| 11624667132 | Article II | -Executive Branch
-"faithfully execute the laws" | | 0 |
| 11624677410 | Requirements for Presidency | -35+ y/o
-resident for 14 years
-natural born citizen
same requirements for vp | | 1 |
| 11624753021 | Formal Powers | 1) Commander in Chief
- civilian leader of the military
-president is held accountable for backlash rather than generals bc could not be held accountable
-DOES NOT DECLARE WAR
-war powers act of 1973
2) Pardons and Reprieves
- check on the judicial branch
-if judiciary unfairly punishes, pres can fix abuse
-pardon= official forgiveness of crime committed
-reprieve= cutting short a sentence
- ford pardoned nixon
-some controversial bc done at end of sentence
3) Veto Power
- check on the legislative branch
-demonstrates power of office
-only 4% overidden
4) Treaty Making
- allows pres to be major player within policy making
-shared power b/t senate who ratifies
-also gives pres power to get out of treaties
-give recognition to new countries
5) State of the Union
- public persuasion
-allows pres to announce policy goals and direction of country
-not neccess. done in person
6) Appointments
- check on judicial branch
-imp. in creating and executing policy
-allows pres to change makeup of court system
-simple majority needed (SENATE)
-ambass,cabinent(15 sec.), directors of fed agencies, fed judges, U.S. Marshalls and attorneys
7) Calling Sessions of Congress
-pres may call special sessions of congress for important matters
- check on legislative branch
-rarely used | | 2 |
| 11624873080 | Line Item Veto | veto only certain lies of bill; not current power;
NY V CLINTON | | 3 |
| 11624925454 | Informal Powers (Inherent) | 1) Executive Order
-order issued by pres to other people of EXEC BRANCH that carries force of law
-use them to see the law is "faithfully executed" and are in "best interest" of US citizens
-does not pass through congress
-not permanent---next pres does not have to follow
-judicial branch=declare unconstituitonal
-ordinance power: power of president to issue an exec order
EX: obama=DOCA,,,trump does not follow; japanese internment camps
2) Executive Agreement
-intl agreements made by pres that has the force of treaty
-does not require senate approval
-usually trade agreements b/t US & other nations
-can be taken revoked by next pres
3) Executive Privilege
-keep info secret from the other branches (FOR NATIONAL SECURITY REASONS)
-derived from
1. Separation of Powers
2. Need for candid advise advisors
-U.S. v Nixon
4) Bully Pulpit
-ability of the pres to draw media attention to any topics he/she chooses
-trying to turn into public support | | 4 |
| 11625180512 | NY v Clinton | Issue: Can Congress give president a line item veto?
Outcome: No, congress can't, b/c veto power is in constit. so to change you have to amend the constit. not a law. | | 5 |
| 11625241551 | US v. Nixon | -Issue: Can Nixon claim exec priv to keep tapes from Congress?
-Outcome: Congress said no, this is a matter of a criminal case, not national security. ----Nixon deleted 18 mins he was talking about watergate. Ford pardoned him in the end. | | 6 |
| 11625295937 | War Powers Act of 1973 | - upon sending troops into military action, must notify congress within 48 hours he has done so
-forbids military personnel from remianing in a state of conflict for more than 60 days. after that pres must seek additional authorization from congress, or a formal declaration of war.
-issue: is it unconsitit? b/c its a law that limits constit. power?
-outcome: no b/c connected to congress' power to declare war | | 7 |
| 11625353012 | Recess Appointments | -SENATE goes on break, so pres appts someone while they are on break, HOWEVER, appt is temporary, at most appt lasts 2 years, till next congressional election.
-reasons for more recess appts is
1. if pres serves 2 terms-- # will be higher
2. if the pres. has a divided govt | | 8 |
| 11625442557 | Amendments | 12th:
-electoral college shall have separate votes for pres and vice pres--runner up is no longer VP; sep ticket for pres v vp
20TH:
-inaug. day is now jan 20TH
-if pres elect dies b4 taking office, vp elect = new pres
22nd:
-"FDR" amend.
-no pres shall serve more than 2 terms or 10 years in office
25th:
-"JFK amend"
1. when vacany opens in VP office, pres may appoint a new one w/ consent from BOTH houses (1st time house can confirm bc usually only senate)
2. pres may temp. give up position by written letter to SOTH & pres pro temp. ( new letter to resume)
ex: surgery--under anesthesia-- if attacked what do we do?
3. VP & majority of cabinent can write letter to remove pres, OR 2/3 of congress can declare the pres unable to rule --- congress only votes if pres disagress w/ VP or Cabinent | | 9 |
| 11627874770 | Process of Electing Pres | 2 phases
1. NOMINATIONS
1. announcement
2. primary and caucuses-- trying to win delegates
2. GENERAL ELECTION
3. party national convention
4. general election
5. electoral college | | 10 |
| 11627905127 | invisble primary | -trying to get most media and money!!
-money= stronger campaign | | 11 |
| 11625574111 | Primaries/ Caucuses | Primary:
-STATEWIDE VOTE
-open v closed
-ballot--secret vote
-state run
-more
-higher turnout rate
-more like gen. election
Caucus:
-STATEWIDE MEETING( all over state)
-discussion/meeting
-lower turnout
-vote is public
-goal= get ppl to show up
-political parties run them
-diff rules per party
-nly used by 6 states
-Schedule: Earlier you go--the more options you get
1. Iowa
2. New Hamp.
- Ran by political parties and states-- fed govt has nothing to do w them
-less than 30% turnout
-old people and v lib or v conserv--so candid. must run as v lib or conserv to win
IMPACT:
1. a weakening of party control over nominations and an increase in the number of people involved in the choice of candidates.
2. Disproportionate attention to early states.
3. Money plays too big a role.
4. Participation in primaries and caucuses is low and unrepresentative; 20 percent vote in primaries. | | 12 |
| 11625970029 | front loading | -ability to jump ahead in schedule
-downsides= long calendar
-need money to survive
-adv: more candid. to choose from
- P or C | | 13 |
| 11625992811 | Open Primary | Primary election in which any voter, regardless of party, may vote. | | 14 |
| 11626012676 | Closed Primary | -only vote for what you are registered as
-dem chooses dem, rep chooses rep
-excludes independents | | 15 |
| 11626044801 | Why the electoral college? | -gives power to the smaller states
-check on illiterate people--didn't trust common people to make such imp decision | | 16 |
| 11626124648 | How does Electoral College work? | -each state gets certain # of EV (HOR+ # of Sen.)
-candid. needs 270 votes to win
-state electors vote for candid who wins state
-FAITHLESS ELECTOR--votes for someone else of same party- random
-48/50 states-- winner takes all
-Maine and Neb-- proportional w EV
-if no winner, election goes to the house | | 17 |
| 11626212000 | Pros and Cons of Electoral College | Pros:
-gives smaller states bigger voice
-in constit.
-tradition
Cons: -smaller states get bigger voice
-3rd parties get screwed over
-even if wins pop. vote may not be pres.
-only go to battelground states | | 18 |
| 11626273611 | winner-take-all system | -48/50 states
-winning state=winning all electoral votes
IMpact of WINNER TAKE ALL SYSTEM ON PRESIDENCY?
1. 3rd parties get screwed over--can't win state gen. vote
2. candidates go to battleground states
3. insures winner | | 19 |
| 11626341585 | 7 Roles/ Expectations-- not powers b/c nowhere in constit. | 1) Chief Executive-- head exec branch??, appoint, hire, and fire??
2) Chief of State-- ceremonial role
3) Chief Diplomat--make treaties
4) Commander in Chief-- ONLY ROLE THAT IS POWER
5) Chief Legislator--veto bills & state of union
6) Party Leader-- rep. party leader or dem. party leader
7) Economic Leader- major player in economic health of U.S. | | 20 |
| 11626436384 | Role of Bureaucracy | AIR!!!
A-administration: routine administrative work; provide services
I-implementation: carry out laws of Congress, executive orders of the President
R- regulation: issue rules and regulations that impact the public | | 21 |
| 11626486849 | Executive Office of President | -purpose: develop and implement the policy and programs of the president
-who: chief of staff, press secretary, director of com, etc---sees them on the daily rather than every month like cab | | 22 |
| 11626540451 | Cabinet Depts | -15 depts
-presidential advisers: meant to carry out broad tasks, provide necessary services, act as experts in policy areas
- each dept has famous subunits
dept of justice--- FBI
-secretary of depts are nom. by pres and confirmed by senate (majority vote) | | 23 |
| 11626561360 | Clientele Groups/Agencies | -cabinent debts that represent specific group of ppl
-4
-depts of agri, veteran affairs, labor and commerce | | 24 |
| 11626611045 | Independent Executive Agencies | -narrower areas of responsibility
-too small to be cabinet dept but too big to be under cabinet dept
-agency heads appointed by pres- not in cabinent
-ex: NASA, CIA, PEace Corp, | | 25 |
| 11626653826 | Independent Regulatory Agencies | -have all 3 powers of govt- legit, exec, and judi
-role: created to regulate important aspects
of our economy and society
-Commissioners serve a fixed, long and staggered
term; appointed by President and approved by
Senate (cannot be removed at will by pres)
-ex: FCC, EPA
FCC v Janet Jackson | | 26 |
| 11626736853 | Government Corporations | role: businesses run by the government to
1) provide important services
or
2) keep them cheap and inexpensive
-ex: post office, amtrack, fdic | | 27 |
| 11626762908 | Bureaucratic Power | 1. Discretionary
- increase of decrease regulation
Implementation & Regulation Power
-lib= increase; conserv= decrease
-ALL OF THESE GIVE PRES ALOT OF POWER BC ALOT OF AGENCIES WORK FOR HIM | | 28 |
| 11626794663 | Controlling the Bureaucracy | 1. Legislative Powers
-appropriates money, authorizes the spending of
money, oversees agency activity, confirm appts
2. Executive Powers
-job appointments, executive orders, budget control, reorganize agencies
3. Judicial Powers
-judicial review | | 29 |
| 11626821898 | Iron Triangle | -how public policy/laws are made
-3 groups that influence making of laws
1. bureaucratic agencies
2. congressional committees
3. interest groups
-all 3 have similar interests
Legis get funding from interest groups and
make laws reality with the help of the
bureaucracy
Interest groups provide valued information to
bureaucrats and money to legislators
Bureau chiefs implement legislator policy and
interest group goals. |  | 30 |
| 11626882636 | Issue Network | -updated iron triangle with MEDIA AND COURTS | | 31 |
| 11626974912 | Hatch Act | -agency employees can't participate in political activities (elections, campaigns, fund raisers, etc.)
-softened bc of 1st amend issues in recent decades | | 32 |
| 11626994363 | Spoils System | -originally, pres had major appt power
- politicians giving public supporters government jobs just for simply supporting them
- ended when Garfield was assassinated from supporter who didn't receive a job | | 33 |
| 11627062444 | Pendleton Act | -assass. of Garfield implemented it
-ended spoils system-- implemented merit system (civil service) | | 34 |
| 11627095474 | Merit System | -creates civil service exams
-jobs based on meeting qualifications
-you have job no matter rep. is in power or dem. | | 35 |
| 11627121687 | civil service | -same as merit
-job given based on skill and merit | | 36 |
| 11627127838 | political patronage | -same as spoils
-if you support me, ill give you a job in my govt | | 37 |
| 11627194240 | Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) -LAW | 1. Limit candidate spending
2. Limit individual donations ($1000/election)
Limit PAC donation (5000/election)
3. Public disclosure law (200+)
4. govt can match funds--but certain req/limits | | 38 |
| 11627450635 | PAC | -Political Action Committee
-interest groups
-purpose= raise $$, donate $$ | | 39 |
| 11627248166 | Federal Election Commission (F.E.C)--EXEC | - In turn of FECA
1. independent regulatory agency
2. enforce fed laws-- camp. financing | | 40 |
| 11627265006 | Buckley vs Valeo | Issue:
Are #1 and #2 of FECA constitutional?
Outcome:
-giving money=speech( 1st amend)
-#1 unconstit./ personal money= unlimited
#2 constit.=equal-- everybody plays by the same rules | | 41 |
| 11627365905 | Loophole #1 | hard $= limited legally
soft $= unlimited
SO state/local donations/ PARTY DONATIONS increased!! giving money to party not candid. however still helped out candid.
'get out the vote'
-increased issue ads!!! | | 42 |
| 11627656094 | hard $/ soft $ | hard $-- candidate spending limited legally
soft $-- candidate spending unlimited | | 43 |
| 11627408458 | Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)/ McCain-Feingold | 1. Prohibit soft $$
2. limit issue ads (time)
--still as long as no - 7 magic words ( vote, elect, support, choice)
3. increase hard $$ limit (2000/election) 200$ inflation
4. limit aggregate giving-- McCutheon vs FEC
-said unconstit. however supreme court said you can spend as much ?? | | 44 |
| 11627490046 | Citizens United vs FEC | Issue: Should a feature length documentary about a candidate for political office be treated like the advertisements at issue in McConnell and therefore be subject to regulation under the BCRA?
Outcome: Unions and Corporations can spend an unlimited amount of $$
-led to loophole #2
- 7 magic words ( vote, elect, support, choice) | | 45 |
| 11627612320 | Loophole #2-- New Methods of Donating | 1. Super PAC
- must disclose
2. 527 organ. (tax)
- disclose
3. 501c organ
- no disclosure rules
-dark $$
ALL
1. independent of candiates
2. unlimited $$
3. issue ads, pamphlets, flyers | | 46 |
| 11627666994 | Federalist 70 | -single, powerful, pres
- benefits of strong presidency?
1. provides protection from foreign attacks
2. steady admin of laws bc AOC
3. protection of property
4. secure liberties against factions, anarchy, etc
-4 ingredients of energetic exec
1. unity-- 1 pres; exec stronger
2. duration--long enough to get things done but not too long so no tyranny
3. adequate provision for support--enough money so ppl want the job
4. competent powers--give powers to do jobs and hold off other branches
most necess. qual for pres?
-ENERGY!!-- to be most powerful branch--energy to counteract energy | | 47 |
| 11627805861 | Exec checks on Legis | -veto laws
-call special sessions of congress
-negotiate treaties
-exec privilege | | 48 |
| 11627813665 | exec checks on jud | -appoint judges
-pardons and reprieves | | 49 |
