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Chapter 9 AP World History Flashcards

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14955786438QuranThe scared scriptures of Islam containing the revelations of Muhammad0
14955786439ummaThe just and moral society of Islam; the community of all believers replacing ethnic, tribal, and racial identities1
14955786440Pillars of IslaThe 5 pillars of Islam is the core message of the Quran and it states 5 requirements for Muslims.2
14955786441HijraThe emigration to Yathrib, also meaning "the journey" in English3
14955786442ShariaA law that regulated every aspect of life. The sharia (literally, "a path to water," which is the source of life) evolved over the several centuries following the birth of this new religion and found expression in a number of separate schools of Islamic legal practice.4
14955789334jizyaA special tax that was theoretically a substitute for military service, supposedly forbidden to non-Muslims.5
14955791632Umayyad caliphateThe ruling family of the first dynasty following the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs6
14955794709Abbasid caliphateAfter controversy during Umayyad rule, they were overthrown in 750 and up rose this new Arab dynasty- the Abbasids.7
14955796908ulamaThe "international elite" of religious scholars that developed the body of Islamic law primarily in the eighth and ninth centuries.8
14955798594SufismThe system of the Sufis. The Sufis were teachers who gained a hearing for the Islamic faith through their devotional teachings, modest ways of living, and reputation for supernatural powers.9
14955802958SikhismA religious tradition founded by Guru Nanak in India that blended elements of Islam (one universald God) with Hindu concepts (karma and rebirth)10
14955805823Ibn BattutaMuslim scholar and explorer who was known for his travelling and excursions called the Rihla (journey within Moracco, typically to meet with other pilgrims before travelling beyond the local areas).11
14955807818TimbuktuOne of the several West African cities that became a major center of Islamic religious and intellectual life by the sixteenth century, attracting scholars from throughout the Muslim world.12
14955810680al-Andalusa.k.a. Muslim Spain. It was a Muslim kingdom that occupied a lot of the Iberian Peninsula until the collapse of the Umayyad dynasty.13
14955812866Mansa MusaThe ruler of the Kingdom of Mali, a kingdom that stretched over 1000 miles from the Atlantic coast to Timbuktu.14
14955815677madrassasColleges which offered more advanced instructions in the Quran and the sayings of Mohammad, grammar, rhetoric, philosophy, law medicine, mathematics, and theology.15
14955818788House of WisdomAn academic center in Baghdad created by Abbasid caliph al-Mamun, a poet and scholar, in 830.16
14955824861Ibn SinaA prolific writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy17
14955826952Mullah NasruddinAn imaginary folk character within the world of islam, especially among the sufis. He also has a skeptical attitude towards vanity and ego.18
14955830745al-GhazaliAl-Ghazali was one of the most prominent philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mystics of Sunni Islam.19

AP Language Summer vocabulary Flashcards

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14562560877aberrationdeviation0
14562561737aestheticcreative1
14562562807ambiguouscryptic2
14562565630ambivalentcontradictory3
14562573862arbitraryerratic4
14562575648Archiacancient5
14562576311articulatefluent6
14562576312artificegimmick7
14562578052ascertainconfirm8
14562584731ascribeattribute9
14562585590astuteinsightful10
14562586236authoritativedependable11
14562588359beratescold12
14562589048bleakgrim13
14562591142bourgeoismaterialistic14
14562592969bureaucraticconstitutional15
14562596856candorfrankness16
14562597482certitudecertainty17
14562599289charismaticappealing18
14562600065chastisepunish19
14562601287circumspectcareful20
14562601997colloquialconversational21
14562602436compunctionpity22
14562603427conciliatorycalm23
14562604520condemnpunish24
14562605228condescendingpatronizing25
14562605908conditionalrestrictive26
14562607184condoneexcuse27
14562613343conjectureassume28
14562614004contemporarymodern29
14562614798contemptdefiance30
14562615569contentiouscombative31
14562616092contingentunforeseen32
14562622772contrivedfalse33
14562626311convolutedpuzzling34
14562627056cultivatedevelop35
14562627057dauntingbaffle36
14562627618decisivecritical37
14562629783declamatorybombastic38
14562630657declarationacknowledgment39
14562630658decrycondemn40
14562634904deferentialcourteous41
14562635857definitiveconclusive42
14562637257detachedseparate43
14562639175diabolicalcruel44
14562641333didacticacademic45
14562644620digressiondetour46
14562646418discursivedigressive47
14562648531disillusiondisappoint48
14562650020disparagebelittle49
14562651781disparatecontrasting50
14562652427dispassionatedetached51
14562653117disseminatedisperse52
14562653487dogmaticarrogant53
14562653488dynamiccompelling54
14562655281earnestdiligent55
14562656010effusivedemonstrative56
14562657420elicitevoke57
14562659002eloquencefluency58
14562659659embitteredirritated59
14562660067emphaticdefinite60
14562662161empiricalexperimental61
14562665872encapsulatesummarize62
14562669426endeavorstrive63
14562672098engendersarouse64
14562673475enigmaticcryptic65
14562674768enunciatearticulate66
14562677140ephemeralfleeting67
14562678821equanimitycalmness68
14562680647equivocalambiguous69
14562681265eradicationdestruction70
14562683364eruditeknowledgeable71
14562684802etiquettecourtesy72
14562685969Euphemismdelicacy73
14562686710exhortadvise74
14562694747exaltglorify75
14562695563fastidiousfinicky76
14562700244ferventearnest77
14562704166fleetingtransitory78
14562704592follyfoolishness79
14562705310futilityemptiness80
14562705311genialcheerful81
14562708723heedlessreckless82
14562709832Heuristicinterrogative83
14562710981idiosyncraticquirky84
14562712830impetuousimpulsive85
14562713357implausibleunrealistic86
14562730371impressionisticevocative87
14562733107incredulityskepticism88
14562735464indignantfurious89
14562741957indiscretionerror90
14562742988inefficiencycarelessness91
14562743660infractionbreach92
14562745193ingratiateflatter93
14562747565inherentbuilt-in94
14562751160innateinborn95
14562752024innocuousinoffensive96
14562752798inquisitiveanalytical97
14562757613inscrutableunintelligible98
14562758050insularisolated99
14562758554intangibleunreal100
14562759594intricacycomplexity101
14562762538introspectivereflective102
14562763256intuitiveemotional103
14562763257irreverentmocking104
14562764662Kinshipaffinity105
14576729452jadedweary106
14576735202laudatoryapproving107
14576736285linguisticgrammatical108
14576737042magnanimouscharitable109
14576737043maliciousspiteful110
14576738439melancholygloomy111
14576739734Meritocracypolitical112
14576742183morosecranky113
14576751841mundanebanal114
14576752946Negationsrenunciation115
14576757572nomenclatureglossary116
14576758497novicebeginner117
14576761412objectiveequitable118
14576762079obligebind119
14576762080obscureblur120
14576763765obsoleteout-of-date121
14576767372omnipotentalmighty122
14576767373opaquenessmurkiness123
14576768112orthodoxaccording to the book124
14576770847ostracizedignored125
14576771223paucityinsufficiency126
14576771917pedanticpompous127
14576773542permeateinfuse128
14576776374perplexingcomplicated129
14576776375petulantcranky130
14576777168piousdevout131
14576777805polemicalbelligerent132
14576779239pragmaticbusinesslike133
14576780150precariousdangerous134
14576783368preconceivedwarped135
14576783880pretentiousexaggerated136
14576784314propagatecirculate137
14576784830proprietycorrectness138
14576785890provocativechallenging139
14576786794prowessaccomplishment140
14576787733prudentfrugal141
14576791385recitationmonologue142
14576793508reminiscelook back143
14576794371repressedinhibit144
14576795283resignationdeparture145
14576797119restitutionindemnity146
14576800391retortrebut147
14576802182reverentialdeferential148
14576802193Sarcasmridicule149
14576802970sardonicmordant150
14576804834self-deprecatingunassuming151
14576805298self-effacingbashful152
14576805299shrewdastute153
14576806104solemnityearnestness154
14576806567Solidarityagreement155
14576808566speculativehypothetical156
14576809684staccatorecurrence157
14576813043stridentblatant158
14576829804subjectivebiased159
14576839452substantivenoun160
14576840173superficialfrivolous161
14576840891Taxonomyallocation162
14576841421tentativeunsettled163
14576841956terseconcise164
14576841957transgressionbreach165
14576842605treatisecommentary166
14576917779trivialmeaningless167
14576918420unadornedaustere168
14576920787underminedundercut169
14576920788underscoreaccentuate170
14576922364unpretentiousmodest171
14576922951unrequitedunanswered172
14576925418vehementlyfiercely173
14576927001veracityauthenticity174
14576927454verbositywordiness175
14576927928vindictivemalicious176
14576930047warycautious177
14576930678wistfulcontemplative178
14576930679zealousimpassioned179

AP World History: Vocab List 1 Flashcards

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14863503959Filial Pietyrespect for elders, leaders, and males0
14863503960Purdahthe practice among women in certain Muslim and Hindu societies of living in a separate room or behind a curtain, or of dressing in all-enveloping clothes, in order to stay out of the sight of men or strangers.1
14863503961Champa Ricea quick-maturing, drought resistant rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season.2
14863503962House of Wisdoma center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s3
14863503963Sharia LawA law code drawn up to regulate behavior4
14863503964Jiyzaa tax on peoples whose belief system was not Islam while living in the Abbasid Caliphate5
14863503965Mandate of Heavenblessing of "heaven" or the cosmos on a ruling dynasty6
14863503966SerfdomInstitution in which a peasant is attached to a feudal estate.7
14863503967Syncretisma blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith8
14863503968Tributary StateA country that pays tribute in money or goods to a more powerful nation9
14863503969blending (belief systems)the blending or combination of two or more religious belief systems into a new system10
14863503970Bhakti MovementIn Hinduism, advocates intense devotion toward a particular deity.11

AP World History Ch 9 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
11288093303What are the five pillars of Islam?Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage0
11288098473BedouinsPeople who prepared Muhammad for desert life.1
11288122758MeccaCity in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.2
11288126507Blood feudFiercely independent Bedouin cities, clans, and tribes3
11288141539KabbaA small, cubical building in the courtyard of the Great Mosque at Mecca containing a sacred black stone: regarded by Muslims as the House of Allah (God).4
11288147095QurayshTribe of bedouins that controlled Mecca in 7th century C.E.5
11288154457MuhammadFounder of Islam6
11288159054KhadijaWife of Muhammad7
11288304173Quranthe sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina8
11288372037True or False: It is considered sacrilegious to show Muhammad's faceTrue9
11288437683Seal of the ProphetsMuhammad's name for himself, signifying that he was the final prophet of Allah.10
11288450354MuslimA follower of Islam, means "one who has submitted"11
11288459203UmmaThe community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.12
11288465678HajjA pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims13
11288472486JihadA holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal14
11288478917HijraMuhammad's move to Medina. Start of the Islamic calendar (632 CE)15
11288493385ShariaBody of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life16
11288509222Battle of Talas RiverArab victory over the Chinese in 751 CE that checked Chinese expansion to the west and enabled the conversion of Central Asia to Islam17
11288515713Dhimmis"the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus18
11288530173JizyaA tax for Dhimmis to pay in order to avoid military service19
11288545714CaliphMilitary and religious leader20
11288573541Rightly Guided CaliphsLose companions of the Prophets21
11288615205SunniThe rightful political and military leaders chosen by umma22
11288638268ImamBlood relatives of Muhammad23
11288654118ShiaLeaders should derive from the blood relatives of Muhammad. Felt like oppressed minority and revolted24
11288675531Sunni-Shia SchismRift that still exists between the two on who should rule after Muhammad's death25
11289152955Umayyad DynastyCapital city is Damascus, turned into Monarch by overthrow and replaced by the Abbasid26
11289182447UlamaReligious Scholars27
11289271309UmarSecond caliph28
11289319984Mansurlegislated a separate bridge for women29
11289339114Honor killingKilling women by men for committing sexual taboos30
11289364625ClitoridectomyFemale genital cutting31
11289385249HadithsPoorly sourced traditions about the sayings or actions of Muhammad32
11289410764MullahMale and female leaders in Shia spiritual world33
11289518746Abbasid DynastyCapital city is Baghdad34
11289532102Sultanate of DelhiEstablished in 1206 and caused Turkish rule to be more systemic35
11289543101BhaktiDevotional36
11289547575Guru NanakFounder of Sikhism37
11289560408SikhismBlended Islamic elements and Hindu, Karma, and rebirth38
11289584039OttomansTurkish empire that overthrew Christian Byzantine39
11289589477Sonni Ali15th CE Ruler of Songhai who observed Ramadan40
11289598690CordobaWas one of the largest and finest cities in the world41
11289604709GranadaLast Muslim stronghold, took over by Christians42

Pre-AP World History, Period 3 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7985507997Muhammad(c. 570-632) introduced the religion of Islam to southwestern Asia. According to Muslim belief, he heard the voice of the angel Gabriel instructing him to serve as a messenger for God. He spent the rest of his life spreading Islam. Muslims today honor him as God's final prophet.0
7985510852Yathribfinal destination of Muhammad's hijra and the home of the first community of Muslims; later renamed Medina; located in the northwest of present-day Saudi Arabia1
7985510851hijraMuhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in 6222
7985517812Quranthe holy book of Islam3
7985517813hajjone of the Five Pillars of Islam, the pilgrimage that all Muslims are expected to make at least once in their lifetime4
7985522203Abu Bakr(573-634) was Muhammad's father-in-law and the first Muslim caliph, or leader, following Muhammad's death. An early convert to Islam, he advised Muhammad and traveled on the hijra with the prophet. He helped unite the Muslim people through his role as successor to Muhammad. Under his rule, the Muslim empire expanded.5
7985524198caliphsuccessor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims6
7985527104SufiMuslim mystic who seeks communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals7
7985531702SundiataHe was a West African ruler who was responsible for laying the groundwork for Mali to be a rich and powerful kingdom. He died in 1255.8
7985534837Mansa Musa(died c. 1337) was a devoted Islamic ruler of Mali who came to the throne in 1312 and expanded Mali's borders to the Atlantic Ocean. He was one of the richest men of his era. His famous journey to Mecca was lavish and awakened the world to the riches of Mali.9
7985534838Songhaimedieval West African kingdom located in present-day Mali, Niger, and Nigeria10
7985537124Axumtrading center and powerful ancient kingdom in northern present-day Ethiopia11
7985540497King LalibelaRuler of Ethiopia who came to power in the 1200s. He built eleven Christian churches carved from ground level into the solid rock of the mountains below.12
7985547604Delhithe third-largest city in India, capital of medieval India13
7985547605Sikhismmonotheistic religion founded in the late 1400s by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region of India14
7985553078Babur(1483-1530) was the founder of the Mughal Dynasty in India. He came from Turkish and Mongol heritages, a descendent of the great Mongol leader, Genghis Khan. His name is the Arabic word for "tiger," but he was as accomplished a poet as he was a warrior. His wise rule helped launch a powerful Muslim dynasty that had a permanent influence on northern India.15
7985553079Taj Mahala tomb built by Shah Jahan for his wife16
7985555266Tang Taizong(598-649) was an accomplished general, government reformer, historian, Confucian scholar, and artist. These qualities and skills helped him to become China's most admired emperor.17
7985557785Song DynastyChinese dynasty from 960 to 1279, followed the Golden Age of the Tang18
7985564807Genghis Khan(1162-1227) rose from poverty to unite the warring Mongol tribes. He imposed discipline, exacted loyalty, and then proceeded to build an army that conquered the vast areas of Central Asia and China and became the Mongol empire. He was known for both his fierceness and his generosity. The Mongol empire lasted long after his death during a military campaign. His descendants added to the empire until it became the largest empire in the world prior to the British empire.19
7985568018Kublai Khan(1215-1294) was the grandson of Genghis Khan and founded the Yuan dynasty, conquered the Song dynasty in the south to complete Mongol control of China, and proved a strong and intelligent ruler of the vast empire. Guided by Confucian Chinese advisors, he undertook reforms in his territories and politically reunited China, but also engaged in a series of costly and fruitless wars with neighboring kingdoms. He generally left Chinese life unchanged and, although religious, was known for his acceptance of various religious practices and for granting economic privileges to favored sects.20
7985571114Zheng He(c. 1371-1433) was an admiral in the Ming Chinese navy and diplomat who made his first voyage in 1405 to Vietnam, India, and Africa to both explore and trade. His huge fleet of hundred of junks (Chinese ships) and thousands of sailors carried silk, porcelain, and lacquerware to trade for pearls, spices, ivory, and timber. Zheng He made seven voyages in all, exploring, trading successfully, and thereby motivating Chinese merchants to establish trade centers in Southeast Asia and India.21
7985573356Choson DynastyKorean dynasty that ruled from 1392 to 1910, the longest-lived of Korea's three dynasties22
7985577469Murasaki Shikubu(c. 973-c. 1014 or 1025) was a lady-in-waiting in the Heian Court. Historians credit her with writing the world's first full-length novel, The Tale of Genji , written between A.D. 1000 and 1008.23
7985592968Yuan DynastyChinese dynasty ruled by the Mongols from 1279 to 1368; best-known ruler was Kublai Khan24
7985598585Marco Polo(c. 1254-1324) was a traveler, merchant, and adventurer from Venice who journeyed from Europe to Asia in 1271-95, spending 17 years serving the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan. Polo dictated the account of his travels, to a fellow prisoner while imprisoned during a war with Genoa. His book proved a great success, but few readers believed it was true. Evidence outside his book that he journeyed so far to the east has not been found; however, during the centuries since his death, others have confirmed the accuracy of most of what he described.25
7985602286SultanMuslim ruler26
7985609068MughalMuslim empire that ruled most of northern India from the mid-1500s to the mid-1700s27
7985615943Tang DynastyChinese dynasty from 618 to 907; followed the short-lived Sui Dynasty28
7985624841UmayyadSunni dynasty of caliphs that ruled from 661 to 75029
7985627308AbbasidMuslim dynasty that ruled in Baghdad from 750 to 125830
7985631335Sunnia member of one of the largest Muslim sects; believe that inspiration came from the example of Muhammad as recorded by his early followers31
7985635633Shiitea member of one of the two major Muslim sects; believe that the descendants of Muhammad's daughter and son-in-law, Ali, are the true Muslim leaders32
7985638600Meccaa city in western Saudi Arabia; birthplace of Muhammad, viewed by Muslims as the prophet of Islam, and the most holy city for Islamic people33
7985638601Kaabathe most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca34
7985644017mosqueMuslim house of worship35
7985649277Firdawsi(c. 940-1020) was a Muslim poet most famous for the Shah Namah, or Book of Kings, which he wrote in Persian using Arabic script. He wrote at a time when Persia, or Iran, was fairly free from the control of the Muslim empire and local leaders encouraged a flowering of Persian culture. The famed poet centered his writing on the stories of royalty and heroes, and many of the themes he introduced are still relevant today.36
7985655773Ibn Rushd(1128-1198) was a philosopher and scientist who lived in Córdoba and influenced European thought. As a philosopher, he placed a variety of subject matter under the scrutiny of reason and analysis and argued that humans were partially but not completely controlled by fate. In the field of science, he contributed to the study of diseases.37
7985658712Ibn Khaldun(1332-1406) was an Arab thinker who helped establish the principles of many branches of knowledge including history and economics. He is perhaps best known for the development of standards for studying and writing about history, which he explained in his landmark book, the Muqaddimah , He also introduced or refined many economic concepts relating to labor, profits, supply and demand, use of resources, production, and supply and demand.38
7985663763SafavidShiite Muslim dynasty that ruled much of present-day Iran from the 1500s into the 1700s39
7985663764janizarya member of the elite forces of the Ottoman army40
7985670804Swahilian East African culture that emerged about A.D 1000; also a Bantu-based language, blending Arabic words and written in Arabic script.41
7985673718Great Zimbabwepowerful East African medieval trading center and city-state located in south-eastern present-day Zimbabwe42
7985676156patrilinealkinship ties that are passed on through the father's side of the family43
7985678462matrilinealkinship ties that are passed on through the mother's side of the family44
7985684820Istanbulcapital of the Ottoman empire, formerly called Constantinople when it was the center of the eastern Roman empire and also capital of the Byzantine empire45
7985687895Saharalargest desert in the world, covering almost all of North Africa46
7985690516Ghanaearly West African trading kingdom located in parts of present-day Mauritania and Mali47
7985695060Malimedieval West African trading empire; home of Mansa Musa48
7985699206Banturoot language of West Africa on which some early African migration patterns are based49

Ap world history first set Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
14657937618Jesusestablished Christisanity0
14657940301Muhammadest Islam &the Islamic empire1
14657941718Newtoninfluenced modern mathematics, science, and physics2
14657943343Buddhaest Buddhism3
14657946115Confuciusest philosophy of Confucianism4
14657947172St Paulwrote much of NT, spread Christianity developed Christian theology5
14657950504Tsai Luninvented paper6
14657952222GutenbergInvented the printing press7
14657953759Columbusdiscovered Americas, began col exchange8
14657955740Einsteindeveloped the theory of relativity9
14657959421AfghanistanKaubl10
14657959422AlgeriaAlgiers11
14657960097AngolaLuanda12
14657960098ArgentinaBuenos Aires13
14657960831ArmeniaYeravan14
14657960836AustraliaCanberra15
14657961778AustriaVienna16
14657963139BandladeshDhaka17
14657963140BelgiumBrussels18
14657963732BeninPorto-Novo19

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