Flashcards
AP Language Summer Assignment Flashcards
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| 14701240909 | Diction | the word choices made by a writer | 0 | |
| 14701242944 | Figurative Language | language employing one or more figures of speech (simile, metaphor, imagery, etc.) | 1 | |
| 14701243656 | Rhetoric | the art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner | 2 | |
| 14701244791 | Rhetorical Devices | literary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression | 3 | |
| 14701245132 | Structure | the arrangement or framework of a sentence, paragraph, or entire work | 4 | |
| 14701245133 | Style | the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work | 5 | |
| 14701246219 | Syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. | 6 | |
| 14701246905 | Theme | the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic. | 7 | |
| 14701246906 | Thesis | the primary position taken by a writer or speaker | 8 | |
| 14701246907 | Tone | A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels. | 9 | |
| 14701246908 | Absolute | complete; totally unlimited; certain | 10 | |
| 14701247434 | Allegory | A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions | 11 | |
| 14701248162 | Allusion | an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. | 12 | |
| 14701248163 | Analogy | A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way | 13 | |
| 14701248164 | Anecdote | A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event. | 14 | |
| 14701248165 | Aphorism | A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life. | 15 | |
| 14701248930 | Argumentation | one of the four forms of discourse which uses logic, ethics, and emotional appeals (logos, ethos, pathos) to develop an effective means to convince the reader to think or act in a certain way. | 16 | |
| 14701248931 | Climax | the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex. | 17 | |
| 14701249574 | Colloguialism | informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing | 18 | |
| 14701249575 | Concrete Details | details that relate to or describe actual, specific things or events | 19 | |
| 14701249576 | Connotation | All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests | 20 | |
| 14701250088 | Deductive Reasoning | the process of applying a general statement to specific facts or situations | 21 | |
| 14701250089 | Denotation | the literal meaning of a word | 22 | |
| 14701250090 | Dialect | a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group. | 23 | |
| 14701250679 | Didactic Statement | having the primary purpose of teaching or instructing. Ex: "I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors." Barack Obama | 24 | |
| 14701250680 | Ethos | beliefs or character of a group | 25 | |
| 14701250681 | Euphemism | a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. | 26 | |
| 14701251251 | Hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. | 27 | |
| 14701251252 | Idiom | a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words | 28 | |
| 14701251672 | Imagery | visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work. | 29 | |
| 14701251673 | Inductive Reasoning | reasoning from detailed facts to general principles | 30 | |
| 14701251674 | Inference | A conclusion one can draw from the presented details. | 31 | |
| 14701251675 | Irony | the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. | 32 | |
| 14701251994 | Jargon | nonsensical talk; specialized language | 33 | |
| 14701251995 | Juxtaposition | the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. | 34 | |
| 14701251996 | Logos | an appeal based on logic or reason | 35 | |
| 14701252378 | Maxim | A concise statement, often offering advice; an adage | 36 | |
| 14701252379 | Metaphor | a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. | 37 | |
| 14701252738 | non sequitur | an idea that does not follow | 38 | |
| 14701252380 | Mood | How the reader feels about the text while reading. | 39 | |
| 14701253168 | Paradox | a contradiction or dilemma | 40 | |
| 14701253169 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 41 | |
| 14701253170 | Pathos | a quality that evokes pity or sadness | 42 | |
| 14701253724 | Rhetorical Question | figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer | 43 | |
| 14701253725 | Sarcasm | harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule | 44 | |
| 14701253726 | Scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect. | 45 | |
| 14701254199 | Trope | a figurative or metaphorical use of a word or expression | 46 | |
| 14701254689 | Understatement | A statement that says less than what is meant | 47 | |
| 14701254690 | Vernacular | the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region. | 48 | |
| 14701256781 | Satire | the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. | 49 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World History Chapter 6 Ethel Wood Flashcards
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| 7941795652 | (Middle Ages) (Medieval Times) (Dark Ages) | a time period of western European history from 500 to 1500 after the fall of Rome, known for its hardships, the rise of christianity, and the age of discovery (Renaissance) | 0 | |
| 7941795653 | Civilization | Generation of reliable surpluses Specialized occupations Clear social class distinctions The growth of cities Complex governments Long distance trade And organized writing systems Are all characteristics of what? | 1 | |
| 7941795654 | the Early Middle Ages (500-1000 C.E.) | an era of the middle ages where Germanic tribes began to settle in Europe, they were mostly pastoral nomads or subsistence farmers, led by tribal chieftains, very few could read and right, little long-distance trade, very small towns/villages, bubonic plague spread, and the vikings raided many parts of Europe. | 2 | |
| 7941795655 | the High Middle Ages (1000-1500 C.E.) | an era of the middle ages where signs of recovery from the early middle ages began, towns grew, long-distance trade began, social class grew more complex, and the renaissance began. | 3 | |
| 7941795656 | Christianity | the religion in Europe that regained economic, political, social, and military organization that had been lost when Rome fell. | 4 | |
| 7941795657 | Manors | large estates operated by leaders who provided protection for others, in exchange for free labor. | 5 | |
| 7941795658 | feudalism | a complex system of political and military loyalty that linked lords together in the early middle ages. | 6 | |
| 7941795659 | manorialism | an economic system in which peasants were tied to the land to supply labor to their lords in the early middle ages | 7 | |
| 7941795660 | the Franks | an empire of the early middle ages who came close to uniting western Europe, but failed, leaving its political and economic imprint on kingdoms to come. | 8 | |
| 7941795661 | Clovis | ruler of the Franks from 481 to 511 who destroyed the last vestiges of the Roman power, organized campaigns against neighboring Germanic people, and converted to Christianity which won him support. | 9 | |
| 7941795662 | Carolingian Family | the family of Charles Martel ("Charles the Hammer") who took control of the Frankish realm after the decendants of Clovis | 10 | |
| 7941795663 | Charlemagne | grandson of Charles Martel, became emperor in 800, conquered most of western Europe, defended his empire against Viking invaders, and divided his empire into counties. | 11 | |
| 7941795664 | County | a piece of land inside an empire, governed under the King's name, organized by landholders called counts. | 12 | |
| 7941795665 | Count | a powerful landholder who rules a county, but governed under the King's authority, could administer justice and raise armies. The king (Charlemagne) placed checks on their power to maintain a balance of power. | 13 | |
| 7941795666 | Missi Dominici | the eyes and ears of the king, observed the power of Counts, checking for any abuse of power. | 14 | |
| 7941795667 | Louis the Pious | the son of Charlemagne who divided his fathers empire between his 3 sons, who fought among themselves for supremacy. | 15 | |
| 7941795668 | Treaty of Verdun | a treaty that divided western Europe along 3 general linguistic and cultural borders (French, German, and Italian) | 16 | |
| 7941795669 | lords vassals overlords | a version of feudalism set in place by the Franks which consisted of 3 elites... | 17 | |
| 7941795670 | Knights (vassals) | a certain class of feudalism, were controlled by lords, owned land granted by their lords, known for wearing large amounts of armor, protected other land owners or peasants in exchange for their food or other goods/needs. | 18 | |
| 7941795671 | Serfs | a self-sufficient farming class who lived on manors, received protection, administrative justice, and the right to graze their animals from the lord of the manor, and in return were obliged to stay on the land and give a portion of their products to the lord. This decreased the amount of social mobility in the middle ages. | 19 | |
| 7941795672 | Barter | the exchange of Goods directly. The form of trade used during the early middle ages. | 20 | |
| 7941795673 | the Moldboard | an evolution of the wooden plow made of an iron plate, made work easier throughout France and Germany. | 21 | |
| 7941795674 | the Pope | the lead religious authority of the Roman Catholic Church | 22 | |
| 7941795675 | The Benedictine Rule | a set of rules written by Benedict in 540, included daily rituals of prayer, manual labor, and simple eating for priests, monks, and nuns, who were expected to be poor, chaste, and obedient. | 23 | |
| 7941795676 | b. (fish hooks) | The following are all contributing factors for the revival of Civilization during the High Middle Ages EXCEPT - a. the moldboard plow b. fish hooks c. the three-field system d. a new horse collar | 24 | |
| 7941795677 | feudalism | which political form used the early middle ages discourages the growth of strong central governments? | 25 | |
| 7941795678 | canon law | moral or behavioral rules established by the Church | 26 | |
| 7941795679 | excommunicate | the pope had this power, which was used to separate people from the church and its sacramentsb | 27 | |
| 7941795680 | interdict | one of the most powerful excommunication that the pope possessed, no babies could be baptized, no marriages would be valid in the eyes of the church, and no last rites could be read to those on their deathbeds. | 28 | |
| 7941795681 | the Holy Roman Empire | known as third rome, founded by a loose confederation of German princes, one was crowned by the pope, implying that power rested in the hands of the pope, and the princes always asserted their independence and never paid too much attention to the emperor. Feudalism remained for a period of time. The empire fell to Napoleon in 1806. | 29 | |
| 7941795682 | limited government | limits on the power of the ruler | 30 | |
| 7941795683 | Magna Carta | a document that King John of England was forced to sign to guarantee rights of the nobility. | 31 | |
| 7941795684 | Hundreds Years' War | a war over French and English territories, a great conflict between old governing rules under feudalism and the newly emerging claims of national states. | 32 | |
| 7941795685 | (the) Crusades | a series of dramatic campaigns of Christian Knights into the middle east summoned by the pope to defend Jerusalem against Turkish invaders. (They never succeeded) | 33 | |
| 7941795686 | Saladin | Turkish muslim general who reorganized the Turkish military to retake Jerusalem. | 34 | |
| 7941795687 | Venice and Genoa | two cities that directly benefitted from the crusades | 35 | |
| 7941795688 | Hanseatic League | a league formed by cities of northern Germany and southern Scandinavia to facilitate trade as more towns purchased charters from kings and severed their feudal ties to lords on the rural manors. | 36 | |
| 7941795689 | guilds | associations of people who worked in the same occupation. | 37 | |
| 7941795690 | usury | the charging of interest for the use of money | 38 | |
| 7941795691 | pogroms | anti-Semitic mob actions | 39 | |
| 7941795692 | scholasticism | the attempt to reconcile the beliefs and values of Christianity with the logical reasoning of Greek philosophy. | 40 | |
| 7941795693 | vernacular languages | the native language or native dialect of a specific population. | 41 |
Ap World History Period 6 Flashcards
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| 13757488984 | 14 Points | Jan 8, 1918, address to Congress, President Woodrow Wilson proposed this program for world peace. This program were later taken as the basis for peace negotiations at the end of the war. | 0 | |
| 13757488985 | Albert Einstein | Most revolutionary of the theoretical physicists, published theory of relativity. Principles that mass and energy are interchangeable equation. E-mc^2. | 1 | |
| 13757488986 | Bolshevik | Communist Party that won in 1917. Lenin was the leader of this party. | 2 | |
| 13757488987 | Civilian Conservation Crops | Was established ostensibly to promote conservative and reformation, but mostly to provide some three million jobs to the young. | 3 | |
| 13757488988 | Empress Cixi | Chinese empress who dominated the last decade of Qing Dynasty, supported Boxer Rebellion in 1898 as a mean to drive out westernization. | 4 | |
| 13757488989 | Collectivization | Was a policy forced consolidation of individual peasants households into collective farms carried out by Soviet's government in 1920s and early 1930s. | 5 | |
| 13757488990 | Emiliano Zapata | Revolutionary and leader peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in South-Central. Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the land of the wealthy landowners. Though he was successful for a time he was ultimately assassinated. | 6 | |
| 13757488991 | Francisco "Pancho" Villa | A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. | 7 | |
| 13757488992 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | President of U.S. during the Great Depression and WWII. | 8 | |
| 13757488993 | Franz Ferdinand | He was a heir of the Austrian Hungarian Empire. He was assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. This event sparked a series of actions that led to the beginning of WWI. | 9 | |
| 13757488994 | Joseph Stalin | WWII, killed 20 million people, known for his Five Years Plan to increase industrial production. | 10 | |
| 13757488995 | League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the U. S. to join it proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in 1930s. | 11 | |
| 13757488996 | Lusitania | Largest of these ships, was torpedoed off the Irish coast in May 1915, 1,200 passenger and 118 Americans drowned as the ship sank. | 12 | |
| 13757488997 | Marie Curie | A woman, French physicist, did research on radioactivity. | 13 | |
| 13757488998 | Mohandas K. Gandhi | Leader of the Indian Independence Movement and advocates of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of Indian National Congress. | 14 | |
| 13757488999 | Czar Nicholas II | Czar of Russia, overthrew by communists government. | 15 | |
| 13757489000 | Sigmund Freud | He applied the scientific mind to the working of human mind and to human emotions, claimed that human behavior resulted from a constant struggle between irrational drives, and our conscience. His work was added to the thinkers of Enlightenment. | 16 | |
| 13757489001 | Sun Yat-Sen | Known for his three principles: democracy, industrialized, and nationalism. | 17 | |
| 13757489002 | Treaty of Versailles | Germany has to pay for reparations. | 18 | |
| 13757489003 | V .I. Lenin | Bolshevik Party leader. | 19 | |
| 13757489004 | Young Turks | Overthrew the government of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamet in 1909. | 20 | |
| 13757489005 | Zimmerman Telegram | German foreign minister send a telegram instructing the German ambassador in Mexico City to offer the president of Mexico its lost territory, if it will be on Germany's side. | 21 | |
| 13757489006 | Fascism | A political philosophy movement or government that exalts the nation over the individual, the antithesis of literal democracy. It advocates a centralized democratic government, often in alliance with major business leaders, led by a disciplined party and headed by a dictatorial charismatic leader. | 22 | |
| 13757489007 | Benito Mussolini | Italy fascist leader, who was made a prime minister by King Victor Emmanuel II. His organization were called Black Shirts. | 23 | |
| 13757489008 | Adolf Hitler | Fascist leader in Germany. | 24 | |
| 13757489009 | Nazi | A political party under Hitler who ordered to kill all the Jews. | 25 | |
| 13757489010 | Weimar Republic | An elected government of both working and middle-class membership had succeeded the German monarchy which withdrew from power at the end of WWI. | 26 | |
| 13757489011 | Mein Kampf | "My Struggle" written by Hitler in jail. Blamed Jews for losing WWI. | 27 | |
| 13757489012 | Totalitarianism | A state in which one that seeks total control of economy, politics, media, and culture of the state under a single dictator or party. | 28 | |
| 13757489013 | Francisco Franco | Spanish General, organized the revolt in Morocco, which led to Spanish Civil War. Leader of the Nationalist right wing party, supported by Hitler and Mussolini, won the Civil War after 3 years of fighting. | 29 | |
| 13757489014 | Lebensraum | In German "room for living". The claim was that Germany needed to expand and take over the land of its neighbors because its own land was overcrowded. Similar claims on neighbors land have been issued by nations throughout history. | 30 | |
| 13757489015 | Sudetenland | The areas that Nazis tried to control. | 31 | |
| 13757489016 | Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of England during WWII. | 32 | |
| 13757489017 | Suez Canal | Ship canal dug across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt, designed by Ferdinard de Lesseps. It opened to shipping in 1869 and shortened the sea voyages between Europe and Asia. Its strategies importance led to the British conquest of Egypt in 1882. | 33 | |
| 13757489018 | Tito | Yugoslavia statesman, who led the resistance to German occupation during WWII and established a communist state after the war. (1892-1980). | 34 | |
| 13757489019 | Holocaust | A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non communist, homosexual, non Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. | 35 | |
| 13757489020 | Elie Wiesel | Survival of the Holocaust and devoted his life to alternate the world to its horror so that it might never happen again. Unfortunately other smaller Holocaust continued to occur without effective external intervention. | 36 | |
| 13757489021 | Nuremberg Trials | In Germany in 1945 and 1946 convened by United States, Great Britain, and France was to demonstrate that crime against humanity would be punished under international law in trials administered through public, systemic procedures. | 37 | |
| 13757489022 | Berlin Blockade/Airlift | The blockade was a Soviet Union attempt to starve out the allies in Berlin in order to gain supremacy. The blockade was a high point in Cold War and it led to Berlin Airlift. | 38 | |
| 13757489023 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization by Western Allies (28 members). 1949, it had 12 members Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. | 39 | |
| 13757489024 | Warsaw Pact | Communist nation alliance, members include Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria. | 40 | |
| 13757489025 | Aswan High Dam | Nasser concluded an agreement with Soviet Union accepting it's assistance in building this dam on Nile River, one of the largest hydroelectric project. | 41 | |
| 13757489026 | Charles de Gaulle | New president of Republic, he maintained French rule in Algeria as long as possible. | 42 | |
| 13757489027 | Fidel Castro | The revolutionary and dictator of Cuba. He supported Soviet foreign policy and almost made Cuba communist. | 43 | |
| 13757489028 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | 1952 he and Egyptian officers staged a coup, he became the president of Egypt, and he strongly advocated Pan-Arabism as well as non-alignment with United States or Soviet Union. | 44 | |
| 13757489029 | Gulag | Chief Administrative of Corrective Labor Camp, a department of Soviet secret police founded in 1934 under Stalin. It ran a vast network of forced labor throughout USSR to which millions of citizens accused of "crimes against the state" were sent for punishment. | 45 | |
| 13757489030 | Hydrogen bomb | In 1953 Russia made this one as well as United States in 1952. | 46 | |
| 13757489031 | John F. Kennedy | President of the United States who threatened to use nuclear power if Soviet didn't remove it's missiles from Cuba. | 47 | |
| 13757489032 | Leonid Brezhnev | Soviet statesman who became president of the Soviet Union. | 48 | |
| 13757489033 | Mao Zedong | Communist leader during the Long March. He proposed the Great Leap Forward. | 49 | |
| 13757489034 | McCarthyism | A strategy of attacking political opponents by labeling them unpatriotic or even treasonous, named for United States Senator Joseph McCarthy who employed it in his campaign against alleged communist. | 50 | |
| 13757489035 | Nikita Khrushchev | He was the Soviet Union dictator, who stunned the country with his speech about Stalin's crimes against them and the crime against Party member. | 51 | |
| 13757489036 | Nonaligned nations | Those stats, usually newly independent states, that chose not to take sides in Cold War between United States and USSR. | 52 | |
| 13757489037 | OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries was created by oil-rich countries of Middle East. | 53 | |
| 13757489038 | Proxy War | A war waged between dependent, client states of larger, more powerful states that do not become directly involved in fighting. | 54 | |
| 13757489039 | Ruhollah Khomeini | Iranian Shite Muslim leader; known as Ayatollah Khomeini. He returned from exile in 1979 to lead on Islamic revolution that overthrew Shah. | 55 | |
| 13757489040 | Sandinista | A member of a left wing party, Nicaragua, political organization, the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) which came to power in 1979 after overthrowing the dictator Anastasio Somoza. | 56 | |
| 13757489041 | Al-Qaeda | Islamic terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against United States. | 57 | |
| 13757489042 | Boris Yeltsin | A leader who ends communism in made Soviet Union as Russia. | 58 | |
| 13757489043 | Dolly (the sheep) | Was a female domestic sheep and the first mammal to be closed from an adult somatic cel, using the process of nuclear transfer. | 59 | |
| 13757489044 | Fundamentalist | Someone who supports fundamentalism, the demand for a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines usually understood as a reaction against Modernist theology, combined with a vigorous attack on outside threats to their religious culture. | 60 | |
| 13757489045 | Glasnost | A policy which called fro increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in Soviet Union was introduced by Gorbachev. | 61 | |
| 13757489046 | Human Genome Project | It is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which makes UPA, DNA, and of identifying and mapping genes of human genomes. | 62 | |
| 13757489047 | Mikhail Gorbachev | A former Soviet Union statesman, having served as a General Secretary of Communist Party of Soviet Union. | 63 | |
| 13757489048 | Moral Majority | Was a political organization of United States which had agenda of evangelical Christians-oriented political lobbying. | 64 | |
| 13757489049 | Osama Bin Laden | A founder of the Al-Qaeda responsible for September 11 attack on United States. | 65 | |
| 13757489050 | Perestroika | Economic reconstruction, a moment with Communist Party of Soviet Union. The reconstructing of Soviet political and economic systems. | 66 | |
| 13757489051 | Vladimir Putin | A Russian politician who served as the President of the Russia, he is currently the Prime Minister of Russia as of 2012. He had return of political stability and ending the crisis of 1990s. | 67 | |
| 13757489052 | World Trade Organization | An organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. | 68 | |
| 13757489053 | African National Congress | In 1914 South African, political party established in 1912 by elites Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society, it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994. | 69 | |
| 13757489054 | Anwar Sadat | 1981, President of Egypt who jailed many of their members and had peace with Israel. | 70 | |
| 13757489055 | Apartheid | A policy of strict racial segregation imposed in South Africa to permit the continued dominance of whites politically and economically. | 71 | |
| 13757489056 | Ariel Sharon | Prime minister of Israel. | 72 | |
| 13757489057 | Desmond Tutu | Leading spokesman of passive resistance to apartheid in the 1980s. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 for his attempt to replace apartheid with a racially equal South African society. | 73 | |
| 13757489058 | Economic Union | Agreed to work together formulating a common foreign policy, a common defense policy, guidelines towards similar policies of assistance from wealthier members towards poor. | 74 | |
| 13757489059 | Ethnic cleansing | A euphemism for genocides. The act of exiling or murdering minority groups from a given territory. | 75 | |
| 13757489060 | European Community | EEC alliance formed by Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg in 1957 and dedicated to develop common trade policies and reduce tariffs. | 76 | |
| 13757489061 | Hutu | A majority tribe in Rwanda. | 77 | |
| 13757489062 | Intifida | An uprising led by young Palestinian who occupied the territories of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank also shared by the Israelis. | 78 | |
| 13757489063 | Khmer Rouge | A communist guerrilla organization that opposed the Cambodian government in 1960s and waged a civil war from 1970, taking power n 1975. | 79 | |
| 13757489064 | NAFTA | The North American Free Trade Agreement was signed in 1995 by Mexico, Canada, and United States. The goal was to have more closely integrated the countries economies by eliminating tariffs. | 80 | |
| 13757489065 | Nelson Mandela | Former President of South Africa, leader of the African National Congress and stayed in prison for 27 years. | 81 | |
| 13757489066 | Tiananmen Square | Square in the center of Beijing adjacent to the Forbidden city, the largest public open space in the world. In spring of 1989, government troops opened fire there on unarmed prodemocracy protesters, killing over 2,000 people. | 82 | |
| 13757489067 | Tutsi | Ethnic tribe in minority in Rwanda, victims of genocides. | 83 | |
| 13757489068 | Schlieffen Plan | Count von Schlieffen. 1833-1913, German field marshal, who devised the this Plan (1905): it was intended to ensure German victory over a Franco-Russian alliance by holding off Russia with minimal strength and swiftly defeating France by a massive flanking movement through the Low Countries. In a modified form, it was unsuccessfully employed in World War I (1914). | 84 | |
| 13757489069 | Isolationism | A national policy of abstaining from political or economic relations with other countries. | 85 | |
| 13757489070 | Red Army | Russian Krasnaya Armiya, Soviet army created by the Communist government after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The name was abandoned in 1946. | 86 | |
| 13757489071 | Five Year Plan | State-directed plans, frequently prepared by communist governments, to control the economy and to direct its growth. They contrast with capitalist, laissez-faire, free-market economics, in which the government allows the forces of supply and demand to guide the market. | 87 | |
| 13757489072 | Totalitarian | A state is one that seeks total control of the economy, politics, media, and culture of the state, under a single dictator. It does away with individual rights, proclaiming the rights of the state-as define by its dictator-superior to those of any individual or groups. | 88 | |
| 13757489073 | Iron Curtain | Term introduced by Winston Churchill to describe the division of Europe by the Soviet Union spreading its areas of control in Central and Eastern Europe from Western Europe. | 89 | |
| 13757489074 | NGOs | Non-governmental organization. Broadly any organization not controlled by the government, carrying out its own mission. Most commonly refers to voluntary organizations carrying out work of social and community service that the government cannot or does not do. | 90 | |
| 13757489075 | Pogrom | A murderous attack on a group of people-usually based on their ethnicity or religion-that is sanctioned by the government, either officially or unofficially. | 91 | |
| 13757489076 | Marshall Plan | An American program of economic assistance for rebuilding non communist Europe after WWII, proposed by United States Secretary of State George Marshall. | 92 | |
| 13757489077 | Manhattan Project | The code name for the secret US project set up in 1942 to develop an atomic bomb. | 93 | |
| 13757489078 | Brown Shirts | Nazi militia who terrorized citizens. | 94 | |
| 13757489079 | Black Shirts | Fascist organization founded in Italy in Mar., 1919, by Benito Mussolini. It was the most distinctive part of their uniform. They were mainly discontented ex-soldiers. Ultranationalist, they posed as champions of law and order and violently attacked Communists, socialists, and other radical and progressive groups. They broke up strikes, destroyed trade union headquarters, and drove socialist and Communist officials from office. | 95 | |
| 13757489080 | Appeasement | A policy of agreeing to the demands of a potentially hostile nation in order to maintain peace, specifically the British government's attitude to Hitler's Germany 1937-38. | 96 | |
| 13757489081 | Treaty of Versailles | the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans. | 97 | |
| 13757489082 | Harry S. Truman | The 33rd president of the United States (1945-1953). He authorized the use of the atomic bomb against Japan (1945), implemented the Marshall Plan (1948), initiated the establishment of NATO (1949), and ordered US involvement in the Korean War (1950-1953). | 98 | |
| 13757489083 | Leon Trotsky | Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army; he was ousted from the Communist Party by Stalin and eventually assassinated in Mexico (1879-1940). | 99 | |
| 13757489084 | Chaing Kai Shek | Chinese military and political figure who led the Nationalists against the rising Communist forces and was driven from the mainland to Taiwan (1949), where he served as president of Nationalist China until his death. | 100 | |
| 13757489085 | Cuban Missile Crisis | A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the "hottest" periods of the cold war. The Soviet premier, Nikita Khrushchev, placed Soviet military missiles in Cuba, which had come under Soviet influence since the success of the Cuban Revolution three years earlier. President John F. Kennedy of the United States set up a naval blockade of Cuba and insisted that Khrushchev remove the missiles. Khrushchev did. | 101 | |
| 13757489086 | Bay of Pigs invasion | begins when a CIA-financed and -trained group of Cuban refugees lands in Cuba and attempts to topple the communist government of Fidel Castro. | 102 | |
| 13757489087 | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnamese leader and first president of North Vietnam (1954-1969). His army was victorious in the French Indochina War (1946-1954), and he later led North Vietnam's struggle to defeat the US-supported government in South Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh died before the reunification of Vietnam (1976). | 103 | |
| 13757489088 | Ali Jinnah | Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948). | 104 | |
| 13757489089 | Gamal Nasser | Egyptian army officer and politician who served as prime minister (1954-1956) and president (1956-1958 and 1961-1970) of Egypt and as president of the United Arab Republic (1958-1961). Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal (1918-1970). | 105 | |
| 13757489090 | PLO | Palestine Liberation Organization, founded 1964 in Jordan and dominated by Syria. Led by Yasser Arafat, it has mounted attacks on Israeli-occupied territory and has been involved in international terrorism. | 106 | |
| 13757489091 | Yassir Arafat | Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization who in 1996 was elected the first president of the Palestinian Authority, the newly formed Palestinian self-rule government. He shared the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize with Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres. | 107 | |
| 13757489092 | Iran-Iraq War | War (1980-88) fought by Iran and Iraq, following the Iraqi invasion of disputed border territory in Iran. It ended indecisively with no important gains on either side: Iraq subsequently (1990) conceded the disputed territory. Also called: Gulf War. A dispute over control of the waterway between Iraq and Iran broke out into open fighting in 1980 and continued until 1988, when they accepted a UN cease-fire resolution | 108 | |
| 13757489093 | Persian Gulf War | war fought between Iraq and a coalition led by the United States that freed Kuwait from Iraqi invaders; 1990-1991. | 109 | |
| 13757489094 | Saddam Hussein | Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran; his invasion of Kuwait led to the Gulf War (born in 1937). Iraqi politician: president (1979-2003) and prime minister (1994-2003) of Iraq. He led Iraq into the Iran-Iraq War (1980-88) and the Gulf War (1991) but was deposed and captured in the US-led invasion of 2003; executed 2006. | 110 | |
| 13757489095 | Atatürk | First president of Turkey, set about to modernize and westernized Turkey including making it more secular. Drove out foreign troops until Turkey was recognized as independent state in Treaty of Lausanne. | 111 | |
| 13757489096 | Creole | In colonial Spanish American, a term used to describe some of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term used to describe all nonnative people. | 112 | |
| 13757489097 | Darbar | A showy convocation of notables paying obedience to and receiving gifts from the most powerful political leaders, a mean of demonstrating and ratifying the relative position of each. | 113 | |
| 13757489098 | Guomindang | Nationalist Party of China that governed China after 1928. They promoted a measure of modern development that was largely limited to the cities. Japan's brutal invasion of China forced this party to retreat into the interior, where they became dependent on conservative landlords, and eventually lost their power to the Communists Party. | 114 | |
| 13757489099 | Mestizo | The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed American Indians and European descent. | 115 | |
| 13757489100 | Porfirio Díaz | Mexico dictator, encouraged foreign investment but most people were poor and landless. | 116 | |
| 13757489101 | Zaibatsu | Huge holding companies or conglomerates came to control much of the Japanese economy and were very influential in politics. | 117 | |
| 13757489102 | Alexander Solzhenitsyn | Russian author critical of the Soviet regime but also of Western Materialism: published trilogy on the Siberian prison camps, The Gulag Archipelago. | 118 | |
| 13757489103 | Bandung Conference | Conference in which representative from 29 governments of Asian and African nations gathered in Bandung. Indonesia to discuss peace and the role of the Third World in the Cold War, economic development and decolonization. | 119 | |
| 13757489104 | IMF | International Monetary Fund, provided short-term loans for countries that were having difficulties meeting their balance of payment obligations. | 120 | |
| 13757489105 | Patrice Lumumba | Congolese nationalist and first prime minister of the Congo after independence of 1960. | 121 | |
| 13757489106 | Solidarity | Independent trade union movement in Poland that developed into a mass campaign for political change and inspired popular opposition to communist regimes across Eastern Europe during the 1980s. | 122 | |
| 13757489107 | Branch Davidians | A Protestant sect that organized from a schism; this branch has many theological beliefs in common with Messianic Judaism. | 123 | |
| 13757489108 | David Koresh | Was the leader of a Branch Davidian religious sect, believing to be its final prophet. | 124 | |
| 13757489109 | Hindutva | Term to describe the movement advocating Hindu nationalism. | 125 | |
| 13757489110 | Jerry Falwell | Was an evangelical fundamentalist southern Baptist televangelist and a conservative commentator from United States. He was the funding paster of a Baptist Church and academy. Liberate university and cofounded Moral Majority. | 126 | |
| 13757489111 | John Paul II | Reigned as Pope of Catholic Church. He was instrumental and ended communism and improved Catholic Church relations. | 127 | |
| 13757489112 | John XXIII | Headed the Catholic Church and ruled Vatican City until death. He was the second Vatican council. | 128 | |
| 13757489113 | L.K. Advani | A veteran Indian politician, a former president of the Bharatiya Janta Party he also served as a Deputy Prime Minister of India. | 129 | |
| 13757489114 | Liberation theology | A political movement in Christian theology which interprets teaching of Jesus Christ in terms of liberation from unjust economic, political, and social conditions. | 130 | |
| 13757489115 | Oscar Romero | Was a bishop of Catholic Church in El Salvador, he was assassinated. | 131 | |
| 13757489116 | Vatican II | Addressed relations between the Roma Catholic Church and the modern world. It was 20th century first Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church. | 132 | |
| 13757489117 | World Social Forum | Is an annual meeting of civil society organization which offers a self conscious effort to develop an alternative solution. | 133 | |
| 13757489118 | Balfour Declaration | Statement issued by Britain's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour in 1917, favoring the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. | 134 | |
| 13757489119 | Chiapas Uprising | In 1994, poorly equipped guerrilla force of 800 peasants/Indians took over several towns in Mexican regions of Chiapas. | 135 | |
| 13757489120 | Common Market | A group of countries that have eliminated tariffs and harmonized trading rules to facilitate the free flow of goods among the nation's members. | 136 | |
| 13757489121 | Deng Xiaoping | In control in China for 2 decades, policy of free-market, capitalistic economy, with minimum government intervention called economic liberalism. | 137 | |
| 13757489122 | Jean Monnet | First president of European Coal and Steel Community also known as the "Father of Europe". | 138 | |
| 13757489123 | Jiang Zemin | Farmer General Secretary of Communist Party of China. | 139 | |
| 13757489124 | Laurent Kabila | President of Democratic Republic of Congo. | 140 | |
| 13757489125 | Mandal Commission | "Identity the socially or economically backward" intended to redress caste discrimination. | 141 | |
| 13757489126 | Slobodan Milosevic | Former President of Serbia, responsible for ethnic cleaning. | 142 | |
| 13757489127 | Armenian Genocide | campaign of deportation and mass killing conducted against this group subjects of the Ottoman Empire by the Young Turk government during World War I (1914-18). | 143 | |
| 13757489128 | Cambodian Genocide | refers to the attempt of Khmer Rouge party leader "Pol Pot" to nationalize and centralize the peasant farming society of this country virtually overnight, in accordance with the Chinese Communist agricultural model. (1975-79). | 144 | |
| 13757489129 | Rwanda Genocide | From April to July 1994, members of the Hutu ethnic majority in the east-central African nation of Rwanda murdered as many as 800,000 people, mostly of the Tutsi minority. | 145 | |
| 13757489130 | Darfar Genocide | refers to the current mass slaughter and rape of this country's men, women, and children in Western Sudan. The killings began in 2003, as the first genocide in the 21st century. Unrest and violence persist today. | 146 |
AP Language Vocab #1 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 15028653386 | Syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language (Sentence structure) | 0 | |
| 15028653387 | Diction | A writer's or speaker's choice of words | 1 | |
| 15028653388 | Language | Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 2 | |
| 15028653389 | Purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. | 3 | |
| 15028653390 | Mood | Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader | 4 | |
| 15028653391 | Tone | Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character | 5 | |
| 15028653392 | Motif | A recurring theme, subject or idea | 6 | |
| 15028653393 | Audience | Those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed. | 7 | |
| 15028653394 | Occasion | An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing. | 8 | |
| 15028653395 | Context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. | 9 | |
| 15028653396 | Style | the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work | 10 | |
| 15028653397 | Description | a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event | 11 | |
| 15028653398 | Strategy | How the writer organizes their piece to convey their purpose | 12 | |
| 15028653399 | Persuasion | The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions | 13 | |
| 15028653400 | Argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence | 14 | |
| 15028653401 | Exposition | Background information presented in a literary work. | 15 | |
| 15028653402 | Discourse | written or spoken communication or debate | 16 | |
| 15028653403 | Ethos | Appeal to ethics | 17 | |
| 15028653404 | Pathos | Appeal to emotion | 18 | |
| 15028653405 | Logos | Appeal to logic | 19 | |
| 15028669765 | Narration | writing that tells a story | 20 | |
| 15028669985 | Asyndeton | omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words | 21 | |
| 15028675464 | Polyasyndeton | Excessive use of conjunctions | 22 | |
| 15028675465 | Delayed sentence | A sentence that withholds its main idea until the end | 23 | |
| 15028680733 | Paradox | a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true | 24 | |
| 15028680734 | Aphorism | a concise statement of a truth or principle | 25 | |
| 15028686004 | modes of discourse | exposition, narration, description, argumentation | 26 |
AP Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14963425987 | Rhetoric | Aristotle defined it as "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." The art of finding ways of persuading an audience | 0 | |
| 14963425988 | Aristotelian Triangle | A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text. | 1 | |
| 14963425989 | SOAPstone | Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker, tone | 2 | |
| 14963425990 | Open Thesis | one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay | 3 | |
| 14963425991 | closed thesis example | A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make. | 4 | |
| 14963425992 | Concession | An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. | 5 | |
| 14963425993 | Logos | Appeal to logic | 6 | |
| 14963425994 | Ethos | Appeal to ethics | 7 | |
| 14963425995 | Pathos | Appeal to emotion | 8 | |
| 14963425996 | Claim of Fact | Asserts that something is true or not true | 9 | |
| 14963425997 | Claim of Policy | proposes a change | 10 | |
| 14963425998 | Claim of Value | Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong | 11 | |
| 14963425999 | Inductive Reasoning | Logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, also called generalization | 12 | |
| 14963426000 | Deductive reasoning | Logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and apply it to a specific case. | 13 | |
| 14963426001 | Syllogism | A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion | 14 | |
| 14963426002 | Diction | A speaker's choice of words. | 15 | |
| 14963426003 | Syntax | Arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. This includes word order, the length and structure of sentences; and such schemes as parallelism, juxtaposition, antithesis, and antimetabole. | 16 | |
| 14963426004 | Denotation | The dictionary definition of a word | 17 | |
| 14963426005 | Connotation | Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation. | 18 | |
| 14963426006 | Tone | A speakers attitude toward the subject conveyed by the speaker's stylistic and rhetorical choices. | 19 | |
| 14963426007 | Exordium | In classical oration, the introduction to an argument, in which the speaker announces the subject and purpose, and appeals to ethos in order to establish credibility. | 20 | |
| 14963426008 | Narratio | In classical oration, the factual and background information, establishing why a subject or problem needs addressing it precede the confirmation, or laying out of evidence to support claims made in the argument | 21 | |
| 14963426009 | Confirmatio | In classical oration, this major part of an argument comes between the narration and refutation; it provides the development of proof through evidence that supports the claims made by the speaker | 22 | |
| 14963426010 | Refutatio | A denial or the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, it often follows a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true. One of the stages in classical oration, usually following the confirmation, or proof, and preceding he conclusion, or peroration | 23 | |
| 14963426011 | Peroration | In classical oration, the final part of an argument. Follows the refutation and typically appeals to pathos as it moves the audience toward the conclusion | 24 | |
| 14963426012 | Ad hominem | Latin for "to the man," this fallacy refers to the specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker. | 25 | |
| 14963426013 | ad populum | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." | 26 | |
| 14963426014 | appeal to false authority | occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority | 27 | |
| 14963426015 | begging the question | a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. | 28 | |
| 14963426016 | False Dilemma | the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices | 29 | |
| 14963426017 | Hasty Generalization | in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence. | 30 | |
| 14963426018 | post hoc ergo propter hoc | Latin for "after this therefore because of this." Meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier | 31 | |
| 14963426019 | Straw man | when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea | 32 | |
| 14963426020 | Red Herring | When a writer raises an irrelevant issue to draw attention away from the real issue | 33 | |
| 14963426021 | Compound sentence | A sentence that includes at least two independent clauses | 34 | |
| 14963426022 | complex sentence | A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause | 35 | |
| 14963426023 | compound-complex sentence | a sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. | 36 | |
| 14963426024 | cumulative sentence | sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on | 37 | |
| 14963426025 | periodic sentence | sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end | 38 | |
| 14963426026 | Metaphor | compares two things without using like or as | 39 | |
| 14963426027 | Simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" | 40 | |
| 14963426028 | Hyperbole | a deliberate exaggeration or overstatement for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect | 41 | |
| 14963426029 | Parallelism | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses | 42 | |
| 14963426030 | Zuegma | Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous meanings | 43 | |
| 14963426031 | Anaphora | the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses | 44 | |
| 14963426032 | Asyndeton | omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words | 45 | |
| 14963426033 | Polysyndeton | The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions. | 46 | |
| 14963426034 | Alliteration | Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence | 47 | |
| 14963426035 | Allusion | brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art | 48 | |
| 14963426036 | Oxymoron | a paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words | 49 | |
| 14963426037 | Personification | attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea | 50 | |
| 14963426038 | rhetorical question | A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected. | 51 | |
| 14963426039 | Onomonopia | The use of words or sounds which resemble the sounds they describe. (ex boom, psst) | 52 | |
| 14963426040 | Anecdote | A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event. | 53 | |
| 14963426041 | Synecdoche | the use of the part for the whole | 54 | |
| 14963426042 | Paradox | A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. | 55 |
AP Language and Comp Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14694115805 | Allusion | A reference to another work of literature, person, or event Function > allows writer of all genres to simplify complex ideas, and emotions of text | 0 | |
| 14694115806 | Alliteration | the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Function - draws emphasis to a particular point, sentence, or nam. Stands out, flows, fluency | 1 | |
| 14694115807 | ad hominem | a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute Function= distorts truth, persuasion | 2 | |
| 14694115808 | Ethos | credibility | 3 | |
| 14694115809 | Logos | Appeal to logic | 4 | |
| 14694115810 | Pathos | Appeal to feelings | 5 | |
| 14694115811 | rhetorical question | A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected. Function + emphasizes a point, gets audience thinking | 6 | |
| 14694115812 | rhetorical shift | a change from one tone, attitude, etc . . . Look for key words like but, however, even though, although, yet, etc. Function + takes audience focus away from one topic | 7 | |
| 14694115813 | rhetorical devices vs rhetorical strategies | Rhetorical device- uses language to persuade and evoke different emotions Strategies+ plan of action to achieve overall aim Difference+ stratagem is the plan, devices are the devices used in the plan. | 8 | |
| 14694115814 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 9 | |
| 14694115815 | Description | Capture with words the essence of a scene, person, or thing. | 10 | |
| 14694115816 | Process Analysis | A method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something. | 11 | |
| 14694115817 | Illustration/Exemplification | Gives examples clarifying what you are trying to say. Embodies abstract ideas or sharpening generalizations | 12 | |
| 14694115818 | definition | Spells out exactly what a word or phrase means | 13 | |
| 14694115819 | Compare / contrast | finding similarities and differences between 2 things | 14 | |
| 14694115820 | Division / classification | dividing a subject into categories and analyzing the characteristics of each category | 15 | |
| 14694115821 | Casual analysis | focuses specifically on explanations that show a connection between a situation and its cause or effect | 16 | |
| 14694115822 | Argument and Persuasion | Development of the writers own argument | 17 | |
| 14733978634 | Analogy | a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it Function: explains m abstract idea by comparing it to something familiar | 18 | |
| 14733978635 | Anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines Function: pathos, encourage, motivate | 19 | |
| 14733978636 | Epistrophe | the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences Function: emphasizes a concept or idea | 20 | |
| 15275812087 | Anadiplosis | repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause | 21 | |
| 15275817485 | Anastrohpe | changing the order of sentence structure. | 22 | |
| 15275834544 | anecdote | a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person | 23 | |
| 15275839092 | antecedent | the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers | 24 | |
| 15275850644 | Antithesis | two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect | 25 | |
| 15275855884 | Aphorism | a concise statement of a truth or principle | 26 | |
| 15275862977 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. | 27 | |
| 15275867360 | Argument for Ignorance | Arguing that it is better to be ignorant than to know the truth. says something is true because it is not yet proven false. | 28 | |
| 15275877096 | asyndenton | conjunctions are omitted, producing a fast-paced and rapid prose | 29 | |
| 15275880769 | Chiasmus | a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases | 30 | |
| 15275890653 | Colloquialism | a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation. | 31 | |
| 15275897024 | complex sentence | A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause | 32 |
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