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AP US History - US Presidents Flashcards

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13934640856George Washington1789-1797 Federalist (Period 3) Whiskey Rebellion; Judiciary Act; Farewell Address0
13934640857John Adams1797-1801 Federalist (Period 3) XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts1
13934640858Thomas Jefferson1801-1809 Democratic-Republican (Period 4) Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; Embargo of 18072
13934640859James Madison1809-1817 Democratic-Republican (Period 4) War of 1812; First Protective Tariff3
13934640860James Monroe1817-1825 Democratic-Republican (Period 4) Missouri Compromise of 1820; Monroe Doctrine4
13934640861John Quincy Adams1825-1829 Democratic-Republican (Period 4) "Corrupt Bargain"; "Tariff of Abominations"5
13934640862Andrew Jackson1829-1837 Democrat (Period 4) Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Indian Removal Act6
13934640863Martin Van Buren1837-1841 Democrat (Period 4) Trail of Tears; Specie Circular; Panic of 18377
13934640864William Henry Harrison1841 Whig (Period 4) "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; First Whig President8
13934640865John Tyler1841-1845 Whig (Period 4) "His Accidency"; Webster-Ashburton Treaty9
13934640866James Polk1845-1849 Democrat (Period 4) Texas annexation; Mexican War10
13934640867Zachary Taylor1849-1850 Whig (Period 5) Mexican War hero and staunch Unionist11
13934640868Millard Fillmore1850-1853 Whig (Period 5) Compromise of 185012
13934640869Franklin Pierce1853-1857 Democrat (Period 5) Kansas-Nebraska Act; Gadsden Purchase13
13934640870James Buchanan1857-1861 Democrat (Period 5) Dred Scott decision; Harpers Ferry raid14
13934640871Abraham Lincoln1861-1865 Republican (Period 5) Secession and Civil War; Emancipation Proclamation15
13934640872Andrew Johnson1865-1869 Democrat (Period 5) 13th and 14th amendments; Radical Reconstruction; Impeachment16
13934640873Ulysses Grant1869-1877 Republican (Period 5) 15th amendment; Panic of 187317
13934640874Rutherford Hayes1877-1881 Republican (period 6) Compromise of 1877; labor unions and strikes18
13934640875James Garfield1881, Republican (Period 6) Brief resurgence of presidential authority; Increase in American naval power; Purge corruption in the Post Office19
13934640876Chester Arthur1881-1885 Republican (Period 6) Standard Oil trust created Edison lights up New York City20
13934640877Grover Cleveland1885-1889 (1st term), 1893-1897 (2nd term) Democrat (Period 6) Interstate Commerce Act; Dawes Act; Panic of 1893; Pullman Strike21
13934640878Benjamin Harrison1889-1893 Republican (Period 6) Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Closure of the frontier22
13934640879William McKinley1897-1901 Republican (Period 7) Spanish-American War; Open Door policy23
13934640880Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909 Republican (Period 7) Progressivism; Square Deal; Big Stick Diplomacy24
13934640881William Howard Taft1909-1913 Republican (Period 7) Dollar diplomacy NAACP founded25
13934640882Woodrow Wilson1913-1921 Democrat (Period 7) WWI; League of Nations; 18th and 19th amendments; Segregation of federal offices; First Red Scare26
13934640883Warren Harding1921-1923 Republican (Period 7) "Return to normalcy", return to isolationism; Tea Pot Dome scandal; Prohibition27
13934640884Calvin Coolidge1923-1929 Republican (Period 7) Small-government (laissez-faire) conservative28
13934640885Herbert Hoover1929-1933 Republican (Period 7) "American individualism"; Stock Market Crash; Dust Bowl; Hawley-Smoot Tariff29
13934640886Franklin Delano Roosevelt1933-1945 Democrat (Period 7) New Deal; WWII; Japanese Internment; "Fireside Chats"30
13934640887Harry Truman1945-1953 Democrat (Period 8) A-bomb; Marshall Plan; Korean War; United Nations31
13934640888Dwight Eisenhower1953-1961 Republican (Period 8) Brown v. Board of Education; Second Red Scare; Highway Act and suburbanization ("white flight"); Farewell Address warning of the military industrial complex32
13934640889John Kennedy1961-1963 Democrat (Period 8) Camelot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space program; Peace Corps33
13934640890Lyndon Johnson1963-1969 Democrat (Period 8) Civil and Voting Rights acts; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Great Society34
13934640891Richard Nixon1969-1974 Republican (Period 8) Environmental Protection Act; China visit; Moon Landing; Watergate35
13934640892Gerald Ford1974-1977 Republican Pardoning of Nixon; OPEC crisis36
13934640893Jimmy Carter1977-1981 Democrat stagflation / energy crisis; Iran hostage crisis; Camp David Accords37
13934640894Ronald Reagan1981-1989 Republican (Period 9) Conservative revolution; Iran-Contra scandal38
13934640895George H. W. Bush1989-1993 Republican (Period 9) Persian Gulf War39
13934640896Bill Clinton1993-2001 Democrat (Period 9) NAFTA; Lewinsky scandal and impreachment40
13934640897George W. Bush2001-2008 Republican War on terrorism; Patriot Act; Tax cuts; "No Child Left Behind"41
13934640898Barack Obama2008-2017 Democrat Affordable Care Act42
13934640899Donald Trump2017-? Republican "Make America Great Again"43
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AP Comp Gov UK Flashcards

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11022040800Structural DemocracyWhether or not a country is set up in a democratic manner, or appears to be democratic on the surface0
11022040801functional democracyWhether or not a country runs as a democracy in reality, despite how the government is set up1
11022061439CleavagesFactors that separate groups. Deep and long-lasting political divisions2
11022068577social classThe biggest cleavage historically in British society3
11022070825Collectivist ConsensusThe period in British political history from 1945 to 1970 where both Labor and Conservatives agreed on a social market economy, with some nationalization and welfare (NHS). Ended after rise of identity politics (IRA, racism) and economic decline. Traits of the era are regime legitimacy, tolerance, trust and reasonable patriotism.4
11022079043social market economyThe economic policy of the collectivist consensus. Both Labour and the Conservatives nationalized industries and supported social welfare (NHS, schools..)5
11022188576ThatcherPrime minister who challenged the CC from 1979 to 1990 by weakening unions and privatizing companies.6
11022191850BlairPrime Minister who challenged the CC from 1996 to 2007 with public-private partnerships, the Good Friday Agreement and devolution.7
11022233513PrecariatA new term to describe the growing number of workers employed in part-time, insecure jobs with low wages and no control over their hours of work or working conditions. They have moved to the right politically.8
11022254329Good Friday AgreementTony Blair's agreement that ended the violent identity politics (Catholic vs Protestant) conflict in Northern Ireland signed in 1998.9
11022309022Scottish Independence ReferendumReferendum under Cameron where the people of Scotland voted to remain inside the UK. (2014) SNP called for a second one after Scotland voted Remain in Brexit.10
11022313485Brexit ReferendumReferendum under Cameron where the people of the UK voted to leave the EU (2016). => Cameron resigned and new elections were called11
11022419638Conservative partyBritish party as the "party of governance" which's origins comes from pragmatic leaders hundred of years ago. They are economic conservatives that allow slow social reform. Thatcher reformed the social market. Cameron was an economic liberal who used austerity after 2008 and called for the Brexit referendum, which May is now negotiating.12
11022438788AusterityThe policy of cutting spending used by Cameron and the Lib-em Conservative coalition to counter the 2008 recession.13
11022441456LabourBritish party which's origins are social democracy (as opposed to communism) and trade unions. Blair's Third Way weekend trade union influence (clause 4) and Corbyn promotes Old --- policies.14
11022452677Liberal DemocratsBritish Party whose origins are the Liberal Party of the 1800s and the Labor moderates of the 1980s. They support individual rights, the EU and the environment. For the Conservative coalition in 2010 that wiped them out in 2015, they called for a failed referendum on SMC.15
11022464890SNPBritish party which is 3rd biggest in the commons since 2015. Stands for Scottish independence and called for Scottish Independence referendum, and again after Brexit.16
11022469648Plaid CymruBritish party which advocates Welsh nationalism and the welsh language.17
11022475111UKIPBritish part which is seen as an English nationalist party, populist and against the EU.18
11022484362campaignThe British political ---- is formally 6 weeks and there is no transition period. They happen every 5 years, there is no political advertising and the system is SMC/FPTP (no direct vote for PM).19
11022520925corporatismDuring the Collectivist Consensus, Businesses, Politicians and civil servants worked together in a process called -----20
11022524957Trade Union CongressAn interest group made up of trade unions. While powerful during CC, It was attacked by Thatcher and distanced from by Blair. Less people are in unions now.21
11022524959Confederation of British IndustryThe leading British business interest group of companies, dominated by large firms. Part of Blair's private public partnerships.22
11022557169private-public partnershipsBlair's idea that public services will be more efficient if run in partnership with the private sector. Ex: helped poor seniors, NHS, increase tuition fees, London's congestion toll23
11022564455QueenDignitary figure in British politics with no real power, but who technically has many responsibilities in British politics. "Names PM" "Opens Parliament" "Royal Assent" to laws.....24
11022568667PMLeader of the British Executive and Legislative branch, chosen my MPs who are elected. Selects life peers for House of Lords.25
11022572243MPRepresentatives of British constituencies who are elected and select a PM.26
11022573825House of CommonsThe main law body of the British Legislative Branch, elected.27
11022575966House of LordsThe secondary law body of the British legislative branch which no real power except to offer technical suggestions and delay bills, Appointed (hereditary and life) / Anglican ministers.28
11022588444BackbencherOrdinary MP with no executive responsibility29
11022588445CabinetAdvisory body up of ministers who each head a bureaucracy chosen by PM. They support all government policies due to collective responsibility and are influenced by civil servants.30
11022603093Collective responsibilityin a parliamentary system, the concept that all cabinet members agree on policy decisions and that all will be responsible for the results31
11022616460Fixed Term Parliament ActAn Act that stated that elections would be fixed at every 5 years (2011).32
11022620182Three Line WhipIn a parliamentary system, statements to MPs that they must vote according to the party's wishes.33
11022623506MandarinsThe old civil service who were professional white males34
11022626000Senior Civil ServiceThe newer civil service which has more diversity and a technical background (merit).35
11022630966QUANGOquasi-autonomous non-governmental organization which receive funding for grants, health & safety...36
11022635143courtsUnlike in the US, the UK ---- do not have the power of judicial review or separation of power. They just rule on the merits of the laws.37
11022639715Supreme Court of the UKThe highest British court (no power of judicial review) which hears appeals, devolution issues and EU law.38
11022645609DevolutionA process heightened under Blair where the unitary government cedes power to regional parliaments.39
11022667619Third WayBlair's policy of mixing socialism and capitalism after the CC, he maintained Thatcher's privatization. Increased the independence of the Bank of England and put spending down.40
11022676879Special RelationshipA perceived special connection between the UK and the US.41
11022678629MediaBritish --- is much more national that the USA.42
11022680317PrintBritish ---- includes quality papers: Guardian, The Times and Tabloids: Mirror, Sun43
11022684666Rupert MurdochMedia moral who has power in British government.44
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AP World History - Islam Flashcards

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14917593961Koran (Qur'an)the holy book of Islam0
14917593962caliphleader of islam, successor to Muhammad1
14917593963five pillars of islam1) allah is the only god 2) pray 5 times a day facing mecca 3) fast during the month of Ramadan 4) give to poor 5) complete haji (journey to mecca)2
14917593964meccareligious center of islam, where muhammad was born, trading center3
14917593965medinacity where muhammad was forced to relocate because those in mecca didn't approve of his practices and preachings4
14917593966sunnisbrach of islam supporting abu bakr and choosing leaders5
14917593967shiabrach of islam who supported ali and muhammad's family as successors6
14917593968umayyads treatment of convertsconverts: taxed them and treated them as inferior / second class7
14917593969jizyatax that non muslims had to pay8
14917593970ridda warswars following muhammad's death that restored the unity of islam9
14917593971mawaliconverts to islam10
14917593972ulamaorthodox religious scholars who interpreted the Karan11
14917593973fall of umayyadwarriors resented authority from far away, we're not given their fair share of wealth and they saw the Damascus elite as corrupt this causes an uprising as these old warriors are replaced, rebels captured persia, iraq then syria12
14917593974damascuscity in syria where the umayyads shifted their political center to13
14917593975abbasid empiretook over after umayyad fall14
14917593976abbasid treatment of women & convertswomen lost rights and authority, weren't allowed outside converts considered full members of community, no discrimination between them15
14917593977haremplace where women were secluded and kept by the abbasid empire16
14917593978baghdadcity in iraq where abbasid empire built their new capital17
14917593979buyidspersian invaders in 10th century, captured baghdad and told Abbasids what to do (controlled them against their will)18
14917593980sufi mysticsconverted islams, responsible for its expansion19
14917593981crusadeschristians invades muslim lands, muslims recaptured them, cultural diffusion occurs20
14917593982saladina muslim ruler who reconquered most kingdoms after being taken over by crusafes21
14917593983abbasid empire fallmongols invaded22
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AP World History Dates Flashcards

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14538270277Feudalism in Japan12th Century0
14538270965Kingdom of Mali12001
14538276106Reign of Genghis Khan1206-12272
14538277831Founding of the Yuan Dynasty12713
14538278519Founding of the Ottoman Empire12814
14538280035Italian Renaissance1304-13745
14538284919Spread of Bubonic Plague1320-13406
14538285341Rise of Aztec Empire13257
14538290709Rise of Inca Empire13508
14538293771Beginning of the Ming Dynasty13689
14538294298Swahili States Flourish140010
14538294912Zheng He Voyages1405-143311
14538297197Start of Atlantic Slave Trade144112
14538298490Ottomans capture Constantinople145313
14538299199Columbus Explores149214
14538305387Vasco de Gama Reaches India149815
14538310222Commercial Revolution in Europe16th Century16
14538311318Start of Protestant Reformation151717
14538312051Cortez conquers the Aztecs152418
14538312512Founding of the Mughal Empire152619
14538313052Pizarro conquers the Inca153320
14538320530Beginning of Russian Empire155221
14538324924Founding of Manila; world trade system157122
14538326555Scientific Revolution1600-169023
14538329574Founding of Tokugawa Shogunate160324
14538332158First British colony in North America160725
14538332721Beginning of Japanese isolation1640s26
14538333091Reign of Louis XIV in France1643-171527
14538333928Founding of the Qing Dynasty164428
14538334260Dutch Boers colonize South Africa165229
14538335346Peter the Great; Westernization of Russia1689-172530
14538336167The Enlightenment18th century31
14538337872Seven Years War1756-176332
14538339419British East India Co. controls India176433
14538346422Beginning of Industrial Revolution177034
14538347179American Revolution1775-178335
14538357348French Revolution and Napoleon1789-181536
14538362152Mary Wollstonecraft; feminism179237
14538363383Haitian Revolution1792-180438
14538364316Muhammad Ali rules Egypt1805-184939
14538364665Latin American wars of independence1808-182540
14538365545Monroe Doctrine182341
14538365859British abolish slavery183342
14538366508Opium Wars1839-184143
14538367199Tanzimat reforms in Ottoman Empire1839-187644
14538372440Communist Manifesto; Marxism184845
14538377022British Raj in India185846
14538377757Emancipation of serfs in Russia186147
14538378983Meiji Restoration; Japanese industrialize1868-191448
14538384038Unification of Germany187149
14538392440Height of European imperialism1871-191450
14538392950Demographic transition in the West1880s51
14538393365Russian industrialization1884-191452
14538394813Berlin Conference1884-188553
14538395255Founding of Indian National Congress188554
14538396002Abolition of slavery in Brazil & Cuba188855
14538396260European spheres of influence in China1890s56
14538397081Mexican Revolution1910-192057
14538397478Chinese Revolution191258
14538398035WWI/ Treaty of Versailles1914-191959
14538398931Russian Revolution191760
14538399437Start of Great Depression192961
14538402130Gandhi's resistance in India1931-194762
14538402436Hitler comes to power in Germany193363
14538402789Japan invades China193664
14538405077World War II1939-194565
14538405700Creation of the United Nations194566
14538406155India and Pakistan gain independence194767
14538406954Cold War1947-199168
14538407797Creation of Israel194869
14538408016Chinese Communist Revolution194970
14538410652Bandung conference; nonalignment195571
14538411316Creation of EEC195772
14538411681Cuban Revolution195973
14538413061"The Year of Africa" when many African nations gain independence196074
14538413784Iranian Revolution197975
14538414152End of apartheid in South Africa199076
14538414450Fall of the Soviet Union199177
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