Remow AP World History Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14708650738 | Afghanistan, Kabul | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 0 |
| 14708650739 | Algeria, Algiers | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 1 |
| 14708650740 | Angola, Luanda | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 2 |
| 14708650741 | Argentina, Buenos Aires | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 3 |
| 14708650742 | Armenia, Yeravan | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 4 |
| 14708650743 | Australia, Canberra | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 5 |
| 14708650744 | Austria, Vienna | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 6 |
| 14708650745 | Bangladesh, Dhaka | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 7 |
| 14708650746 | Belgium, Brussels | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 8 |
| 14708650747 | Benin, Porto-Novo | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 9 |
| 14708650748 | Jesus | Established Christianity | 10 | |
| 14708650749 | Muhammad | Established Islam and the Islamic empire | 11 | |
| 14708650750 | Newton | Influenced modern mathematics, science, and physics | 12 | |
| 14708650751 | Buddha | Established Buddhism | 13 | |
| 14708650752 | Confucius | Established philosophy of Confucianism | 14 | |
| 14708650753 | St Paul | Wrote much of New Testament, spread Christianity, developed Christian theology | 15 | |
| 14708650754 | Tsai Lun | invented paper | 16 | |
| 14708650755 | Gutenberg | Invented the printing press | 17 | |
| 14708650756 | Columbus | Discovered America, Began Colonial Exchange | 18 | |
| 14708650757 | Einstein | developed the theory of relativity (general and specific) | 19 | |
| 14708650758 | Pastuer | Developed germ theory of disease, preventative inoculation, and pasteurization | 20 | |
| 14708650759 | Galileo | Developed the scientific method, contributed in astronomy and physics | 21 | |
| 14708650760 | Aristotle | Influenced ancient and medieval science and philosophy | 22 | |
| 14708650761 | Euclid | Developed fundamentals of geometry | 23 | |
| 14708650762 | Moses | Developed and preserved the fundamental principles of Judaism | 24 | |
| 14708650763 | Darwin | Developed the theory of evolution | 25 | |
| 14708650764 | Haung Ti | Unified China | 26 | |
| 14708650765 | Augustus | Began Pax Romana, first Roman emperor | 27 | |
| 14708650766 | Copernicus | Developed heliocentric theory, changed perception of universe | 28 | |
| 14708650767 | Lavosier | Established the modern science of chemistry | 29 | |
| 14708650768 | Bolivia, Sucre | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 30 |
| 14708650769 | Bosnia, Sarajevo | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 31 |
| 14708650770 | Botswana, Gaborone | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 32 |
| 14708650771 | Brazil, Brasilia | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 33 |
| 14708650772 | Bulgaria, Sofia | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 34 |
| 14708650773 | Burma, Naypyidaw | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 35 |
| 14708650774 | Cambodia, Phnom Penh | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 36 |
| 14708650775 | Canada, Ottawa | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 37 |
| 14708650776 | Chad, N'Djamena | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 38 |
| 14708650777 | Chile, Santiago | What country is this and what's its capital? |  | 39 |
Flashcards
AP Literature - Vocab. 10 - Morton Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 12324885008 | prescient | having foresight | 0 | |
| 12324885009 | transience | something that passes quickly | 1 | |
| 12324885010 | stalwart | strong; sturdy | 2 | |
| 12324885011 | sublime | exalted | 3 | |
| 12324885012 | sordid | dirty; squalid | 4 | |
| 12324885013 | penury | poverty | 5 | |
| 12324885014 | zenith | the highest point | 6 | |
| 12324885015 | derisive | scornful | 7 | |
| 12324885016 | irrevocable | that cannot be undone | 8 | |
| 12324885017 | epoch | the start of a new period in history | 9 | |
| 12324885018 | prosaic | commonplace; dull | 10 | |
| 12324885019 | stoic | emotionless | 11 | |
| 12324885020 | erudite | scholarly | 12 | |
| 12324885021 | imperious | overbearing; arrogant | 13 | |
| 12324885022 | gregarious | talkative | 14 |
Ap World History Geography Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14681949123 | Nile River |  | 0 | |
| 14681949124 | Indus River |  | 1 | |
| 14681949125 | Huang He (Yellow) |  | 2 | |
| 14681949126 | Tigris River |  | 3 | |
| 14681949127 | Euphrates River |  | 4 | |
| 14681949129 | Atlantic Ocean |  | 5 | |
| 14681949130 | Pacific Ocean |  | 6 | |
| 14681949131 | Indian Ocean |  | 7 | |
| 14681949132 | Mediterranean Sea |  | 8 | |
| 14681949141 | Andes |  | 9 | |
| 14681949144 | Sahara Desert |  | 10 | |
| 14681949147 | Korean Peninsula |  | 11 | |
| 14681949149 | Middle East |  | 12 | |
| 14681949150 | South Asia |  | 13 | |
| 14681949151 | Southeast Asia |  | 14 | |
| 14681949152 | Indonesia |  | 15 | |
| 14681949163 | Tiber River |  | 16 | |
| 14681949168 | Swahili Coast |  | 17 | |
| 14681949171 | Malaysian Peninsula |  | 18 | |
| 14681949174 | Deccan plateau |  | 19 | |
| 14681949181 | Suez Canal |  | 20 | |
| 14681974694 | Grand Canal | 21 |
AP World History - Period 3 Flashcards
The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
Terms : Hide Images
| 14020565997 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 0 | |
| 14020565998 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 1 | |
| 14020565999 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 2 | |
| 14020566000 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty | 3 | |
| 14020566001 | Muhammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 4 | |
| 14020566002 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 5 | |
| 14020566003 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 6 | |
| 14020566004 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 7 | |
| 14020566005 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 8 | |
| 14020566006 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 9 | |
| 14020566007 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 10 | |
| 14020566008 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 11 | |
| 14020566009 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 12 | |
| 14020566010 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 13 | |
| 14020566011 | Mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam | 14 | |
| 14020566012 | Dhimmis | "the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus | 15 | |
| 14020566013 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 16 | |
| 14020566014 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam | 17 | |
| 14020566015 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasids | 18 | |
| 14020566016 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants | 19 | |
| 14020566017 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 20 | |
| 14020566018 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 21 | |
| 14020566019 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking | 22 | |
| 14020566020 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 23 | |
| 14020566021 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 24 | |
| 14020566022 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 25 | |
| 14020566023 | Mamluks | Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves | 26 | |
| 14020566024 | Arabic numerals | Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West | 27 | |
| 14020566025 | Shrivijaya | trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam | 28 | |
| 14020566026 | Malacca | flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya | 29 | |
| 14020566027 | Mali | state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers | 30 | |
| 14020566028 | Mansa | title of the ruler of Mali | 31 | |
| 14020566029 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 32 | |
| 14020566030 | Sundiata | created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260 | 33 | |
| 14020566031 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 34 | |
| 14020566032 | East African trading ports | urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar | 35 | |
| 14020566033 | Great Zimbabwe | with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa | 36 | |
| 14020566034 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople | 37 | |
| 14020566035 | Icons | images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians | 38 | |
| 14020566036 | Iconoclasm | the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration | 39 | |
| 14020566037 | Manzikert | Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory | 40 | |
| 14020566038 | Cyril and Methodius | Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic | 41 | |
| 14020566039 | Kiev | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c | 42 | |
| 14020566040 | Rurik | legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus' in 855 | 43 | |
| 14020566041 | Vladmir I | ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity | 44 | |
| 14020566042 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 45 | |
| 14020566043 | Tatars | Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact | 46 | |
| 14020566044 | Middle Ages | the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c | 47 | |
| 14020566045 | Gothic | an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls | 48 | |
| 14020566046 | Vikings | seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily | 49 | |
| 14020566047 | Manorialism | rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection | 50 | |
| 14020566048 | Serfs | peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system | 51 | |
| 14020566049 | Three-field system | practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure | 52 | |
| 14020566050 | Clovis | King of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 496 | 53 | |
| 14020566051 | Carolingians | royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c | 54 | |
| 14020566052 | Charles Martel | first Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732 | 55 | |
| 14020566053 | Charlemagne | Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800 | 56 | |
| 14020566054 | Holy Roman Emperors | political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy | 57 | |
| 14020566055 | Feudalism | personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service | 58 | |
| 14020566056 | Vassals | members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty | 59 | |
| 14020566057 | William the Conqueror | invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England | 60 | |
| 14020566058 | Magna Carta | Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law | 61 | |
| 14020566059 | Parliaments | bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects | 62 | |
| 14020566060 | Hundred Years War | conflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism. | 63 | |
| 14020566061 | Pope Urban II | organized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control | 64 | |
| 14020566062 | Investiture | the practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV | 65 | |
| 14020566063 | Gregory VII | 11th c pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops | 66 | |
| 14020566064 | Thomas Aquinas | creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God | 67 | |
| 14020566065 | Scholasticism | dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems | 68 | |
| 14020566066 | Hanseatic League | an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance | 69 | |
| 14020566067 | Guilds | associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities | 70 | |
| 14020566068 | Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia | 71 | |
| 14020566069 | Period of the Six Dynasties | era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han | 72 | |
| 14020566070 | Jinshi | title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office | 73 | |
| 14020566071 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia | 74 | |
| 14020566072 | Wuzong | Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism | 75 | |
| 14020566073 | Southern Song | smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279. | 76 | |
| 14020566074 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin | 77 | |
| 14020566075 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 78 | |
| 14020566076 | Flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency | 79 | |
| 14020566077 | Footbinding | male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite. | 80 | |
| 14020566078 | Taika reforms | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army | 81 | |
| 14020566079 | Fujiwara | mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 82 | |
| 14020566080 | Bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 83 | |
| 14020566081 | Samurai | mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 84 | |
| 14020566082 | Seppuku | ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor | 85 | |
| 14020566083 | Gempei wars | Waged for 5 years from 1180-1185, on the island of Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in the destruction of Taira and also resulted in the feudal age | 86 | |
| 14020566084 | Bakufu | military government established by the Minamoto following Gempei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 87 | |
| 14020566085 | Shoguns | military leaders of the bakufu | 88 | |
| 14020566086 | Daimyos | warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states | 89 | |
| 14020566087 | Sinification | extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions | 90 | |
| 14020566088 | Yi | dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence | 91 | |
| 14020566089 | Trung Sisters | leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society | 92 | |
| 14020566090 | Khmers and Chams | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi | 93 | |
| 14020566091 | Nguyen | southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi | 94 | |
| 14020566092 | Chinggis Khan | born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227 | 95 | |
| 14020566093 | Shamanistic religion | Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits | 96 | |
| 14020566094 | Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 | 97 | |
| 14020566095 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c | 98 | |
| 14020566096 | Ilkhan khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire | 99 | |
| 14020566097 | Hulegu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad | 100 | |
| 14020566098 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 | 101 | |
| 14020566099 | Kubilai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 | 102 | |
| 14020566100 | White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty | 103 | |
| 14020566101 | Ottoman Empire | Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire | 104 | |
| 14020566102 | Ming Dynasty | replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China | 105 | |
| 14020566103 | Ethnocentrism | judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history | 106 | |
| 14020566104 | Muhammad's primary historical achievement | spread of Islam | 107 | |
| 14020566118 | Silk Road Trade system |  | 108 | |
| 14020566119 | Kingdom of Mali |  | 109 | |
| 14020566105 | Inca and Rome both had | extensive road systems | 110 | |
| 14020566106 | Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450 | land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place | 111 | |
| 14020566107 | Champa Rice | tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase | 112 | |
| 14020566108 | Diasporic communities | merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas | 113 | |
| 14020566109 | Trans Saharan trade | Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.. |  | 114 |
| 14020566110 | Effect of Muslim conquests | collapse of other empires, mass conversion | 115 | |
| 14020566111 | Tang Dynasty | followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence | 116 | |
| 14020566112 | Black Death | plague that originated with Mongols, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe. |  | 117 |
| 14020566120 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade |  | 118 | |
| 14020566113 | Cities that rose during this time due to increased trade | Novgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu | 119 | |
| 14020566114 | Timbuktu | trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people | 120 | |
| 14020566115 | New forms of monetization | Checks, Bills of Exchange | 121 | |
| 14020566121 | Bantu Migrations |  | 122 | |
| 14020566116 | footbinding | began during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming |  | 123 |
| 14020566117 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan | 124 |
Flashcards
02: Introduction to Chemistry Flashcards
Modified by Tina Jones from OpenStax Concepts of Biology available for free at https://openstax.org/details/books/concepts-biology.
Concepts of Biology by OpenStax is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License v4.0
Terms : Hide Images
| 9945004361 | surface tension | the cohesive force at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating | 0 | |
| 9945004332 | base | a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH | 1 | |
| 14724452241 | specific heat capacity | the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius; water's is particularly high | 2 | |
| 9945004328 | acid | a substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH | 3 | |
| 9945004330 | anion | a negative ion formed by gaining electrons | 4 | |
| 9945004331 | atomic number | the number of protons in an atom | 5 | |
| 9945004329 | adhesion | the attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different substance | 6 | |
| 9945004333 | buffer | a solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions | 7 | |
| 9945004334 | cation | a positive ion formed by losing electrons | 8 | |
| 9945004335 | chemical bond | an interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in the formation of molecules | 9 | |
| 9945004336 | cohesion | the intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; creates surface tension | 10 | |
| 9945004337 | covalent bond | a type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between elements | 11 | |
| 9945004339 | electron | a negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus; lacks functional mass and has a charge of -1 | 12 | |
| 9945004340 | element | one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain the characteristic of that substance; each has a specified number of protons and unique properties | 13 | |
| 9945004341 | evaporation | the release of water molecules from liquid water to form water vapor | 14 | |
| 9945004342 | hydrogen bond | a weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged elements or molecules | 15 | |
| 9945004343 | hydrophilic | describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving | 16 | |
| 9945004345 | ionic bond | a chemical bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another thus associating the two atoms of opposite electrical charge | 17 | |
| 9945004344 | hydrophobic | describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing | 18 | |
| 9945004346 | ion | an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a net charge | 19 | |
| 9945004347 | isotope | one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons | 20 | |
| 9945004349 | mass number | the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom | 21 | |
| 9945004350 | matter | anything that has mass and occupies space | 22 | |
| 9945004351 | neutron | a particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 | 23 | |
| 9945004354 | octet rule | states that the outermost shell of an element with a low atomic number can hold eight electrons | 24 | |
| 9945004353 | nucleus | the dense center of an atom made up of protons and (except in the case of a hydrogen atom) neutrons | 25 | |
| 9945004355 | pH scale | a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions of a substance | 26 | |
| 9945004356 | periodic table | an organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and mass number of each element; also provides key information about the properties of elements | 27 | |
| 9945004357 | polar covalent bond | a type of covalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward one atom and away from another, resulting in slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule | 28 | |
| 9945004359 | radioisotope | an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element | 29 | |
| 9945004358 | proton | a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1 | 30 | |
| 9945004360 | solvent | a substance capable of dissolving another substance | 31 | |
| 14724009574 | atomic mass | the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element | 32 | |
| 14724043031 | chemical reactivity | the ability of atoms to combine and to chemically bond with one another | 33 | |
| 14724062940 | molecule | two or more atoms chemically bonded together | 34 | |
| 14724073324 | orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons | 35 | |
| 14724094842 | chemical reaction | the process by which one or more substances (reactants) change to produce one or more different substances (products) | 36 | |
| 14724106464 | reactant | a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction; found to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation | 37 | |
| 14724129183 | product | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction; found to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation | 38 | |
| 14724140789 | compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds | 39 | |
| 14724150709 | equilibrium | a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced. | 40 | |
| 14724178734 | electrolyte | substance which dissociates into its respective ions in an aqueous solution; very important in nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions, and water balance in the body. | 41 | |
| 14724212758 | valence shell | outermost electron shell of an atom | 42 | |
| 14724218853 | noble gases | the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table; highly stable/nonreactive (inert) due to their full valence shell of electrons; examples: helium, neon, argon. | 43 | |
| 14724248142 | electronegativity | a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons | 44 | |
| 14724254065 | partial negative charge |  | 45 | |
| 14724330282 | nonpolar covalent bond | a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity. | 46 | |
| 14724310446 | partial positive charge |  | 47 | |
| 14724396555 | Van der Waals interactions | individually weak bonds that occur only when atoms of molecules are very close together; important in biological systems | 48 | |
| 14724460624 | heat of vaporization | the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state; water's is particularly high | 49 | |
| 14724455038 | calorie | amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C | 50 | |
| 14724477417 | dissociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves | 51 | |
| 14724490834 | capillary action | tendency of an aqueous solution to rise up into a thin, glass tube when the tube is placed beneath the solution's surface; due to adhesion of water to glass | 52 |
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