AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14508504308 | ad hominem | Latin for "to the man", a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute | 0 | |
| 14508507901 | ad populum/bandwagon appeal | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." | 1 | |
| 14508511220 | alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | 2 | |
| 14508514189 | allusion | A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art | 3 | |
| 14508517576 | analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things, usually uses something simple to explain something complex | 4 | |
| 14508520117 | anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines | 5 | |
| 14508520927 | anecdote | A brief narrative to illustrate a point or claim | 6 | |
| 14508522520 | annotation | The taking of notes directly on a text | 7 | |
| 14508525648 | antimetabole | Repetition of words in reverse order | 8 | |
| 14508530453 | antithesis | Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction | 9 | |
| 14508535197 | appeal to false authority | This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority. | 10 | |
| 14508545301 | archaic diction | Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words | 11 | |
| 14508546809 | argument | A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion. | 12 | |
| 14508552799 | Aristotelian/Rhetorical Triangle | A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text. | 13 | |
| 14508557883 | assertion | A statement that presents a claim or thesis | 14 | |
| 14508559370 | assumption/warrant | In the Toulmin model, this expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience. | 15 | |
| 14508566201 | asyndeton | Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words | 16 | |
| 14508572404 | audience | The listener, viewer, or reader of a text | 17 | |
| 14508573328 | backing | In the Toulmin model, this consists of further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority. | 18 | |
| 14508576686 | begging the question | A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. | 19 | |
| 14508596242 | circular reasoning | A fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence. | 20 | |
| 14508598256 | claim | States the argument's main idea or position | 21 | |
| 14508601875 | claim of fact | Asserts that something is true or not true | 22 | |
| 14508603172 | claim of policy | Proposes a change | 23 | |
| 14508603938 | claim of value | Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong | 24 | |
| 14508608467 | classical oration | 5 part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians (introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion) | 25 | |
| 14508613303 | introduction (exordium) | Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion | 26 | |
| 14508614658 | narration (narratio) | Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing. | 27 | |
| 14508627242 | confirmation (confirmatio) | Usually the major part of the text, includes the proof needed to make the writer's case | 28 | |
| 14508634068 | refutation (refutatio) | Addresses the counterargument; a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion | 29 | |
| 14508636264 | conclusion (peroratio) | Brings the essay to a satisfying close | 30 | |
| 14508641347 | closed thesis | A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make | 31 | |
| 14508647450 | complex sentence | A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause | 32 | |
| 14508648880 | compound sentence | two or more independent clauses | 33 | |
| 14508655553 | concession | An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. | 34 | |
| 14508662802 | connotation | Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation (often positive or negative) | 35 | |
| 14508671272 | context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding an event | 36 | |
| 14508677683 | counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward | 37 | |
| 14508680330 | cumulative sentence | A sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on | 38 | |
| 14508684117 | deduction | A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise) and applying it to a specific case (a minor premise) | 39 | |
| 14508695207 | diction | A writer's or speaker's choice of words | 40 | |
| 14508696755 | either/or (false dilemma) | In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices | 41 | |
| 14508713011 | enthymeme | Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated | 42 | |
| 14508729890 | equivocation | A fallacy that uses a term with two or more meanings in an attempt to misrepresent or deceive. | 43 | |
| 14508745266 | ethos | Greek for "character." Speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Ethos is established by both who you are and what you say. | 44 | |
| 14508746557 | (logical) fallacy | Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument | 45 | |
| 14508746558 | faulty analogy | A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable | 46 | |
| 14508754406 | figurative language | Non-literal language often evoking strong imagery | 47 | |
| 14508760055 | first-hand evidence | Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events. | 48 | |
| 14508761918 | hasty generalization | A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence. | 49 | |
| 14508766738 | hortative sentence | A sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action | 50 | |
| 14508771980 | hyperbole | A deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point | 51 | |
| 14508774212 | imagery | Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) | 52 | |
| 14508776664 | imperative sentence | A sentence used to command or enjoin | 53 | |
| 14508777227 | induction | Latin: inducere (meaning "to lead into"); a logical process whereby the writer reasons from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization | 54 | |
| 14508783878 | inversion | Inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order) | 55 | |
| 14508788652 | irony | A figure of speech that occurs when a speaker or character says one thing but means another, or when what is said is the opposite of what is meant, creating a noticeable incongruity | 56 | |
| 14508794172 | juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts | 57 | |
| 14508798983 | logos | Greek for "embodied thought." Speakers appeal to logos, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up. | 58 | |
| 14508800330 | metaphor | A comparison without using like or as | 59 | |
| 14508801602 | metonymy | A figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing related to it | 60 | |
| 14508819588 | modifier | An adjective, adverb, phrase, or clause that modifies a noun, pronoun, or verb. The purpose is usually to describe, focus, or qualify. | 61 | |
| 14508820305 | mood | Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader | 62 | |
| 14508820805 | narration | The factual and background information, establishing why a subject or problem needs addressing | 63 | |
| 14508824728 | nominalization | The process of changing a verb into a noun | 64 | |
| 14508825096 | occasion | The time and place a speech is given or a piece is written | 65 | |
| 14508826166 | open thesis | One that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay | 66 | |
| 14508828183 | oxymoron | A paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words | 67 | |
| 14508829307 | paradox | A statement or situation that is seemingly contradictory on the surface, but delivers an ironic truth. | 68 | |
| 14508832552 | parallelism | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses | 69 | |
| 14508833500 | pathos | Greek for "suffering" or "experience." Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeals to pathos might play on the audience's values, desires, and hopes, on the one hand, or fears and prejudices, on the other. | 70 | |
| 14508836537 | periodic sentence | Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end | 71 | |
| 14508837159 | peroration | the concluding part of a speech that typically appeals to pathos | 72 | |
| 14508840935 | persona | Greek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience. | 73 | |
| 14508842840 | personification | Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea | 74 | |
| 14508938523 | polemic | Greek for "hostile." An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others; generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit. | 75 | |
| 14508941010 | polysyndeton | Deliberate use of many conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words | 76 | |
| 14508946426 | post hoc ergo propter hoc | This fallacy is Latin for "after which therefore because of which," meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier. One may loosely summarize this fallacy by saying that correlation does not imply causation. | 77 | |
| 14508975407 | propaganda | the spread of ideas and information to further a cause; in the negative sense, it is the use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics to damage or promote a cause | 78 | |
| 14508994160 | purpose | The goal the speaker wants to achieve | 79 | |
| 14508997636 | qualified argument | An argument that is not absolute. It acknowledges the merits of an opposing view, but develops a stronger case for its own position. | 80 | |
| 14508999340 | qualifier | In the Toulmin model, this uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to temper the claim, making it less absolute. | 81 | |
| 14509000862 | qualitative evidence | Evidence supported by reason, tradition, or precedent | 82 | |
| 14509011213 | quantitative evidence | Includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers-for instance, statistics, surveys, polls, census information. | 83 | |
| 14509015393 | rebuttal | In the Toulmin model, this gives voice to possible objections | 84 | |
| 14509017663 | refutation | A denial of the validity of an opposing argument | 85 | |
| 14509021117 | reservation | In the Toulmin model, this explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier. | 86 | |
| 14509021962 | rhetoric | Aristotle defined this as "the faulty of observing in any given case the available mean of persuasion"; art of finding ways to persuade an audience | 87 | |
| 14509034804 | rhetorical appeals | Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion). | 88 | |
| 14509035618 | rhetorical question | Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer | 89 | |
| 14509042194 | Rogerian Argument | Developed by psychiatrist Carl Rogers, based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating | 90 | |
| 14509047823 | satire | The use of irony or sarcasm to critique society or an individual | 91 | |
| 14509053927 | scheme | Artful syntax; a deviation from the normal order of words; include parallelism, juxtaposition, antithesis, and antimetabole. | 92 | |
| 14509055272 | second-hand evidence | Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitative data. | 93 | |
| 14509056514 | simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" | 94 | |
| 14509059329 | SOAPS | Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker | 95 | |
| 14509059918 | speaker | The person or group who creates a text | 96 | |
| 14509061406 | stance | A speaker's attitude toward the audience (differing from tone, the speaker's attitude toward the subject) | 97 | |
| 14509062162 | straw man | A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea. | 98 | |
| 14509068728 | subject | The topic of a text. What the text is about. | 99 | |
| 14509069297 | syllogism | A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion | 100 | |
| 14509074731 | synecdoche | Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole | 101 | |
| 14509088115 | syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language (ex. subject-verb-object) | 102 | |
| 14509090746 | synthesize | Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex. | 103 | |
| 14509091693 | text | While this term generally means the written word, in the humanities it has come to mean any cultural product that can be "read" - meaning not just consumed and comprehended, but investigated. This includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, political cartoons, fine art, photography, performances, fashion, cultural trends, and much more. | 104 | |
| 14509093650 | tone | A speaker's attitude toward the subject conveyed by the speaker's stylistic and rhetorical choices. | 105 | |
| 14509098707 | Toulmin Model | An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin. Template: Because (evidence as support), therefore (claim), since (warrant or assumption), on account of (backing), unless (reservation). | 106 | |
| 14509107979 | trope | Artful diction; from the Greek word for "turning," a figure of speech such as metaphor, simile, hyperbole, metonymy, or synecdoche. | 107 | |
| 14509110253 | understatement | A figure of speech in which something is presented as less important, dire, urgent, good, etc. than it actually is, often for satiric or comical effect. Also called litotes, it is the opposite of a hyperbole. | 108 | |
| 14509124666 | wit | In rhetoric, the use of laughter, humor, irony, and satire in the confirmation or refutation of an argument. | 109 | |
| 14509125842 | zeugma | Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings | 110 |
Flashcards
AP Words Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14649187313 | Appeals | An earnest request for aid, support, sympathy, mercy, etc.; entreaty; petition; plea. | 0 | |
| 14649187315 | Audience | A regular public that manifests interest, support, enthusiasm, or the like | 1 | |
| 14649187314 | Assessment | An evaluation | 2 | |
| 14649187316 | Attitude | Manner, disposition, feeling, position, etc.... with regard to a person or thing; tendency or orientation, especially of the mind | 3 | |
| 14649203167 | Appeals Example | The college appealed to its alumni for funds | 4 | |
| 14649203168 | Assessment Example | The SAT is an assessment to evaluate ones knowledge | 5 | |
| 14649203169 | Audience Example | Every art form has its audience | 6 | |
| 14649203170 | Attitude Example | I have a positive attitude towards Calvary | 7 | |
| 14755913882 | Context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. | 8 | |
| 14755913883 | Context Example | The Context of Genesis 1 is the Creation | 9 | |
| 14755913884 | Occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written | 10 | |
| 14755913885 | Occasion Example | MLK gave his speech on August 28, 1963 in Washington D.C. | 11 | |
| 14755913886 | Purpose | the goal the speaker wants to achieve | 12 | |
| 14755913887 | Purpose Example | The purpose of the Bible is to b filled on God's word so that I can spread it | 13 | |
| 14755913888 | Speaker | The person or group who creates a text | 14 | |
| 14755913889 | Speaker Example | The speaker of Sunday's sermon was Pastor Frank | 15 | |
| 14755913890 | Persona | Greek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience. | 16 | |
| 14755913891 | Persona Example | My persona during Grease was an annoying cheerleader who just wanted Danny | 17 | |
| 14755913892 | Subject | The topic of a text. What the text is about. | 18 | |
| 14755913893 | Subject Example | Th subject of my devo this morning was how to trust God with anxiety | 19 | |
| 14911615557 | Allusion | brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art | 20 | |
| 14911615558 | Allusion Example | The article mentioned the Bible which is an allusion | 21 | |
| 14911615559 | Antithesis | opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction | 22 | |
| 14911615560 | Antithesis Example | "Setting foot on the moon may be a small step for a man bu a giant step for mankind" | 23 | |
| 14911615561 | Archaic Diction | old-fashioned or outdated choice of words | 24 | |
| 14911615562 | Archaic Diction Example | Shakespeare words | 25 | |
| 14911615563 | Bias | A prejudice or preconceived notion that prevents a person from approaching a topic in a neutral or an objective way | 26 | |
| 14911615564 | Bias Example | I am bias when I side with someone in an argument because they're my friend | 27 | |
| 14911615565 | Diction | a speaker or writer's choice of words. Analysis of diction looks at these choices and what they add to the speaker's message | 28 | |
| 14911615566 | Diction Example | The writers diction created a professional and serious atmosphere | 29 | |
| 15041936292 | Ethos | Speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic | 30 | |
| 15041936293 | Ethos example | As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results. | 31 | |
| 15041936294 | Pathos | Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience | 32 | |
| 15041936295 | Pathos example | A cup of coffee can provide one child with a healthy, nutritious meal for day. | 33 | |
| 15041936296 | Logos | Speakers appeal to logos, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up | 34 | |
| 15041936297 | Logos example | A snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That's not very healthy. | 35 | |
| 15041936298 | Counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward | 36 | |
| 15041936299 | Counterargument example | Gym class should be optional even though you say it should be mandatory | 37 | |
| 15041936300 | Concession | An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable | 38 | |
| 15041936301 | Concession example | I know candy is bad for you but it's really good comfort food | 39 | |
| 15041936302 | Refutation | A denial of the validity of an opposing argument | 40 | |
| 15041936303 | Refutation example | A defense attorney would refute the prosecutor's statement that his client is guilty by providing evidence or logical statements that refute the claim | 41 | |
| 15161413185 | Propaganda | Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. | 42 | |
| 15161488459 | Propaganda Example | MLK Letter | 43 | |
| 15161488460 | Polemic | controversy; argument; verbal attack | 44 | |
| 15161488461 | Polemic Example | dance moms fights lol | 45 | |
| 15161488462 | Connotation | All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests | 46 | |
| 15161488463 | Connotation Example | the word "overweight" has a negative connotation | 47 | |
| 15161488464 | Denotation | The dictionary definition of a word | 48 | |
| 15161488465 | Denotation Example | The definition of overweight is .... | 49 | |
| 15275908922 | Qualified Arguments | An argument that is not absolute. | 50 | |
| 15275938237 | Qualified argument example | my mom trying to tell me taking my phone away will make me learn | 51 | |
| 15275944224 | Bias | prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. | 52 | |
| 15275955741 | Bias example | I am biased when I say juniors should win spirit week | 53 | |
| 15275960724 | Deduction | the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example | 54 | |
| 15275967966 | Deduction Example | Points were deducted because my toes weren't pointed | 55 | |
| 15275976432 | Equivocation | A fallacy that uses a term with two or more meanings in an attempt to misrepresent or deceive. | 56 | |
| 15275981429 | Equivocation example | The sign said "fine for parking here", and since it was fine, I parked there. | 57 | |
| 15275989296 | Hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. | 58 | |
| 15275991894 | Hyperbole example | I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. | 59 |
Ap language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8959017528 | Diction | the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing | 0 | |
| 8959030911 | Syntax | the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. | 1 | |
| 8959041913 | Tone | the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation | 2 | |
| 8959041914 | Mood | temporary state of mind or feeling. | 3 | |
| 8959049010 | Imagery | visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work. | 4 | |
| 8959049011 | Oxymoron | figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction | 5 | |
| 8959053968 | Zeugma | figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different sense | 6 | |
| 8959057443 | Satire | se of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. | 7 | |
| 8959065877 | Metaphors | figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. | 8 | |
| 8959065878 | Similes | figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid | 9 | |
| 8959078352 | Personification | Giving human characteristics or qualitysto animals or objects | 10 | |
| 8959078353 | Hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. | 11 | |
| 8959084417 | Parallelism | HE CAMe he saw Hebert conquered its repeats | 12 | |
| 8959084418 | Juxtaposition | fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. | 13 | |
| 8959089735 | Antithesis | contrast or opposition between two things | 14 | |
| 8959089736 | Compound | thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture | 15 | |
| 8959093287 | Complex | sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses. | 16 | |
| 8959093288 | Periodic | appearing or occurring at intervals./ appearing in order | 17 | |
| 8959096851 | Cumulative | increasing or increased in quantity, degree, or force by successive additions. | 18 | |
| 8959096852 | Imperative | of vital importance; crucial. | 19 | |
| 8959136770 | Pacing | how fast a story unfolds. | 20 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World History Chapter 10 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 15478433058 | Classical Greek Learning | an infusion of Greek rationalism into Europe's universities that shaped intellectual development for several centuries; featured the philosophies of Aristotle, Plato and Socrates | 0 | |
| 15478433059 | Byzantine Empire | Term used by modern historians to refer to the surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries | 1 | |
| 15478433060 | caesaropapism | A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire | 2 | |
| 15478433061 | Charlemagne | Ruler of the Carolingian Empire who staged an imperial revival in Western Europe | 3 | |
| 15478433062 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire and gradually separated, mostly on matters of practice, from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe | 4 | |
| 15478433063 | Roman Catholic Christianity | Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break in 1054 CE that has still not been healed | 5 | |
| 15478433064 | Constantinople | New capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, established by Emperor Constantine on the site of the ancient Greek city of Byzantium; Constantinople's site helped assure the city's cultural and strategic importance for many centuries | 6 | |
| 15478433065 | Crusades | Modern term used to describe the "holy wars" waged by Western Christendom from 1095 CE until the end of the Middle Ages and beyond; Crusades could only be declared by the pope and were marked by participants swearing a vow and receiving an indulgence in return. | 7 | |
| 15478433066 | Cyril and Methodius | Byzantine missionaries to the Slavs whose development of Cyrillic script made it possible to write Slavic languages | 8 | |
| 15478433067 | Cyrillic | Alphabet based on Greek letters that was developed by Byzantine missionaries, Cyril and Methodius, to write Slavic languages. | 9 | |
| 15478433068 | European cities | Western Europe saw a major process of urbanization beginning in the 11th century, with towns that created major trade networks and that were notable for the high degree of independence they enjoyed | 10 | |
| 15478433069 | Greek fire | form of liquid fire that could be sprayed at the enemy; invented by the Byzantines and very important in the efforts to halt Arab advance into Byzantine territory | 11 | |
| 15478433070 | guild | An association formed by people pursuing the same line of work that regulates their professions and also provides a social and religious network for members | 12 | |
| 15478433071 | Holy Roman Empire | Term invented to describe the Germany-based empire founded by Otto I in 962 CE | 13 | |
| 15478433072 | hybrid civilization | The distinctive path of Western Europe in the centuries following the fall of the western Roman Empire, leading to a society that included elements of ancient Rome, the practices of Germanic invaders who formed new states, Christianity, and elements of pre-Roman culture that still survived | 14 | |
| 15478433073 | iconoclasm | a term most often used to describe the Byzantine state policy of image destruction | 15 | |
| 15478433074 | indulgence | A remission of the penalty (penance) for confessed sin that could be granted only by a pope | 16 | |
| 15478433075 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor noted for his short-lived reconquest of much of the former western Roman Empire and for his codification of Roman law. | 17 | |
| 15478433076 | Kievan Rus | State that emerged around the city of Kiev in the 9th century CE; a culturally diverse region that included Vikings as well as Finnic and Baltic peoples. The conversion of Vladimir, the grand price of Kiev, to Orthodox Christianity in 988 CE had long-term implications for Russia | 18 | |
| 15478433077 | natural philosophy | The scientific study of nature which developed, especially in Europe, in the later Middle Ages | 19 | |
| 15478433078 | Otto I | King of Germany who built a consolidated German-northern Italian state and was crowned emperor, creating what became known in time as the "Holy Roman Empire" | 20 | |
| 15478433079 | system of competing states | The distinctive organization of Western European political life that developed after the fall of the western Roman Empire in which the existence of many small, independent states encouraged military and economic competition | 21 | |
| 15478433080 | Vikings | Scandinavian raiders who had an impact on much of Western Europe; their more peaceful cousins also founded colonies including Newfoundland, Greenland, and Iceland | 22 | |
| 15478433081 | Prince Vladimir | Grand prince of Kiev whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy. | 23 |
Flashcards
AP German Persuasive Essay Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9679222919 | Im Text steht, dass... | The text states that... | 0 | |
| 9679222920 | Laut Quellematerial 1 + V + S | According to source material 1 + V + S | 1 | |
| 9679222921 | Meiner Meinung nach + V + S | In my view + V + S | 2 | |
| 9679222922 | Laut des Artikels / der Grafik / des Hörtextes... | According to the article / graphics / the spoken text... | 3 | |
| 9679222923 | In der ersten/zweiten Quelle steht, dass... | In the first / second source it means that... | 4 | |
| 9679222924 | Zum Schluss kann man sagen, dass... | Finally, you can say that ... | 5 | |
| 9679222925 | Zum Beispiel / beispielsweise + V + S | For example / for example + V + S | 6 | |
| 9679222926 | Im Vergleich zu... | Compared to... | 7 | |
| 9679222927 | Im Gegensatz zu... | In contrast to... | 8 | |
| 9679222928 | deshalb | that's why | 9 | |
| 9679222929 | darum | therefore | 10 | |
| 9679222930 | trotzdem | nevertheless | 11 | |
| 9679222931 | Auf jeden fall | In any case | 12 | |
| 9679222932 | Einerseits / andererseits | On the one hand / on the other hand | 13 |
Pages
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