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AP words Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
14647881262Appealsethos, logos, pathos0
14647881263AssessmentThe evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something1
14647881264audiencethe listener, viewer, or reader of a text2
14647881265attitudefeelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events3
14813209430contextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.4
14813209431occasionAn aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.5
14813209432purposethe goal the speaker wants to achieve6
14813209433SpeakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing7
14813209434Personaan individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting8
14813209435subjectThe topic of a text. What the text is about.9
14923493461AllusionA reference to another work of literature, person, or event10
14923493462AntithesisDirect opposite11
14923493463archaic definitionvery old or old-fashioned12
14923493464BiasA particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.13
14923493465Dictionword choice14
15038212460Ethoscredibility/trust15
15038212461PathosAppeal to emotion16
15038212462LogosAppeal to logic17
15038212463CounterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument18
15038212464concessionSomething given up or yielded19
15038212465Refutationa denial of the validity of an opposing argument20

ap vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
14920757154nebulousvaguely defined, cloudy0
14920759171ineptnot suitable or qualified1
14920765919quandarya perplexing, irresolvable state2
14920772473plethoraan extreme excess or abundance3
14920789489conundrumpuzzle, problem4
14920811512s nebulousshadowy, hazy5
14920813491a nebulousclear, bright6
14920834468s ineptawkward, bumbling7
14920831175a ineptable, capable8
14920841457s quandarydifficulty, embarrassment9
14920847401a quandarysolution, success10
14920853669s plethoramuch, plenty11
14920863665a plethoralack, need12
14920873809s conundrummystery, riddle13
14920881096a conundrumobviousness, clarification14

SA AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
13984543114Absolutea word free from limitations or qualifications like always or never0
13984543115Adagea familiar proverb or wise saying1
13984543116Ad hominem argumentargument attacking an individual's character rather than his position2
13984543117Allegoryliterary works in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions3
13984543119Allusionan indirect reference to something literary, mythological, or historical4
13984543120Analogya comparison of two different things that are similar in some way5
13984543121Anaphorathe repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences6
13984543122Anecdotea brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event7
13984543123Antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers8
13984543124Antithesisthe opposite of9
13984543125Aphorisma concise statement that expresses succinctly a general truth or idea. Typically rhymes.10
13984543126Apostrophespeaking to an absent or imaginary person or an inanimate object11
13984543127Archetypea detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and appeals in a universal way12
13984543128Argumenta statement of meaning or main point of a literary work13
13984543130Pathosappeal to emotion intended to evoke pity14
13984543131Chiasmusa statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed15
13984543132Clichean expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off16
13984543229Climaxthe point of highest interest in a literary work17
13984543133Colloquialisminformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing18
13984543134Complex sentencea sentence with one independent and one dependent clause19
13984543135Compound sentencetwo independent clauses combined with a conjunction20
13984543136Conceita fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor21
13984543137Concrete detaildetails that are measurable and specific22
13984543138Connotationthe implied or associative meaning of a word23
13984543140Declarative sentencea sentence that makes a statement or declaration24
13984543141Deductive reasoningreasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case25
13984543142Denotationthe literal meaning of a word26
13984543143Dialecta variety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or pronunciation27
13984543144Dialogueconversation between two or more people28
13984543145Dictionthe word choices made by a writer29
13984543146Didactichaving the primary purpose of teaching or instructing30
13984543147Dilemmasituation that requires a decision between equally attractive or unattractive alternatives31
13984543148Dissonancetwo or more things or ideas that just don't belong together32
13984543150Ellipsesthe omission of a word or phrase that is grammatically necessary but can be deduced from the context33
13984543151Epiphanya moment of sudden revelation or insight34
13984543154Epitheta compound adjective used to point out a characteristic of a person35
13984543155Ethosan appeal to credibility or character or togetherness.36
13984543156Eulogya formal speech praising a person who has died37
13984543157Euphemisman indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant38
13984543158Exclamatory sentencea sentence expressing strong feeling39
13984543159Expletivean interjection to lend emphasis, sometimes a profanity (cuss words)40
13984543161Figurative languagelanguage employing one or more figures of speech41
13984543162First PersonA point of view that includes the speaker, i.e. I, me, my, we, us, our, etc42
13984543163Genrea major category or type of literature43
13984543164Homilya sermon, or a moralistic lecture44
13984543165Hubrisexcessive pride or arrogance45
13984543166Hyperboleintentional exaggeration to create an effect46
13984543167Hypothetical question/ Rhetorical questiona question that raises a conjecture, or supposition47
13984543168Idioman expression in a given language that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words48
13984543169Imagerythe use of figures of speech to create vivid images that appeal to one of the senses49
13984543170Implicationa suggestion an author or speaker makes without stating it directly50
13984543171Inductive reasoningthe main point appears at the end51
13984543172Inferencea conclusion one draws based on premises or evidence52
13984543173Invectivean intensely vehement, highly emotional verbal attack53
13984543174Ironyan unexpected and unlikely outcome54
13984543175Jargonthe specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession55
13984543176Juxtapositionplacing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast56
13984543178LogosAn appeal to logic57
13984543180Maxima concise statement, often offering advice; an adage58
13984543181Metaphora direct comparison of two different things59
13984543182Metonymytaking the part for the whole, but not literally60
13984543183Moodthe emotional atmosphere of a work61
13984543184Mytha traditional story presenting supernatural characters and episodes that help explain natural events62
13984543185Narrativea story or narrated account63
13984543186Narratorthe one who tells the story64
13984543187Non sequituran inference that does not follow logically from the premises65
13984543188Onomatopoeiaa word formed from the imitation of natural sounds66
13984543189Oxymoronan expression in which two words that contradict each other are joined67
13984543190Parablea simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson68
13984543191Paradoxan apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth69
13984543192Parallelismthe use of corresponding grammatical or syntactical forms70
13984543193Paraphrasea restatement of a text in a different form or in different words71
13984543194Parodya humorous imitation of a serious work72
13984543195Parentheticala comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to qualify or explain and uses parentheses to do so73
13984543196Pathosan appeal to emotion74
13984543197Pedanticcharacterized by an excessive display of learning or scholarship coming from a place of assumed authority or superiority75
13984543198Personificationendowing non-human objects or creatures with human qualities76
13984543202Puna play on words achieved through words with similar sounds but different meanings77
13984543204Rhetoricthe art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner78
13984543205Rhetorical Questiona question asked merely for effect and not requiring an answer79
13984543206Rhetorical Devicesliterary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression80
13984543207Sarcasmharsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule81
13984543208Satirethe use of humor, exaggeration or derision to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections82
13984543209Scapegoata person or group that bears the blame for another83
13984543211Settingthe time, place, and environment in which action takes place84
13984543212Similea comparison of two things using "like" or "as"85
13984543213Simple sentencea sentence consisting of one independent clause86
13984543216Syllogisma three-part deductive argument87
13984543217Symbolan object that is used to represent something else88
13984543218Synecdochepart for the whole, literally "Nice threads"--threads stands in for clothing, and thread is literally part of clothing, so part for the whole, literally.89
13984543219Synesthesiadescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another90
13984543220Syntaxthe manner in which words are arranged into sentences91
13984543221Tautologyproviding useless clarification--dead corpse, male boy, wet water, etc.92
13984543222Telegraphic SentenceA very short sentence, usually no more than four words long93
13984543223Themea central idea of a work94
13984543224Third PersonPoint of view not involving the speaker. He, She, her, him, they, etc.95
13984543225Tonethe attitude of a writer toward the subject or audience96
13984543226Triteoverused and hackneyed, meaning it's become an annoying cliche97
13984543227Understatementa deliberate under-emphasis98
13984656301Artificedeception; trickery99
13984690066Stereotypea generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people100
13984711236objectiveFactual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased101
13984719602Subjectivebased on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions102
13984728163appeal to false authorityThis fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.103
13984738329Achaic dictionOld-fashioned or outdated choice of words104
13984748180contextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.105
13984756578Counterargumentan argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.106
13984777629Hasty GeneralizationA fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.107
13984784351PersonaGreek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.108
13984789256qualifiera word or phrase that clarifies, modifies, or limits the meaning of another word or phrase109
13984797884RefutationThe part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.110
13984805207SyntaxSentence structure111
13984813003WitThe use of humor, laughter or irony in the confirmation or refutation of an argument.112
13984829350Awesomeinspiring awe or admiration or wonder (aka YOU).113

AP English Language & Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
14502972487Rhetoricthe art of using words effectively in writing or speaking so as to influence of persuade.0
14556862053Mnemonicsfor analyzing texts1
14556863554SoapStone - Used to analyze textsS-Subject : what is the topic of the text ? O-Occasion: why is the speech being delivered or passage written? Is it a special event? A-Audience: With who is the writer or speaker communicating? How do you know ? Which words tell you? Purpose: what is the audience supposed to do? What lesson should they learn? How is the audience supposed to feel at the end? S-Speaker: (or author) is the speaker a reliable person to discuss this topic? What qualifications does he or she possess? T-Tone: What is the tone or attitude of the speaker or author towards the subject ?2
14556876673Smell- used analyze advertising or other persuasive texts.S- Sender-receiver relationship: Who is the target audience? Why is the sender using this language and/or these images? M-Message: summarize the statements made. E-Effect: What is the desired effect? What does the author want the reader to do ? L-Logic: What type of reasoning is at work? Consider images as well as words. Ho does its presence or absence affect the message? L-Language: How does the language of the text affect the meaning? How does it make the text more effective? Remember to consider images as well as words.3
14556896314Didls- used when considering descriptive passagesD-Diction : Which words does the author use that are unusual or effective? I-Images: What specific images does the write enable you to envision clearly? Details: Which details- visual, auditory, etc, does the writer develop to help develop his main idea? L-Language: What do you notice about the ay the author puts the sentences together? Is it simple? Complicated? Is the author writing for people who know a lot or a little about the topic already? S-Syntax: Does the length of the sentence affect the topic? Does it affect the way you react?4
14557032244Ad hominem fallacy(Latin for " to the man") A fallacy of logic in which a person's character or motive is attacked instead of that person's argument5
14557039106Ad populum fallacyLatin for "to the crowd") A fallacy of logic in which the widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true of right.6
14557046390Allegorya story in which the people, places, and things represent general concepts or moral qualities.7
14557052596Analogya comparison between two things in which the more complex is explained in terms of the more simple.8
14557057448Anecdotea short entertaining account of some happening, frequently personal or biographical9
14557061049anticlimaxa sudden drop from the dignified or important in thought or expression to the commonplace or trivial, often for humorous effect.10
14557066052Appeal to Authoritycitation of information from people recognized for their special knowledge of a subject for the purpose of strengthening a speaker or writer's arguments.11
14557070593Argumentationexploration of a problem by investigating all sides of it: persuasion through reason.12
14557078599Begging the questiona fallacy of logical argument that assumes as true the very thing that one is trying to prove.13
14557081829Cause and effectexamination of the causes and/or effects of a situation or phenomenon.14
14557083625Chronological orderingarrangement in the order in which things occur; may move from past to present or in reverse chronological order, from present to past.15
14557100491Classification as a means of orderingarrangement of objects according to class.16
14557104541Colloquial expressionwords and phrases used in everyday speech but avoided in formal writing.17
14557107102Damming with faint praiseintentional se of a positive statement that has a negative implication.18
14557111472deductiona form of reasoning that begins with a generalization, then applies the generalization to a specific case or cases; opposite to induction.19
14557115641digressiona temporary departure from the main subject in speaking or writing.20
14557121140Ellipsisin grammar, the omission of a word or words necessary for complete construction but understood in context. (...)21
14557124813Euphemismthe use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but that is also less distasteful or less offensive than another.22
14557129851expository writingwriting that explains or analyzes.23
14557137358False dilemmaa fallacy of logical argument which is committed when too few of the available alternatives are considered, and all but one are assessed and deemed impossible or unacceptable24
14557140234Hyperbolean extravagant exaggeration of fact, used either for serious or comic effect.25
14557143498Imagerylively descriptions which impress the images of things upon the mind; figures of speech26
14557149009Inductiona form of reasoning which works from a body of fact to the formulation of a generalization; opposite to deduction; frequently used as the principal form of reasoning in science and history.27
14557154701Inverted syntaxreversing the normal word order of a sentence Irony- a method of humorous or sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning f the words is the opposite of their usual meaning28
14557158616Litoesin rhetoric, a figure in which an affirmative is expressed by a negation of the contrary.29
14557162653Metaphora figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another by being spoken of as though it were that thing.30
14557167022non sequiturstatement that does not follow logically from what preceded it.31
14557170308Order of importancea method of organizing a paper according to the relative significance of the subtopics.32
14557171642Oxymorona figure of speech in which contradictory terms or ideas are combined.33
14557174636Parablea short story from which a lesson may be drawn; Christ used the parable to teach his followers moral truth.34
14557183813Parallel syntactic structuresusing the same part of speech or syntactic structure in each element of a series before and after coordinating conjunction ( and , but, yet, or, for, nor) and after each of a pair of correlative conjunction (not only but also, neither...nor,both..an,etc.35
14557191740Paradoxa statement which seems self-contradictory, but which may be true in fact.36
14557198788Parodya literary composition which imitates the characteristic style of a serious work or writer and uses its features to treat trivial nonsensical material in an attempt at humor or satire.37
14557202717pedantrya display of narrow minded and trivial scholarship or arbitrary adherence to rules and forms.38
14557208456personificationa figure of speech in which and inanimate object or abstract concept is endowed with human attributes39
14557214744Periodic sentence structurea sentence written so that the full meaning cannot be understood until the end.40
14557219759Persuasiontaking a single position for the purpose of getting others to accept that position; may appeal to emotion or reason.41
14557224015Point of viewthe way in which something is viewed or considered by a writer or speaker; in fiction, it is the relationship assumed between the teller of a story and the characters in it, usually demonstrated by the author's use of either first or third person.42
14557233045Post hoc fallacy(from the Latin; post hoc, ergo propter hoc meaning "after this therefore because of this"). This fallacy of logic occurs when the writer assume that an incident that precedes another is the cause of the second incident43
14557243400Rhetorical questiona question asked for rhetorical effect to emphasize a point, no answer being expected44
14557255819Satirea literary work in which vices, abuses, absurdities, etc., are geld up to ridicule and contempt; use of ridicule, sarcasm, irony, etc. to expose vices, abuses, etc.45
14557264607similea figure of speech involving a comparison using like or as46
14557270241Spatial orderingorganization of information using spatial cues such as top to bottom, left to right, etc47
14557274888Syllogisma form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them; a form of deductive reasoning48
14557283608Symbolsomething that stands for another thing; frequently an object used to represent and abstraction49
14557287329Syntaxin grammar, the arrangement of words as elements in a sentence to show their relationship.50
14557290097Tonea way of wording or expressing things that expresses an attitude.51
14557294287Understatementdeliberately representing something as much less than it really is.52

Chapter 17 AP World History Review Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
12977552961The economic development of Latin America depended heavily onforeign capital0
12977552962why did industrialization first occur in Europe?European rulers fostered unusually close alliances with their merchant class.1
12977552963what explanation for Europe's Industrial Revolution that most historians criticize as Eurocentric and deterministic?Unique features of European society, economy, or history gave it long-term advantage and head start in Industrialization.2
12977552964what arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry and technology.until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, and China enjoyed similar levels of economic development3
12977552965what has been offered as an explanation for why Britain was the first European country to industrialize?Britain had a supply of coal and iron ore, the resources that fueled industrialization.4
12977552966In what parts of the world did industrialization lead to major social transformations?Britain, US, and Japan5
12977552967In 19th century Britain, women from the laboring classes found jobs asfactory workers and servants6
12977552968How did the working class movement in Britain differ from the one in Russia?It advocated a reformist program and a reformist transformation to socialism7
12977552969What was the reason for the failure of socialism to take root in the United States?The availability of cheap land and high rates of home ownership8
12977552970What played a greater role in industrial development in Russia than in the US or Western Europe?The state9
12977552971Industrialization was associated with violent social revolution only inRussia10
12977552972What agricultural break through sustained the Industrial Revolution?The use of gaunt excrement as fertilizer11
12977552973What best describes the situation in Latin America after Independence?Internal divisions, regional revolts, and foreign wars created political instability.12
12977552974In what way did the Industrial Revolution transform the human relationship to the natural world?People learned to access energy resources derived from outside the biosphere for industrializing countries13
12977552975describe how the movement toward industrialization in the 19th century affected Latin America?Latin America provided the food products, raw materials, and markets.14
12977552976Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?Great Britain/Europe/England15
12977552977In the 18th century, how did the industrial revolution solve an emerging energy crisis?It introduced the use of coal, oil, and natural gas as sources of fuel.16
12977552978how did Britain's geography affect its industrial revolution?coal and iron ore deposits were abundant and close together.17
12977552979What increased in production as a result of the industrial revolution?mining, manufacturing, and service18
12977552980What group benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century?The middle class19
12977552981In 19th century Britain, most members of the aristocracy derived their wealth fromLand ownership20
12977552982What made global migration an appealing option for many Europeans during the nineteenth century?The demand for labor overseas21
12977552983What describes a feature of Karl Marx's vision of the society he predicted would emerge after the collapse of capitalism?A society without classes22
12977552984What group in the united states in the early twentieth century supported reforms to improve working conditions and called for greater government intervention in the economy?The Progressives23
12977552985Most of the European capital invested in Latin America was used to financeRailroads24
12977552986What was the only country in Latin America to experience a nationwide revolution in the early 20th century?Mexico25
12977552987What phrase that has been used to describe the form of economic growth in Latin America in the 19th and early 20th centuries?Dependent Development26
12977552988What was a value associated with middle class culture in the 19th century Britain?Respectability27
12977552989what was the factors that pushed many Europeans to immigrate in the 19th century?The decline in peasant farming in their homelands.28
12977552990what was the reason for US intervention in Central America in the early 20th century?Economic gain29

Vocab 2- AP Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
15015183394IllusoryDeceptive; misleading0
15015183395ChastiseTo discipline; to punish1
15015183396StoicismSelf-control; self-discipline2
15015183397AscribeTo attribute; to assign3
15015183398FigmentInvention; illusion4
15015183399BumptiousAggressive; overbearing5
15015183400ConjectureTo guess; to imagine6
15015183401FiatArbitrary order; decree7
15015183402AnnealTo strengthen; to toughen8
15015183403TranscendentExceeding; unique9
15015183404LamentTo express sorrow; to complain10
15015183405VerbiageWordiness; long-windedness11
15015183406HypercriticalOverly critical; abusive12
15015183407PedagogueEducator; instructor13
15015183408TemporizeTo delay; to put off14
15015183409ConsignTo hand over; to deliver15
15015183410MollifyTo soften; to appease16
15015183411IndubitableBeyond doubt; not questionable17
15015183412GenreSpecies; type18
15015183413ObeseFat; overweight19

AP Language Set I Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
13178400157DESPOTISMthe cruel exercise of absolute power0
13178400158RECTITUDEmoral uprightness1
13178400159NASCENTbeginning to exist or develop2
13178400160IMPETUSa moving force, impulse, stimulus3
13178400161ENGENDERproduce, cause, give rise to4
13178400162VICISSITUDEa change or variation; ups and downs5
13178400163RENEGEto fail to honor a commitment; to go back on a promise6
13178400164PROLIFERATEto reproduce or spread rapidly7
13178400165GERMANErelevant/appropriate8
13178400166EFFACEto erase9
13178400167EFFUSIVEemotionally excessive; overly demonstrative10
13178400168COGENTpowerfully convincing11
13178400169GRATIUITOUSuncalled for, unwarranted12
13178400170VOLITIONwill; conscious choice13
13178400171PROXIMITYnearness, closeness14
13178400172ABSTRUSEhard to understand because of complexity/abstractness; is also esoteric15
13178400173INSATIABLEimpossible to satisfy16
13178400174VORACIOUSexceedingly eager or avid17
13178400175IMPERVIOUS1. not permitting passage 2. incapable of being influenced18
13178400176CAMARADERIEgood-fellowship19
13178400177VANGUARDthe front part of an army; the forefront in any movement20
13178400178RELEGATEassign to a lower position21
13178400179SUBJUGATEto conquer by force, bring under complete control22
13178400180ICONOCLASTone who undermines traditional conventions or institutions23
13178400181DEMOGOGUEa leader who appeals to citizens' emotions to obtain power24

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