 | Where did early civilizations develop? | along rivers to have good farm land | | 39 |
| 12114773963 | What civilization was located on the upper Nile River Valley? Egypt | Kush/Nubia | | 40 |
| 12114773964 | features of civilization | cities, organized religion, art, writing system | | 41 |
| 12114773965 | Strengths of early Chinese society | -developed an impressive society with little outside help
-elaborate intellectual life
-irrigation systems
-emperor was widely respected and feared
-invented tea, locking gates, gun powder, etc. | | 42 |
| 12114773966 | What did the Aryans bring to India? | -the distinctive social system (caste system)
-grew out of interaction of many culturally different Aryan peoples on the South Asian peninsula together with the development of economic and social differences among these peoples as the inequalities of "civilization" spread | | 43 |
| 12114773967 | Castes of Ancient India | -Brahmins= priests
-Kshatriya= warriors
-Vaisya= merchants
-Sudras= peasant farmers
-"Untouchables" (added later)= people who did dirty jobs | | 44 |
| 12114773968 | What groups in India were most likely to convert to Islam? | Buddhists and low caste Hindus | | 45 |
| 12130083067 | How did the Roman Empire approach religious diversity | Tolerated religious diversity | | 46 |
| 12130083068 | What happens to Islam after death of Muhammad | -Arab armies set out to conquer parts of the weakened Persian and Byzantine Empires
-Muslims rulers were much more tolerant of other religions than the Christian rulers of the time
-Islam divides into Sunnis (caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders), Sh'ia (descendants of Muhammad should be successors), and Sufi (heavy belief in mysticism and evangelical efforts) | | 47 |
| 12130083069 | Why did conversion in the Islamic world slow? | -The Umayyad Empire adopts Islam "submission" as a religion
-Conversions slow because it meant that wealth had to be distributed to more people | | 48 |
| 12130083070 | How did Islam impact africa | -Replaced Christianity as a popular African religion during the post-classical period | | 49 |
| 12130083071 | What were the languages of the Roman and Byzantine empires | Roman Empire: Latin
Byzantine Empire: Greek | | 50 |
| 12130083072 | What were some characteristics of classical American societies | -Semi-sedentary: small scale agricultural that supports small populations with no large cities
-Known for "mound building"
-Ecological disruption probably accounted for decline of early Andean civilizations | | 51 |
| 12130083073 | Human sacrifice in the Americas | -In the Aztec Empire, human sacrifice played a large role in religious life
-In the Inca Empire, human sacrifice took place on great public occasions or at times of special difficulty, but nothing remotely on the scale of the Aztec practice | | 52 |
| 12130083074 | Aztec view of history | some people were chosen to serve the gods | | 53 |
| 12130083090 | Confucianism vs Buddhism in post-classical China? | -Buddhism spreads rapidly after the fall of the Han dynasty
-Confucian and Daoist followers were upset with the alien religion
-At the end of the Tang and with the start of the Song Dynasties, the dominant religion became Confucianism until 20th century | | 54 |
| 12130083075 | What religion played a key role in the transmission of Chinese civilization to Japan? | Buddhism | | 55 |
| 12130083076 | Mongolian society/ military | -Nomadic, pastoral people
-Mongol forces were entirely Calvary riders
-Used weapons such as bows, hatchets, maces, and bronze cannons | | 56 |
| 12130083077 | Mongolian policy towards other religions? | toleration | | 57 |
| 12130083078 | What percentage of the European population died from the plague | 1/3 of the population | | 58 |
| 12130083079 | What region of the world became the dominant culture in the period after 1450? | Western Europe | | 59 |
| 12130083080 | What european country starts the age of exploration | Portugal | | 60 |
| 12130083081 | Trade Routes of the world up to the Age of Exploration | -Silk Road
-Indian Ocean Trade
-Trans-Saharan Trade
-American Network (Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations had little contact)
-Southeast Asia and Srivijaya
-East Africa and Swahili civilization | | 61 |
| 12130083082 | How does the religion of Islam spread | -Conquest of weakened Byzantium and Persian Empires
-Merchant activity (especially in West Africa and the Sahara)
-Arab warriors never try to convert non-Muslims to Islam | | 62 |
| 12130083083 | How did Mongol rule impact russia | The Russians adopted Mongol rituals and practices and began to have behavior like the Mongols | | 63 |
| 12130083084 | Why is Ethiopia such a unique kingdom in Africa? | Adopted Christianity | | 64 |
| 12130083085 | Where was the first Spanish colony established in the new world | Hispaniola | | 65 |
| 12130083086 | What factors did the Europeans have on their side when they took over the new world | -In the best position geographically to explore the Americas
-Immunities to diseases
-Better weaponry | | 66 |
| 12130083087 | Difference between Spanish and Portuguese empires | Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively American, the Portuguese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and Africa as well as Brazil. | | 67 |
| 12130083088 | How did gold impact the European economies negatively? | Caused prices to rise and inflation to occur | | 68 |
| 12130083089 | What culture in the Americas produced a written language? | Maya | | 69 |
| 12166172237 | What was different about the 15th century global trade network compared to previous trade networks ? | -Traded across Atlantic Ocean
-Included the Americas
-In previous eras, most attention was given to the development of larger regional economies and cultural zones, rather than a truly global network
-global | | 70 |
| 12166731636 | Yellow River Civilization (Huang He) | The first civilization established in Ancient China | | 71 |
| 12166731637 | Indus River Valley Civilization | an ancient civilization thriving along the Indus River in what is now Pakistan and western India. This civilization is also sometimes referred to as the Harappan or Harappa-Mohenjodaro Civilization of the Indus Valley, in reference to the excavated cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro | | 72 |
| 12166731638 | Euphrates River | A river in southwestern Asia that flows through the southern part of the Fertile Crescent. | | 73 |
| 12166731639 | Tigris River | River that flows across a low, flat plain in Iraq and joins the Euphrates River | | 74 |
