AP Language and Composition Vocab Flashcards
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| 13512905746 | Antithesis | the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite. | 0 | |
| 13512915068 | litotes | a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. Litote is the opposite of hyperbole. Examples: "Not a bad idea," "Not many," "It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain" (Salinger, Catcher in the Rye). | 1 | |
| 13512920603 | metonymy | A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example, a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy. | 2 | |
| 13512926249 | onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur. If you note examples of onomatopoeia in an essay passage, note the effect. | 3 | |
| 13512930427 | oxymoron | From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," an oxymoron is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness." This term does not usually appear in the multiple-choice questions, but there is a chance that you might find it in an essay. Take note of the effect that the author achieves with the use of oxymoron. | 4 | |
| 13512937012 | parallelism | Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, this term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but is not limited to, repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase. (Again, the opening of Dickens' Tale of Two Cities is an example: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of believe, it was the epoch of incredulity....") The effects of parallelism are numerous, but frequently they act as an organizing force to attract the reader's attention, add emphasis and organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm. | 5 | |
| 13512940851 | anaphora | A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. MLK used anaphora in his famous "I Have a Dream" speech (1963). | 6 | |
| 13512950419 | rhetorical modes | This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. The four most common rhetorical modes (often referred to as "modes of discourse") are as follows: exposition, argumentation, description, narration. | 7 | |
| 13512969312 | exposition | (or expository writing) is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. The AP language exam essay questions are frequently expository. | 8 | |
| 13512978350 | argumentation | is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation having an additional aim of urging some form of action. | 9 | |
| 13512984402 | description | is to recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses in description; good descriptive writing can be sensuous and picturesque. Descriptive writing may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional and subjective. | 10 | |
| 13512989584 | narration | is to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events. This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing. | 11 | |
| 13512993506 | syllogism | From the Greek for "reckoning together," a syllogism (or syllogistic reasoning or syllogistic logic) is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called "major" and the second called "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. A frequently cited example proceeds as follows: major premise: All men are mortal. minor premise: Socrates is a man. conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is a mortal. | 12 | |
| 13512998550 | synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part. Examples: To refer to a boat as a "sail"; to refer to a car as "wheels"; to refer to the violins, violas, etc. in an orchestra as "the strings." **Different than metonymy, in which one thing is represented by another thing that is commonly physically associated with it (but is not necessarily a part of it), i.e., referring to a monarch as "the crown" or the President as "The White House." | 13 | |
| 13513045105 | allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion. | 14 | |
| 13513047812 | ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 15 | |
| 13513054524 | clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. The point that you want to consider is the question of what or why the author subordinates one element should also become aware of making effective use of subordination in your own writing. | 16 | |
| 13513076360 | colloquial/colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational, familiar tone. Colloquial expressions in writing include local or regional dialects | 17 | |
| 13513082950 | euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. The euphemism may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. Saying "earthly remains" rather than "corpse" is an example of euphemism. | 18 | |
| 13513094153 | homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | 19 | |
| 13513098721 | imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, imagery uses terms related to the five senses: visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, and olfactory. On a broader and deeper level, however, one image can represent more than one thing. For example, a rose may present visual imagery while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks and/or symbolizing some degree of perfection. An author may use complex imagery while simultaneously employing other figures of speech, especially metaphor and simile. In addition, this term can apply to the total of all the images in a work. On the AP language exam, pay attention to how an author creates imagery and to the effect of this imagery | 20 | |
| 13513103681 | irony/ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. Irony is often used to create poignancy or humor. In general, there are three major types of irony used in language: Verbal irony, situational irony, dramatic irony | 21 | |
| 13513117205 | verbal irony | when the words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) meaning | 22 | |
| 13513125279 | situational irony | when events turn out the opposite of what was expected; when what the characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen | 23 | |
| 13529358485 | dramatic irony | when facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. | 24 | |
| 13529370565 | semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another. | 25 | |
| 13529373846 | transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. Used especially, although not exclusively, in expository and argumentative writing, transitions effectively signal a shift from one idea to another. A few commonly used transitional words or phrases are furthermore, consequently, nevertheless, for example, in addition, likewise, similarly, on the contrary, etc. More sophisticated writers use more subtle means of transition. | 26 | |
| 13714587301 | loose sentence | a sentence that follows that customary word order of English (subject -verb- object). The main idea of the sentence is first presented and then followed by one or more subordinate clauses. Ex: Bells rang, filling the air with their clangor, startling pigeons into flight from every belfry, bringing people into the streets to hear the news. | 27 | |
| 13714591150 | malapropism | a confused use of words in which the appropriate word is replaced by one with a similar sound but inappropriate meaning. Ex: This bill is gastronomical! | 28 | |
| 13714600422 | non sequitur | a statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before objective - of or relating to facts and reality, as opposed to private and personal feelings and attitudes | 29 | |
| 13714605166 | parody | an imitation of a work meant to ridicule its style and subject | 30 | |
| 13714610236 | pastoral | a work of literature dealing with rural life | 31 | |
| 13714616377 | pedantic | narrowly academic instead of broad and humane; excessively petty and meticulous | 32 | |
| 13714623786 | predicate | the part of a sentence that is not the grammatical subject. It often says something about the subject. | 33 | |
| 13714628569 | realism | the depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealizing or exaggerating for effect | 34 | |
| 13714631913 | reiteration | repetition of an idea using different words, often for emphasis or other effect | 35 | |
| 13714638669 | retraction | the withdrawal of a previously stated idea or opinion | 36 | |
| 13714642567 | sarcasm | a sharp, caustic attitude conveyed in words through jibes, taunts, or other remarks; differs from the slightly more subtle irony | 37 | |
| 13714649097 | sentiment | a synonym for view or feeling; also a refined and tender emotion in literature | 38 | |
| 13714653153 | stream of consciousness | a style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind | 39 | |
| 13714666487 | subject complement | the name of a grammatical unit that is comprised of predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives | 40 | |
| 13714670752 | predicate nominative | a noun (within the predicate) that provides another name for the subject . Ex: Lynn (subject) is the president (predicate nominative) of the company. | 41 | |
| 13714676413 | predicate adjective | an adjective (located with the predicate) that describes the subject. Ex: Harold (subject) is courageous (predicate adjective). | 42 | |
| 13714689554 | trope | the generic name for a figure of speech such as image, symbol, simile, and metaphor | 43 | |
| 13714692916 | understatement | a restrained statement that departs from what could be said; a studied avoidance of emphasis or exaggeration, often to create a particular effect | 44 | |
| 13714696294 | verisimilitude | similar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is | 45 | |
| 13727697747 | Diction | the choice of words in oral and written discourse | 46 | |
| 13727701132 | Elliptical construction | a sentence containing a deliberate omission of words | 47 | |
| 13727704243 | Connotation | The suggested or implied meaning of a word or phrase | 48 | |
| 13727713247 | Archetype | An abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model or form. | 49 | |
| 13727717429 | ad hominem | Directed to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead of to intellect or reason. | 50 | |
| 13727720622 | Farce | A comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose. | 51 | |
| 13727724031 | Cynic | One who expects and observes nothing but the worst of human conduct. | 52 | |
| 13727724033 | Antithesis | A rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of a grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences. | 53 | |
| 13727730589 | Anachronism | A person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era. | 54 | |
| 13727739540 | Ellipsis | three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation | 55 | |
| 13727741795 | exegesis | A detailed analysis or interpretation of a work of prose or poetry. | 56 | |
| 13727744410 | indirect quotation | A rendering of a quotation in which actual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased. | 57 | |
| 13727761100 | frame | a structure that provides premise or setting for a narrative or other discourse | 58 | |
| 13727765613 | homily | a lecture or sermon on a religious or moral theme meant to guide human behavior | 59 | |
| 13727768035 | Bathos | insincere or overdone sentimentality | 60 | |
| 13727773162 | circumlocution | Literally, "talking around" a subject; i.e., discourse that avoids direct reference to a subject. | 61 | |
| 13727776075 | Anecdote | A brief narrative often used to illustrate an idea or make a point | 62 | |
| 13727787544 | Conceit | a witty or ingenious thought; a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language | 63 | |
| 13727790326 | inductive reasoning | A method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization. | 64 | |
| 13727792602 | antecedent | A word to which a pronoun refers. | 65 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP Language Rhetorical Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 15159321555 | Allusion | A reference to some famous literary work | 0 | |
| 15159335265 | Argumentation | The writers attempt to get the reader to agree with him | 1 | |
| 15159339834 | Coherence | Organized parts of writing that bind it all together | 2 | |
| 15159358688 | Description | describes a scene using sensory details. | 3 | |
| 15159365243 | Diction | Word choice | 4 | |
| 15159370601 | Exposition | writing whos chief aim is to explain | 5 | |
| 15159382814 | Figurative language | A word or expression used in a non- literal way. | 6 | |
| 15159393581 | Hyperbole | extreme exaggeration | 7 | |
| 15159403666 | Imagery | paints a picture with words | 8 | |
| 15159419949 | Verbal irony | when words state the opposite of their true meaning | 9 | |
| 15159438248 | Situational irony | when events turn out the opposite way as you'd expect | 10 | |
| 15159444562 | dramatic irony | when the reader knows something the characters do not | 11 | |
| 15159454601 | Metaphor | A direct comparison without using like or as | 12 | |
| 15159463849 | Mood | The way the author wants the reader to feel; atmosphere | 13 | |
| 15159469873 | narration | writing that tells a story | 14 | |
| 15159473593 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech with 2 contradictory TERMS | 15 | |
| 15159483616 | Pacing | The speed at which a writing moves along | 16 | |
| 15159494779 | Paradox | A single statement that contradicts itself but proves to be true | 17 | |
| 15159503437 | Parallelism | The things that remain the same throughout a writing | 18 | |
| 15159511591 | point of view | the perspective from which a story is told | 19 | |
| 15159513847 | Rhetoric | Meaningful parts of a text; the art of persuasive writting | 20 | |
| 15159527682 | rhetorical modes | modes of writing; exposition, description, narration, argumentation | 21 | |
| 15159547042 | Simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" | 22 | |
| 15159548946 | slanting | distort the order of words to achieve a desired effect; untrue | 23 | |
| 15160079602 | Style | the way a writer writes | 24 | |
| 15160093904 | ad hominem argument | Argument that attacks person and not the issue | 25 | |
| 15160107384 | Analogy | Explains something by likening it to something else. | 26 | |
| 15160128336 | Anecdote | a brief narrative at the beginning of a story | 27 | |
| 15160132343 | Ethos | appeals to ethics or credibility | 28 | |
| 15160141654 | logos | appeal to logic | 29 | |
| 15160145290 | Pathos | appeals to emotion | 30 | |
| 15160148871 | Begging the question | When someone bases an argument of something no one else believes; no one is listening | 31 | |
| 15160159611 | Casual relationship | Relationship where one thing leads to another | 32 | |
| 15160202558 | Colloquialism | Words that can be used informally; slang | 33 | |
| 15160218032 | Conclusion | The final paragraph of an essay | 34 | |
| 15160224076 | Connotation | how a word makes you feel | 35 | |
| 15160230119 | Emphasis | stress put on the important parts of an essay | 36 | |
| 15160244526 | essay | a short prose over a specific topic | 37 | |
| 15160248211 | Eupherism | substitution of a generally acceptable word or concept | 38 | |
| 15160272163 | Example | illustration of a concept or idea | 39 | |
| 15160282343 | Generalization | A statement that asserts some broad truth based on specific array of cases | 40 | |
| 15160296163 | logical fallacy | errors in reasoning | 41 | |
| 15160299759 | objective writing | writing the is based on hard facts | 42 | |
| 15160313670 | subjective writing | writing based on a personal opinion | 43 | |
| 15160321885 | red herring | side argument to distract from the main argument | 44 | |
| 15160328663 | Sarcasam | bitter caustic language to hurt or ridicule someone | 45 | |
| 15160338097 | Satire | the use of wit and humor tin order to ridicule society's weaknesses > critical to make a point > humorous but serious | 46 | |
| 15169868907 | Subordination | parts of a sentence that aren't important to the main idea (dependent clauses) | 47 | |
| 15169881203 | Tone | how the writer feels about the subject audience | 48 | |
| 15169892269 | Understatement | extreme under exaggeration | 49 | |
| 15169894666 | voice | the presence of the author in a writing ( dashes, humor) | 50 | |
| 15169909424 | Abstract | words that refer to something that cannot be observed with the five sentences (love, happiness..) | 51 | |
| 15169921787 | Ad populum argument | where something is assumed to be true because many people believe that it is | 52 | |
| 15169928503 | Allegory | story form with a literal and figurative meaning | 53 | |
| 15169936148 | Anaphora | repetition of words in sentences in a row (I have a dream...I have a dream...I have a dream...) | 54 | |
| 15169954071 | Aphorism | Statement that expresses a general truth or moral | 55 | |
| 15169957811 | Apostrophe | when someone speaks to something that is dead or not there | 56 | |
| 15169962903 | attitude | the writer's position or emotion regarding a writings subject | 57 | |
| 15169979607 | Audience | who the writer's message is intended for | 58 | |
| 15169981947 | claim | something you have to support or prove | 59 | |
| 15169987278 | cliche | expression that is used to often and is not longer effective | 60 | |
| 15169994215 | Compare and contrast | finding similarities and differences | 61 | |
| 15169998435 | complex sentence | sentence with a main clause and 1 or more dependant clauses | 62 | |
| 15170011823 | concrete | objects or words that are visible to the senses | 63 | |
| 15170026821 | Evidence | supports a claim | 64 | |
| 15170028697 | Genre | the category all literary works fit under (prose, drama, poetry) | 65 | |
| 15170035369 | inversion | reversing the order of words for desired effect | 66 | |
| 15170045175 | loose sentence | a sentence where the main clause comes at the beginning; followed by dependant clauses | 67 | |
| 15170052923 | metonymy | when the name of one object is swapped for another closely associated with it | 68 | |
| 15170065522 | Periodic sentence | Sentence where the main clause comes at the end (period comes at the end of a sentence) | 69 | |
| 15170069346 | process analysis | listing things in a sequence | 70 | |
| 15170075655 | Rhetorical Question | question that is not meant to be answered ( to prove a point) | 71 | |
| 15170091357 | Synecdoche | when part of something is used to refer to the whole | 72 | |
| 15170096337 | syntax | sentence structure | 73 | |
| 15170116742 | Transition | Words or phrases used to connect ideas | 74 | |
| 15170118656 | Unity | having all parts contribute to the overall effect of one idea (J.K Rowling) | 75 |
AP Language and Composition Flashcards Ilharreguy Flashcards
All the literary terms for mr guys weekly tests
Terms : Hide Images
| 15052104452 | symbol/symbolism | Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. | 0 | |
| 15052104453 | syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences | 1 | |
| 15052104454 | theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. | 2 | |
| 15052104455 | thesis | the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. | 3 | |
| 15052104456 | tone | describes the author's attitude toward his. material, the audience, or both. | 4 | |
| 15052104457 | transition | a word or phrase that links different ideas | 5 | |
| 15052104458 | understatement | The ironic minimizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is. | 6 | |
| 15052104460 | wit | statement is humorous, while suggesting the speaker's verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks | 7 | |
| 15052163100 | Synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa | 8 | |
| 15052165459 | Synethesia | when one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. | 9 |
Flashcards
AP Language Summer Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14739638566 | alliteration | the repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words | 0 | |
| 14739638567 | allusion | a reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize | 1 | |
| 14739638568 | analogy | an explanation of how two seemingly differing things are similar | 2 | |
| 14739638569 | anaphora | the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive sentences. | 3 | |
| 14739638570 | anecdote | A brief story focusing on a particular incident or event | 4 | |
| 14739638571 | diction | the word choice made by a writer | 5 | |
| 14739638572 | hyperbole | intentional exaggeration to create an effect | 6 | |
| 14739638573 | imagery | language that appeals to one or more of the five senses | 7 | |
| 14739638574 | inference | reasonable conclusions that can be drawn by the reader based upon text evidence | 8 | |
| 14739638575 | juxtaposition | placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast | 9 | |
| 14739638576 | metaphor | a direct comparison of two different things | 10 | |
| 14739638577 | oxymoron | an expression that is self contradictory (e.g. Deafening Silence) | 11 | |
| 14739638578 | parallelism | the purposeful use of sentences or clauses with similar syntactic structure | 12 | |
| 14739638579 | rhetoric | the art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner | 13 | |
| 14739638580 | simile | a comparison of two things using "like" or "as" | 14 | |
| 14739638581 | syllogism | a three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is reached based on a major and minor premise (e.g. All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal) | 15 | |
| 14739638582 | syntax | the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence | 16 | |
| 14739638583 | tone | the attitude of the writer towards the subject or audience | 17 | |
| 14739638584 | understatement | the deliberate representation of something as being less significant than it actually is. | 18 |
Chapter 1 and 2 Terms - AP Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14953872214 | audience | The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have multiple _________. | 0 | |
| 14953872215 | concession | An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, a _______________ is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument. | 1 | |
| 14953872216 | connotation | Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation. _____________ are usually positive or negative, and they can greatly affect the author's tone. | 2 | |
| 14953872217 | context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text | 3 | |
| 14953872218 | counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring a ___________, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and refutation.. | 4 | |
| 14953872219 | ethos | Greek for "character." Speakers appeal to _______ to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. _______ is established by both who you are and what you say. | 5 | |
| 14953872220 | logos | Greek for "embodied thought." Speakers appeal to _________, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up. | 6 | |
| 14953872221 | pathos | Greek for "suffering" or "experience." Speakers appeal to _________ to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeals to ________ might play on the audience's values, desires, and hopes, on the one hand, or fears and prejudices, on the other. | 7 | |
| 14953872222 | occasion | The time and place a speech is given or a piece is written. | 8 | |
| 14953872223 | persona | Greek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience. | 9 | |
| 14953872224 | polemic | Greek for "hostile." An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. ___________ generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit. | 10 | |
| 14953872225 | propaganda | The spread of ideas and information to further a cause. In its negative sense, the use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause. | 11 | |
| 14953872226 | purpose | The goal the speaker wants to achieve. | 12 | |
| 14953872227 | refutation | A denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, _________ often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. | 13 | |
| 14953872228 | rhetoric | "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." In other words, it is the art of finding ways to persuade an audience. | 14 | |
| 14953872229 | rhetorical appeals | Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major __________ are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion). | 15 | |
| 14953872230 | rhetorical triangle | A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text. | 16 | |
| 14953872231 | SOAPS | It is a handy way to remember the various elements that make up the rhetorical situation. | 17 | |
| 14953872232 | speaker | The person or group who creates a text. This might be a politician who delivers a speech, a commentator who writes an article, an artist who draws a political cartoon, or even a company that commissions an advertisement. | 18 | |
| 14953872233 | subject | The topic of a text. What the text is about. | 19 | |
| 14953872234 | text | While this term generally means the written word, in the humanities it has come to mean any cultural product that can be "read"-meaning not just consumed and comprehended, but investigated. This includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, political cartoons, fine art, photography, performances, fashion, cultural trends, and much more. | 20 | |
| 14953872235 | alliteration | Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence. | 21 | |
| 14953872236 | allusion | Brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art. | 22 | |
| 14953872237 | anaphora | Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines. | 23 | |
| 14953872238 | antimetabole | Repetition of words in reverse order. | 24 | |
| 14953872239 | antithesis | Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction. | 25 | |
| 14953872240 | archaic diction | Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words. | 26 | |
| 14953872241 | asyndeton | Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. | 27 | |
| 14953872242 | cumulative sentence | Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on. | 28 | |
| 14953872243 | hortative sentence | Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action. | 29 | |
| 14953872244 | imperative sentence | Sentence used to command or enjoin. | 30 | |
| 14953872245 | inversion | Inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order). | 31 | |
| 14953872246 | juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences. | 32 | |
| 14953872247 | metaphor | Figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as. | 33 | |
| 14953872248 | oxymoron | Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another. | 34 | |
| 14953872249 | parallelism | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. | 35 | |
| 14953872250 | periodic sentence | Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end. | 36 | |
| 14953872251 | personification | Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea. | 37 | |
| 14953872252 | rhetorical question | Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer. | 38 | |
| 14953872253 | synecdoche | Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole. | 39 | |
| 14953872254 | zeugma | Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings. | 40 | |
| 14953886544 | inversion | inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order) | 41 | |
| 14953886545 | cumulative sentence | sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on | 42 | |
| 14953886546 | Epistrophe | the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences | 43 | |
| 14953886547 | metonymy | A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it | 44 |
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