AP US History: American Pageant Chapter 14 Flashcards
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| 8205182006 | Samuel Slater | He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories. | 0 | |
| 8205182007 | Cyrus McCormick | Irish-American inventor that developed the mechanical reaper. The reaper replaced scythes as the preferred method of cutting crops for harvest, and it was much more efficient and much quicker. The invention helped the agricultural growth of America. | 1 | |
| 8205182008 | Eli Whitney | A mechanical genius who invented the cotton gin, which was machine that separated the cotton from the seed. This greatly improved efficiency, and the South was able to clear more acres of cotton fields, which also increased the demand for slaves. | 2 | |
| 8205182009 | Carl Schurz | A German immigrant that arrived in 1860. He was a politician and journalist that fought against slavery and for good treatment of Native Americans. | 3 | |
| 8205182010 | Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815) | 4 | |
| 8205182011 | Samuel Morse | United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872) | 5 | |
| 8205182012 | DeWitt Clinton | Governor of New York who started the Erie Canal project. His leadership helped complete the canal, which boosted the economy greatly by cutting time traveled from west New York to the Hudson. | 6 | |
| 8205182013 | Catharine Beecher | An American educator known for her forthright opinions on female education as well as her strong support of the many benefits of the incorporation of kindergarten into children's education. | 7 | |
| 8205182014 | George Catlin | First painted portraits of American Indian Life. First person to envision the idea of a national park | 8 | |
| 8205182015 | industrial revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. | 9 | |
| 8205182016 | limited liability | A form of business ownership in which the owners are liable only up to the amount of their individual investments. | 10 | |
| 8205182017 | transportation revolution | A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation. | 11 | |
| 8205182018 | nativism | A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones | 12 | |
| 8205182019 | cult of domesticity | tradition that housework and child care were considered the only proper activites for married women | 13 | |
| 8205182020 | ecological imperialism | Historians' term for the spoliation of western natural resources through excessive hunting, logging, mining, and grazing. | 14 | |
| 8205182021 | factory system | This new system gradually replaced localized cottage industry. Workers were paid by the hour instead of for what they produce. On one hand it decreased the need for skilled labor, but in other ways it increased the amount of specialization due to labor being concentrated in factories. | 15 | |
| 8205182022 | market revolution | Drastic changes in transportation (canals, RRs), communication (telegraph), and the production of goods (more in factories as opposed to houses) | 16 | |
| 8205182023 | homesteaders | Settlers who acquired free land from the government | 17 | |
| 8205182024 | domestic feminism | a political movement composed mainly of women, begun in the late 19th century in order to campaign against women's suffrage in the United States and United Kingdom | 18 | |
| 8205182025 | scabs | Stirkebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike | 19 | |
| 8205182026 | interchangeable parts | Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing | 20 | |
| 8205182027 | rugged individualism | The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. Popularly said by Herbert Hoover. | 21 | |
| 8205182028 | cotton gin | A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 | 22 | |
| 8205182029 | Clermont | Fulton's steamboat in 1807 which powered on/by a newly designed engine. It took the this boat 32 hours to go 150 miles from New York to Albany. | 23 | |
| 8205182030 | Boston Associates | A group of Boston businessmen who built the first power loom. In 1814 in Waltham, Massachusetts, they opened a factory run by Lowell. Their factory made cloth so cheaply that women began to buy it rather than make it themselves. | 24 | |
| 8205182031 | clipper ships | American boats, built during the 1840's in Boston, that were sleek and fast but inefficient in carrying a lot of cargo or passengers. | 25 | |
| 8205182032 | Ancient Order of Hibernians | Semisecret Irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America | 26 | |
| 8205182033 | "Molly Maguires" | An active, militant Irish organization of farmers based in the Pennsylvania anthracite coal fields who are believed responsible for much violence | 27 | |
| 8205182034 | General Incorporation Law | Allows corporations to be formed without a charter from the legislature | 28 | |
| 8205182035 | Pony Express | A Mail carrying service; ran from 1860-1861; was established to carry mail speedily along the 2000 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California; they could make the trek in 10 days. | 29 | |
| 8205182036 | Commonwealth v. Hunt | (1842) a landmark ruling of the MA Supreme Court establishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers. | 30 | |
| 8205182037 | Tammany Hall | a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism | 31 | |
| 8205182038 | Order of the Star-Spangled Banner | Was an oath-bound secret society in NYC created by Charles Allen in 1849 to protest the rise of the Irish, Roman Catholic, and German immigration into the U.S. They were also known as the "Know-nothings" because they kept the society a secret. | 32 | |
| 8205182039 | sewing machine | This machine was invented in 1846 by Elias Howe and Isaac Singer and made sewing clothes faster and easier. | 33 | |
| 8205182040 | Know Nothing Party | Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. Anti-Catholics and anti-foreign. They were also known as the American Party. | 34 | |
| 8205182041 | Kentucky bluegrass | After the land in the tobacco region was exhausted, it was discovered that ______ was perfect in the burned cane field, which helped to feed livestock. | 35 | |
| 8205182042 | twisting the British lion's tail | the slang term for a politician in America in the mid-1800s making negative remarks about the British to his Irish audiences. | 36 | |
| 8205182043 | 6 | Pennsylvania Canal |  | 37 |
| 8205182044 | 5 | Erie Canal | | 38 |
| 8205182045 | 1 | Lake Michigan | | 39 |
| 8205182046 | 8 | Ohio and Erie Canal | | 40 |
| 8205182047 | 7 | Cumberland Road | | 41 |
| 8205182048 | 3 | Lake Erie | | 42 |
| 8205182049 | 4 | Lake Ontario | | 43 |
| 8205182050 | 2 | Lake Huron | | 44 |
