Flashcards
Flashcards
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World History Period 2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13998121768 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 0 | |
| 13998121769 | Alexander the Great | Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 B.C.E.), conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India. | 1 | |
| 13998121770 | Aryans | Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians. | 2 | |
| 13998121771 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance. | 3 | |
| 13998121772 | Athenian democracy | A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot. | 4 | |
| 13998121773 | Caesar Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.). | 5 | |
| 13998121774 | Cyrus (the Great) | Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation. | 6 | |
| 13998121775 | Darius I | Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 B.C.E.) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire. | 7 | |
| 13998121776 | Greco-Persian Wars | Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E. and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea. | 8 | |
| 13998121777 | Gupta Empire | An empire of India (320-550 C.E.). | 9 | |
| 13998121778 | Han dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement. | 10 | |
| 13998121779 | Hellenistic era | The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors. | 11 | |
| 13998121780 | Herodotus | Greek historian known as the "father of history" (ca. 484-ca. 425 B.C.E.). His Histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 13998121781 | hoplite | A heavily armed Greek infantryman. Over time, the ability to afford a hoplite panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship. | 13 | |
| 13998121782 | Ionia | The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greeks and the Persian Empire. | 14 | |
| 13998121783 | Mandate of Heaven | The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently. | 15 | |
| 13998121784 | Battle of Marathon | Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E. | 16 | |
| 13998121785 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India. | 17 | |
| 13998121786 | Olympic Games | Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus; founded in 776B.C.E. and celebrated every four years. | 18 | |
| 13998121787 | Patricians | Wealthy, privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society. | 19 | |
| 13998121788 | Pax Romana | The "Roman peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries C.E. | 20 | |
| 13998121789 | Peloponnesian War | Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens's Golden Age. | 21 | |
| 13998121790 | Persepolis | The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great. | 22 | |
| 13998121791 | Persian Empire | A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E. | 23 | |
| 13998121792 | Plebians | Poorer, less privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics. | 24 | |
| 13998121793 | Punic Wars | Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E., that culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean. | 25 | |
| 13998121794 | Qin Dynasty | A short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period. | 26 | |
| 13998121795 | Qin Shihuangdi | Literally "first emperor" (r. 221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. | 27 | |
| 13998121796 | Solon | Athenian statesman and lawmaker (fl. 594-560 B.C.E.) whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy. | 28 | |
| 13998121797 | Wudi | Han emperor (r. 141-86 B.C.E.) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats. | 29 | |
| 13998121798 | Xiongnu | Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state. | 30 | |
| 13998121799 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty. | 31 | |
| 13998121800 | Angra Mainyu | In Zoroastrianism, the evil god, engaged in a cosmic struggle with Ahura Mazda. | 32 | |
| 13998121801 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. | 33 | |
| 13998121802 | Atman | The human soul, which in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman. | 34 | |
| 13998121803 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women. | 35 | |
| 13998121804 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. | 36 | |
| 13998121805 | bhakti movement | An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity. | 37 | |
| 13998121806 | Brahman | The "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief. | 38 | |
| 13998121807 | Brahmins | The priestly caste of India. | 39 | |
| 13998121808 | Buddhism | The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama | 40 | |
| 13998121809 | Confucianism | The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order. | 41 | |
| 13998121810 | Confucius | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. | 42 | |
| 13998121811 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. | 43 | |
| 13998121812 | Daodejing | The central text of Daoism; translated as The Way and Its Power. | 44 | |
| 13998121813 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. | 45 | |
| 13998121814 | Filial piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism. | 46 | |
| 13998121815 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 47 | |
| 13998121816 | Hinduism | A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions. | 48 | |
| 13998121817 | Hippocrates | A very influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460-ca. 370 B.C.E.); regarded as the father of medicine. | 49 | |
| 13998121818 | Isiaih | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.). | 50 | |
| 13998121819 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity(ca. 4 B.C.E.-ca. 30 C.E.). | 51 | |
| 13998121820 | Yahweh | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice. | 52 | |
| 13998121821 | Karma | In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence. | 53 | |
| 13998121822 | Laozi | A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism. | 54 | |
| 13998121823 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. | 55 | |
| 13998121824 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism. | 56 | |
| 13998121825 | Moksha | In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman. | 57 | |
| 13998121826 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion. | 58 | |
| 13998121827 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. | 59 | |
| 13998121828 | Pythagoras | A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560-ca. 480 B.C.E.) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world. | 60 | |
| 13998121829 | Saint Paul | The first great popularizer of Christianity (10-65 C.E.). | 61 | |
| 13998121830 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. | 62 | |
| 13998121831 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.). | 63 | |
| 13998121832 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals. | 64 | |
| 13998121833 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha as a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs. | 65 | |
| 13998121834 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. | 66 | |
| 13998121835 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. | 67 | |
| 13998121836 | Warring States Period | Period in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos. | 68 | |
| 13998121837 | Yin and Yang | Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites. | 69 | |
| 13998121838 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. | 70 | |
| 13998121839 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. | 71 | |
| 13998121840 | caste as varna and jati | The system of social organization in India that has evolved over millennia; it is based on an original division of the populace into four inherited classes, with the addition of thousands of social distinctions based on occupation, which became the main cell of social life in India. | 72 | |
| 13998121841 | dharma | In Indian belief, performance of the duties appropriate to an individual's caste; good performance will lead to rebirth in a higher caste. | 73 | |
| 13998121842 | helots | The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society. | 74 | |
| 13998121843 | karma | In Indian belief, the force generated by one's behavior in a previous life that decides the level at which an individual will be reborn. | 75 | |
| 13998121844 | Ksatriya | The Indian social class of warriors and rulers. | 76 | |
| 13998121845 | latifundia | Huge estates operated by slave labor that flourished in parts of the Roman Empire | 77 | |
| 13998121846 | Pericles | A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.); presided over Athens's Golden Age. | 78 | |
| 13998121847 | "ritual purity" in Indian social practice | In India, the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods. | 79 | |
| 13998121848 | scholar-gentry class | A term used to describe members of China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials. | 80 | |
| 13998121849 | Sudra | The lowest Indian social class of varna; regarded as servants of their social betters; eventually included peasant farmers | 81 | |
| 13998121850 | the "three obediences" | In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first that of her father, then of her husband, and finally of her son. | 82 | |
| 13998121851 | Untouchables | An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work. | 83 | |
| 13998121852 | Vaisya | The Indian social class that was originally defined as farmers but eventually comprised merchants. | 84 | |
| 13998121853 | Wang Mang | A Han court official who usurped the throne and ruled from 8 C.E. to 23 C.E.; noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates. | 85 | |
| 13998121854 | Empress Wu | The only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.); patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective. | 86 | |
| 13998121855 | Ancestral Pueblo | Formerly known as the Anasazi, this people established a mixed agricultural and gathering/hunting society in the southwestern part of North America. | 87 | |
| 13998121856 | Axum | Classical-era kingdom of East Africa, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia; flourished from 100 to 600 C.E. | 88 | |
| 13998121857 | Bantu expansion | Gradual migration of peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria and the Cameroons into most of eastern and southern Africa, a process that began around 3000 B.C.E. and continued for several millennia. The agricultural techniques and ironworking technology of thesefarmers gave them an advantage over the gathering and hunting peoples they encountered. | 89 | |
| 13998121858 | Batwa | Forest-dwelling people of Central Africa who adopted some of the ways of their Bantu neighbors while retaining distinctive features of their own culture; also known as "Pygmies." | 90 | |
| 13998121859 | Cahokia | The dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri; flourished from about 900 to 1250 C.E. | 91 | |
| 13998121860 | Chaco Phenomenon | Name given to a major process of settlement and societal organization that occurred in the period 860-1130 C.E. among the peoples of Chaco canyon, in what is now northwestern New Mexico; the society formed is notable for its settlement in large pueblos and for the building of hundreds of miles of roads (the purpose of which is not known). | 92 | |
| 13998121861 | Chavin | Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement from around 900 to 200 B.C.E. | 93 | |
| 13998121862 | Coptic Christianity | The Egyptian variety of Christianity, distinctive in its belief that Christ has only a single, divine nature. | 94 | |
| 13998121863 | Hopewell Culture | Named from its most important site (in present-day Ohio), this is the most elaborate and widespread of the North American mound building cultures; flourished from 200 B.C.E. to 400 C.E. | 95 | |
| 13998121864 | Jenne-jeno | Largest and most fully studied of the cities of the Niger Valley civilization | 96 | |
| 13998121865 | Maya | The major classical civilization of Mesoamerica; flourished from 250 to 900 C.E. | 97 | |
| 13998121866 | Moche | An important regional civilization of Peru, governed by warrior-priests; flourished from around 100 to 800 C.E. | 98 | |
| 13998121867 | Mound Builders | Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of the Mississippi River in what is now the United States and that are distinguished by their large earthen mounds, built during the period 2000 B.C.E.-1250 C.E. | 99 | |
| 13998121868 | Nazca | A civilization of southern coastal Peru, the Nazca became famous for their underground irrigation channels and their gigantic and mysterious lines in the desert in the form of monkeys, birds, spiders, and other designs. | 100 | |
| 13998121869 | Niger Valley Civilization | Distinctive city-based civilization that flourished from about 300 B.C.E. to about 900 C.E. in the floodplain of the middle Niger and that included major cities like Jenne-jeno; the Niger Valley civilization is particularly noteworthy for its apparent lack of centralized state structures, having been organized instead in clusters of economically specialized settlements. | 101 | |
| 13998121870 | Pueblo | "Great house" of the Ancestral Pueblo people; a large, apartment building-like structure that could house hundreds of people. | 102 | |
| 13998121871 | Semi-sedentary | Term frequently used to describe the peoples of the eastern woodlands of the United States, Central America, the Amazon basin, and the Caribbean islands who combined partial reliance on agriculture with gathering and hunting. | 103 | |
| 13998121872 | Teotihuacán | The largest city of pre-Columbian America, with a population between 100,000 and 200,000; seemingly built to a plan in the Valley of Mexico, flourished between 300 and 600 C.E., during which time it governed or influenced much of the surrounding region. The name is an Aztec term meaning "city of the gods." | 104 | |
| 13998121873 | Tikal | Major Maya city, with a population of perhaps 50,000 people. | 105 | |
| 13998121874 | Golden Age | A combination of wealth and a time of relative peace often leads to cultural achievement in math, science, arts, and technology. | 106 | |
| 13998121875 | Pax Sinica | "Chinese peace"; under the Han Dynasty, China experienced 400 years of prosperity and stability | 107 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World History Section 6 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13483887074 | 1918 Influenza Pandemic | changed from a epidemic and spread over an entire world killing around 20 million in many areas around the world | 0 | |
| 13483890664 | 1968 global uprisings | 1 | ||
| 13483903649 | African National Congress | South African political party established in 1912 by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society; it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994. | 2 | |
| 13483912978 | All-Indian Muslim League (1906) | 3 | ||
| 13483918452 | Al Qaeda | Islamist terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against U.S. A radical Islamic group organized by Osama bin Laden in the 1990s to engage in terrorist activitities. | 4 | |
| 13483922848 | Anti-Apartheid Movement | The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing South Africa's system of apartheid and supporting South Africa's non-whites. | 5 | |
| 13483970117 | Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) | a trade alliance that promotes trade and economic integration among member nations in Southeast Asia | 6 | |
| 13483975218 | Biafra | Eastern Nigerian region inhabited mostly by the Ibo people; in 1967 attempted unsuccessfully to secede from Nigeria; defeated and reintegrated in 1970. | 7 | |
| 13483975313 | Bollywood | Indian version of Hollywood (film industry), centered in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) | 8 | |
| 13483981029 | Camp Davis Accords (1978) | A peace settlement between Egypt and Israel; the two leaders negotiated these accords which provided a framework for a peace settlement between their countries. Negotiated by President Jimmy Carter. | 9 | |
| 13483994687 | Che Guevara | (1928-1967) Argentinean revolutionary leader; he was an aide to Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. | 10 | |
| 13483999214 | Cholera | an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food | 11 | |
| 13484001464 | earth day | International day of celebration and awareness of global environmental issues launched by conservationists on April 22, 1970 | 12 | |
| 13484015271 | Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) | armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization | 13 | |
| 13484019358 | European Union | An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members. | 14 | |
| 13484025260 | Fascism | A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition | 15 | |
| 13484028857 | Five Year Plan | Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine | 16 | |
| 13484034779 | Free market policies | Associated with 'smaller government', minimal government intervention, incentives to work and allowing markets to function freely. | 17 | |
| 13484034907 | Genocide | the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. | 18 | |
| 13484040424 | Great depression | (HH) , starting with collapse of the US stock market in 1929, period of worldwide economic stagnation and depression. Heavy borrowing by European nations from USA during WW1 contributed to instability in European economies. Sharp declines in income and production as buying and selling slowed down. Widespread unemployment, countries raised tariffs to protect their industries. America stopped investing in Europe. Lead to loss of confidence that economies were self adjusting, HH was blamed for it | 19 | |
| 13484059373 | Great Leap Forward (1958) | - Mao Zedong launched a program - urged people to make a superhuman effort to increase farm and industrial output and created communes - rural communes set up "backyard" industries to produce steel - program failed b/c "backyards" produced low-quality - communes had slow food output, bad weather, and a famine | 20 | |
| 13484068733 | Green Belt Movement | A nongovernmental organization created to protect trees in and around Nairobi, Kenya, led by Nobel Prize-winning environmental and political activist Wangari Maathai | 21 | |
| 13484078730 | Greenpeace | An environmental organization founded in 1970 and dedicated to the preservation of earth's natural resources. | 22 | |
| 13484086604 | Ho Chi Minh | 1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable | 23 | |
| 13484100897 | Indian Constitution of 1950 | 24 | ||
| 13484130888 | International Criminal Court | A permanent tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity.A court of last resort for human rights cases that possesses jurisdiction only if the accused is a national of a state party, the crime took place on the territory of a state party, or the UN Security Council has referred the case to the prosecutor | 25 | |
| 13484134547 | International Monetary Fund | International institution set up to maintain order in the international monetary system. A United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies. | 26 | |
| 13484161560 | IRA | 27 | ||
| 13484182220 | Jawaharlal Nehru | Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964). | 28 | |
| 13484210956 | Julius Nyerere | First President of Tanzania who advocated an African form of socialism. Stated only hard work will end poverty. | 29 | |
| 13484230804 | Long March (1934-1935) | The 6,000-mile (9,600-kilometer) flight of Chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek. The four thousand survivors of the march formed the nucleus of a revived Communist movement that defeated the Guomindang after World War II. | 30 | |
| 13484237879 | Malaria | This disease is commonly associated with poverty and is spread by mosquitos. Each year 1-3 million people mostly in sub-saharan Africa die of this diesase and hundreds of millions are infected. | 31 | |
| 13484247588 | Martin Luther King Jr. | U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964) | 32 | |
| 13484253676 | Mau Mau Rebellion | the murder of 1,700 Africans and about 100 European missionaries by native Kenyan tribes who resented British intrusion | 33 | |
| 13484260899 | May Fourth Movement (1919) | Students led protests against the acceptance at Versailles of Japanese gains in China during World War I led to demonstrations and the beginning of a movement to create a liberal democracy. | 34 | |
| 13484280002 | Metropoles | Large cities in the home country | 35 | |
| 13484293636 | multinational corporation | An organization that manufactures and markets products in many different countries and has multinational stock ownership and multinational management | 36 | |
| 13484302612 | Muslim League | Founded in 1906 to better support demands of Muslims for separate electorates and legislative seats in Hindu-dominated India; represented division within Indian nationalist movement | 37 | |
| 13484309082 | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | Turkish nationalist leader who became the first president of modern Turkey in the 1920's and set about to modernize and Westernize Turkey, including making it more secular | 38 | |
| 13484314802 | NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) | An agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico | 39 | |
| 13484319915 | Negritude Movement | A movement in which writers and artists of African descent expressed pride in their African heritage. A movement to celebrate culture and values. | 40 | |
| 13484340606 | New Deal | The historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented to help get out of the Great Depression. Removed America from the Gold Standard. Goal was relief Recovery and reform. | 41 | |
| 13484438533 | Olympics | An ancient Greek festival in honor of the god Zeus, which took place every four years and featured competitions in athletics and poetry. | 42 | |
| 13484470805 | petroleum | liquid fossil fuel that came from the sea originally; oil | 43 | |
| 13484475350 | Prague Spring | In 1968, Czechoslovakia, under Alexander Dubcek, began a program of reform. Dubcek promised civil liberties, democratic political reforms, and a more independent political system. The Soviet Union invaded the country and put down the short-lived period of freedom. | 44 | |
| 13484510495 | Proxy War | A war instigated by a major power that does not itself participate | 45 | |
| 13484528589 | Quebecois | Quebec's French-speaking inhabitants | 46 | |
| 13484971504 | Reggae | A style of music that developed in Jamaica in the 1960s and is rooted in African, Caribbean, and American music, often dealing with social problems and religion. | 47 | |
| 13484994260 | salt march | Gandhi led a march over 240 miles to protest the British monopoly on salt in India | 48 | |
| 13484994261 | six days war | 1967 clash between Israel and the Arab world; Israel was victorious | 49 | |
| 13484997169 | Solidarity | Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe. | 50 | |
| 13485006178 | Great Leap Forward | Started by Mao Zedong, combined collective farms into People's Communes, failed because there was no incentive to work harder, ended after 2 years. | 51 | |
| 13485026832 | Tiananmen Square | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. | 52 | |
| 13485031997 | Total War | A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort | 53 | |
| 13485042560 | totalitarian state | country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people | 54 | |
| 13485054596 | Tuberculosis | An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs | 55 | |
| 13485071900 | US Civil Rights Act of 1965 | social movements in the U.S. where they want to end segregation and discrimination against blacks and it helps secure and protect the rights of citizens and citizenship within the laws | 56 | |
| 13485083750 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO. reaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania | 57 | |
| 13485087913 | World Bank | A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. | 58 | |
| 13485104777 | World Cup Soccer | A soccer tournament held every four years in which nations compete to determine the world champion. | 59 | |
| 13485116507 | World Trade Organization | Administers the rules governing trade between its 144 members. Helps producers, importers, and exporters conduct their business and ensure that trade flows smoothly. | 60 |
Flashcards
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
