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AP Psychology Chapter 13 Flashcards

9282235770	Personality	An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. Example: Type A and Type B personality Approach: Psychodynamic	0
9282235771	Free Association	In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. Example: I'll say a word and you have to say the first word that comes to mind. Approach: Psychodynamic	1
9282235772	Psychoanalysis	Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. Example: Id, ego, superego Approach: Psychodynamic	2
9282235773	Unconscious	According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. Example: Psychoanalysis Approach: Psychodynamic	3
9282235774	Id	Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. Example: Immediate desires Approach: Psychodynamic	4
9282235775	Ego	The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. Example: Conscious brain, reality Approach: Psychodynamic	5
9282235776	Superego	The part of the personality in Freud's theory that is responsible for making moral choices. Example: Idealism Approach: Psychodynamic	6
9282235777	Psychosexual Stages	The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. Example: Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital Approach: Evolutionary	7
9282235778	Oedipus Complex	According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. example: Mother complex Approach: Evolutionary	8
9282235779	Identification	The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos. example: Boy/girl tries to be like father/mother Approach: Sociocultural	9
9282235780	Fixation	According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psycho sexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved. Example: Unmovable, doesn't mature. Approach: Psyodynamic	10
9282235781	Defense Mechanism	In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. Example: Denies reality Approach: Humanistic	11
9282235782	Repression	In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. Example: Forgetting about a test even if you have known about it for months. Approach: Evolutionary	12
9282235783	Regression	Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psycho sexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated. Example: Sleeping with your teddy bear when you feel home sick. Approach: Evolutionary	13
9282235784	Reaction Formation	Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. Example: Denying that you like someone while being beat red. Approach: Evolutionary	14
9282235785	Projection	Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. Example: Hypocrites Approach: Evolutionary	15
9282235786	Rationalization	Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions. Example: I'll eat this cake and run an extra mile on my workout. Approach: Psychodynamic	16
9282235787	Displacement	Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet. Example: Punching a pillow when you get in a fight with someone Approach: Behavioral	17
9282235788	Denial	The action of declaring something to be untrue. Example: Denying that something happened even if it may be true. Approach: Evolutionary	18
9282235789	Collective Unconscious	Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history. Example: Mother is the nurturing figure Approach: Evolutionary	19
9282235790	Projective Test	A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one's inner thoughts and feelings. Example: Rorschach test Approach: Psychodynamic	20
9282235791	Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)	A projective test developed by Henry Murray and his colleagues that involves creating stories about ambiguous scene that can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Example: Projective test Approach: Psychodynamic	21
9282235792	Rorschach Inkblot Test	A projective psychological test consisting of 10 inkblots printed on cards (five in black and white, five in color) created in 1921 with the publication of Psychodiagnostik by Hermann Rorschach. Example: Colorful or black and white personality test Approach: Psychodynamic	22
9282235793	Terror-Management Theory	Proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death. Example: Managing fear of morality Approach: Psychodynamic	23
9282235794	Self-Actualization	According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential. Example: Gandi Approach: Humanistic	24
9282235795	Unconditional Positive Regard	According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. Example: Vital to cope with stress Approach: Behavioral	25
9282235796	Self-Concept	Central to the person's behavior, consists of a person's beliefs/feelings about himself at any given time. Example: "Who am I" Approach: Cognitive	26
9282235797	Trait	A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports. Example: Introvert, optimistic Approach: Behavioral	27
9282235798	Personality Inventory	A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors. Example: Five- factor model Approach: Cognitive	28
9282235799	Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)	The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally used to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes. Example: Inventory Approach: Psychodynamic	29
9282235800	Empirically Derived Test	A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups. Example: Spelling bee words Approach: biological	30
9282235801	Social-Cognitive Perspective	Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons and their social context. Example: Saying you like something because other people do. Approach: Sociocultural	31
9282235802	Reciprocal Determinism	The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors. Example: How a class acts when the teacher is in the room vs. when they leave Approach: Sociocultural	32
9282235803	Personal Control	Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless. Example: When everything seems manageable Approach: Sociocultural	33
9282235804	External Locus of Control	The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate. Example: It is fate Approach: Psychodynamic	34
9282235805	Internal Locus of Control	The perception that one controls one's own fate. Example: I'm in charge Approach: Cognitive	35
9282235806	Learned Helplessness	The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. Example: A lady who blames her never ending shopping on the economy Approach: Cognitive	36
9282235807	Positive Psychology	The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. Example: Similar to unconditional positive regard Approach: Psychodynamic	37
9282235808	Self	A person's essential being that distinguishes them from others, especially considered as the object of introspection or reflexive action. Example: This is me Approach: Psychodynamic	38
9282235809	Spotlight Effect	Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders. Example: Feeling like you are on stage Approach: Cognitive	39
9282235810	Self-Esteem	One's feelings of high or low self-worth. Example: Fourth step in Maslow's Hierarchy of needs Approach: Evolutionary	40
9282235811	Self-Serving Bias	A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. Example: Got a good grade on a test, studied hard Approach: Cognitive	41

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Ap Flashcards

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13571080876	Cartography	0
13571080877	Contagious Diffusion	1
13571080878	Cultural Ecology	2
13571080879	cultural landscape	3
13571080880	Culture	4
13571080881	Density	5
13571080882	Diffusion	6
13571080883	Distance Decay	7
13571080884	Distribution	8
13571080885	environmental determinism	9
13571080886	Equator	10
13571080887	Expansion Diffusion	11
13571080888	formal region	12
13571080889	Functional Region	13
13571080890	GIS	14
13571080891	GPS	15
13571080892	Hearth	16
13571080893	Hierarchical Diffusion	17
13571080894	International Date Line	18
13571080895	Latitude (parallels)	19
13571080896	LDCs	20
13571080897	longitudes (meridians)	21
13571080898	MDCs	22
13571080899	Possibilism	23
13571080900	Prime Meridian	24
13571080901	Projection	25
13571080902	relocation diffusion	26
13571080903	remote sensing	27
13571080904	Scale	28
13571080905	Site	29
13571080906	Situation	30
13571080907	space-time compression	31
13571080908	spatial analysis	32
13571080909	Stimulus Diffusion	33
13571080910	time zones	34
13571080911	Toponym	35
13571080912	uneven development	36
13571080913	vernacular region	37
13571080914	"Why of Where"	38

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AP - le logement Flashcards

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13516715303	housing	le logement	0
13516715304	at home	chez soi	1
13516715305	repairs	les réparations (f.)	2
13516715306	DIY	le bricolage	3
13516715307	hardware store	la quincaillerie	4
13516715308	hammer	le marteau	5
13516715309	nail	le clou	6
13516715310	screwdriver	le tournevis	7
13516715311	roof	le toit	8
13516715312	kitchen	la cuisine	9
13516715313	bathroom	la salle de bains	10
13516715314	toilet	les toilettes (f.)	11
13516715315	sink	le lavabo	12
13516715316	living room	le salon	13
13516715317	dining room	la salle à manger	14
13516715318	bedroom	la chambre (à coucher)	15
13516715319	patio/balcony	la terrasse	16
13516715320	yard	le jardin	17
13516715321	garden	le potager	18
13516715322	yard work	le jardinage	19
13516715323	real estate agency	l'agence immobilière	20
13516715324	neighborhood	le quartier	21
13516715325	zip code	le code postal	22
13516715326	building	le bâtiment	23
13516715327	bills	les factures (f.)	24
13516715328	mortgage	le prêt immobilier	25
13516715329	rent	le loyer	26
13516715330	to rent	louer	27
13516715331	heat	le chauffage	28
13516715332	electricity	l'électricité (f.)	29
13516715333	gas	le gaz	30
13516715334	floor (level)	l'étage (m.)	31
13516715335	ground floor	le rez-de-chaussée	32
13516715336	furnished	meublé	33
13516715337	furniture	les meubles (m.)	34
13516715338	lease	le bail	35
13516715339	loft bed	la mezzanine	36
13516715340	loft apartment	le loft	37
13516715341	studio apartment	le studio	38
13516715342	efficiency apartment	un T1/F1	39
13516715343	1-bedroom apartment	un T2/F2	40
13516715344	2-bedroom apartment	un T3/F3	41
13516715345	roommate	le/la colocataire	42
13516715346	Social welfare office for housing/families	la CAF	43

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Chapters 19 and 20 Ap world history Flashcards

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11626071489	What was going on during the age of enlightenment	reformation; Luther; people were scared to go against the church	0
11626089083	The scientific revolution	A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.	1
11626095607	Hellocentric theory	the idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun. Scientists include: Nicolas Copernicus Tycho Brahe Johanne Kepler Galileo Galileil	2
11626098223	Geocentric Theory	Earth is the center of the Universe	3
11626153085	Issac Newton	British scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity, experimented with optics, invented differential calculus and wrote "Principia" insisted upon empirical rationalization to check rational explanation. Encouraged nature philosophy	4
11626198659	Francis Bacon	(1561-1626) English politician, writer. Formalized the empirical method. (proving) Inductive reasoning. Empiricism	5
11626255369	Rene Descartes	I think therefore I am. research going beyond empiricism	6
11626283446	French Royal Academy of Sciences	society funded by Louis XIV, which was thought to benefit the king and state and emphasized practical science for new tools and machines. people: Newton Darwin Einstein	7
11626310622	British Royal Society	1750-1914 : Association of scientists established in England in 1660 that was dedicated to the promotion of "useful knowledge". Charles II	8
11626326898	Royal society of sciences in Uppsala	People: Linneaus	9
11626336052	Royal swedish society	Noble prize	10
11626347413	how did the age of exploration impact the study of science?	Sciences were needed for fame and money (like arts)	11
11626367837	John Locke	argued against the belief that human beings are born with certain ideas already in their minds "tabula rasa" experiences shape character rejected that sin permanently flawed humans humans can take charge of their own destiny government should protect property governments are needed	12
11626457607	Utopia	perfect society	13
11626465543	Enlightenment thinking	Emphasized natural law and de-emphasized God's role in the world. France= no freedom of speech England and netherlands = most freedom of speech	14
11626485061	where did many enlightenment thinkers do their work?	Coffee houses, and salons	15
11626500614	Where did enlightenment ideas present the largest challenge?	France and Spain because people were afraid to go against the church	16
11626516595	What invention was pivotal once again during the age of enlightenment?	Printing press because it spread ideas faster	17
11626526811	The philosophers	People who favored change, championed reform and advocated tolerance. would most likely be found at university's or coffee houses. were usually for expansion of trade, improvement of agriculture and transportation, invention of new industries. No preaching No god However they varied views on specific government forms: some like constitutional monarchy; some like a republic.	18
11626577953	Deism is the belief that	God created the universe but does not actively run it. very tolerant, reasonable, capable of encouraging virtuous living.	19
11626600854	The enlightenment and Religion	The enlightenment challenges the church and its concepts of "original sin" Also challenged for its practices: Not paying taxes being rulers and religious leaders literary censorship The enlightenment did not like that the church was separate from its people NO THROCRACY	20
11626804640	Voltaire	French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, imprisoned at bastille for offending louis XIV. Preached tolerance Published works: Letter on the English Emelments on the philosophy of newton Candide	21
11626876393	The Encyclopedia	Edited by Denis Diderot and Joan Le Rond d'Alembert. aimed to secularize learning and take religion out of learning	22
11626921771	Beccaria and Reform of Criminal law	Wrote On Crimes and Punishment (1764) Spoke put against torture and capital punishment. wanted speedy trails severity of punishment should be based on the severity of the crime The purpose of laws was to guarantee happiness for as many people as possible. believed draconian laws were a thing of the past	23
11627054227	Adam Smith	wrote the Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Argued best way to create economic growth was for propel to pursue thrown selfish self interests. Founder of laissez faire economic thought	24
11627108117	laws of supply and demand	when supplies of goods and services become plentiful, prices tend to drop. When supplies become scarcer, prices tend to rise.	25
11627117045	Laissez-faire economics	Theory that opposes governmental interference in economic affairs beyond what is necessary to protect life and property. (wartime economy)	26
11627153394	Montesquieu	(1689-1755) wrote 'Spirit of the Laws', said that no single set of political laws was applicable to all - depended on relationship and variables, supported division of government. Believed in separation of powers	27
11627171976	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	Wrote "Social Contract" he explained an ideal society where each community member would vote on issues and majority would become one law. Discourse on the moral effects of the arts and sciences Discourse on the origin of inequality If majority get their way=Tierany	28
11627218456	Enlightened Absolutism	a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers (tricky but possible)	29
11627229268	Frederick the Great of Prussia	Promotion through Merit- work and education rather than birth would decide who would run prussia religious tolerance- for christian, muslim, and jew Reforms included- Abolishing torte and limiting the number of capital crimes Enlightened Absolutist	30
11627267177	Prussia	NOT RUSSIA!!!!!!!! military driven, growing power	31
11627294314	Joesph II of Austria	Centralization of Authority- aimed to extend Austro-Hungarian empire at the expense of the ottoman empir, poland and bolivia ecclesiastical polices- religious toleration, and bringing the Roman Catholic church under royal control Economic reform Attempts to abolish serfdom improves transportation and trade	32
11627360292	Austro-Hungarian Empire	Dual Monarchy established by hapsburgs	33
11627371083	Junkers	Germany Nobility	34
11627379962	Catherine the Great	Ruled for 30 years, married into the Romanov dynasty. 2nd sovereign female 3 major goals: 1) continue the work of westernization started under the rule pf peter the great 2) Domestic reforms: improve eduction, allow limited religious toleration, prepare a new legal code (successful) Forbid torture (mildly successful) eliminate the institution of serfdom and limit the power of boyars (not successful) 3)Territorial expansion: achieved through acquisition of parts of poland, the ukraine and Crimea	35
11627800238	Enclosure Acts	a series of United Kingdom Acts of Parliament which enclosed open fields and common land in the country, creating legal property rights to land that was previously considered common.	36
11627804068	cottage industry	Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.	37
11627810014	Indentured Servitude	A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans	38
11627872141	Slave colonies	British- Jamaica Spanish- Santo Domingo and Cuba Portuguese- Brazil French- Saint Domingue	39
11627903878	Creoles	In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. upperclass and believed n enlightenment	40
11627934318	sugar	catalyst to slave trade	41
11627944052	Abolishment of Slavery	french 1st to abolish Brazil and cuba last	42
11627964995	Tasman voyages	australians were barbaric so he didn't claim australia for the dutch	43
11627982350	people native to australia	Aborigines	44
11627997511	Cooks voyages	viewed australian people as hospitable. however viewed native peoples of new zealand as barbaric. Killed in hawaii	45
11628025379	Maori	indigenous people of New Zealand	46
11628034307	how did enlightenment ideas get to the Americas	Trade and exploration	47
11628045636	how did the enlightenment ideas impact the history of the Americas?	Fueled revolutions, made people realize they didn't have representation in parliament. People began to push back from their mother nations.	48
11635130362	West Africa	Senegambia and Benin	49
11635165682	stateless societies	African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states. No borders	50
11635174749	Agriculture in west Africa	Limited farming because of titzi flys. Grew yams and beans	51
11635191994	Benin Kingdom	dominated a large region around the Nigeria delta. Slave kingdom	52
11635208015	Trade in West Africa	slaves and was in the middle of the salt gold trade from north and south Africa	53
11635216395	Type of society in west Africa	Matriarchal because many of the men were taken for slave trade.	54
11635228279	Age grade power system in Western Africa	Older you are the more power you have	55
11635237990	Oba	king in Western Africa	56
11635255014	Songhai slave economy	was a muslim kingdom	57
11644637662	the sudan	songhai, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland	58
11644644735	The west coast	Senegambia and Benin	59
11644665624	Sudan: internal problems	religious division	60
11644684152	Kanem-Bornu	Had military strength and lots of warfare.	61
11644688285	Hausa trade	Slave merchants	62
11644756284	Polygamy	multiple spouses. Societies were poliginy (multiple wives)	63
11644773493	Agriculture	Western african farmers struggle because of the titzi flies	64
11644794077	Western Africa	Disease and Drought	65
11644843613	Trade among African Societies	Trade routes: Sand roads Products: West -> Shara gold and slaves Shara-> west salt	66
11644915708	Who dominated slave trade and trade.	Portuguese for a while.	67
11644942539	The East African Coast	Ethiopia: Jesuit influences	68
11645004824	Christanity in Nigeria	less than muslim and islam	69
11645037230	Pastor John	Legend. Wealthy guy	70
11645050016	Swahili city states	Vasco de game - sailed around them and discovered.	71
11645140848	Noncooperation	Swahili city states stopped trading with the portuguese so they would leave them alone	72
11645167479	Benin and angola	Places people took the slaves from	73
11645306833	Portuguese	First explore to eastern africa	74
11645309911	Kingdom of Axume	In Ethiopia	75
11645325783	King Ezana and Frumentius	Create coptic christianity	76
11645376422	noteworthy trade cities	Mogadishu Kilwa Malindini sophala mumbali	77
11645441109	Impact Portuguese on Swahili states	trade goods; cause evacuation of cities eventually	78
11645460779	slave trade	Started in Spanish Americas. Many slaves landed in the Caribbean islands	79
11645471833	Asiento System	System that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.	80
11645483223	where were slaves taken from?	transported from the heart of africa to west Africa and finally to the Americas	81
11645511013	what was shoreline trading?	Method of obtaining slaves and making slave trade more efficient	82
11645588000	How did they capture and ship slaves?	shore trading	83
11645597719	Middle Passage	A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies. Awful journey	84
11645604877	Slavery Gender Imbalance	Men were in high demand . Created polygamous societies	85
11645623001	Africas slave supplying states	The asante Oyo and kongo states	86
11645637691	What class rose in sub saharan africa	Warrior class	87