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Certified Billing and Coding Specialist Flashcards

Information I used to study for my CBCS exam

9326422978	Rejected Claim	Claim that requires and investigation and needs further clarification	0
9326422979	CPT Appendix I	Genetic Testing Code Modifiers	1
9326422980	CPT Appendix H	Alphabetic index of performance measures by clinical condition or topic	2
9326422981	CPT Appendix G	Summary of CPT Codes that include moderate (conscious) sedation	3
9326422982	ICD-9-CM Volume II	Index to Diseases and Injuries	4
9326422983	CPT Appendix L	Vascular Families	5
9326422984	99201-99499	Evaluation and Management	6
9326422985	CPT Appendix K	Product pending FDA approval	7
9326422986	mast	breast	8
9326422987	lith	stone	9
9326422988	myo	muscle	10
9326422989	ICD-9-CM Volume III	Tabular List of Procedures and Alphabetic Index to Procedures	11
9326422990	CPT Appendix B	Summary of additions, deletions, and revisions	12
9326422991	-graphy	process of recording	13
9326422992	-gram	record	14
9326422993	-lysis	separation, breakdown, destruction	15
9326422994	supra-	above,beyond	16
9326422995	brady-	slow	17
9326422996	lighting bolt symbol in the CPT manual means	FDA approval pending	18
9326422997	endo-	inside, within	19
9326422998	oste	bone	20
9326422999	derm	skin	21
9326423000	filled in triangle symbol in the CPT manual means	revised CPT code	22
9326423001	# in the CPT manual means	re-sequenced code	23
9326423002	bow tie symbol in the CPT manual means	contains new or revised text	24
9326423003	90281-99199 & 99500-99602	medicine, except anesthesiology	25
9326423004	enter	intestine	26
9326423005	Medicare Part A	Hospital Insurance Benefits, pays for portions of inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing care, home health care, and hospice care	27
9326423006	episi	Vulva	28
9326423007	gastro	stomach	29
9326423008	CPT Appendix F	Summary of CPT codes exempt from modifier 63	30
9326423009	80048-89356	Pathology and Laboratory	31
9326423010	CPT Appendix C	Clinical examples	32
9326423011	Chapter	Main division of the ICD-9-CM Tabular list	33
9326423012	70010-79999	Radiology Section, including Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Ultrasound	34
9326423013	Subclassifications	Five digit ICD-9-CM codes that provide the highest level of specificity to describe the condition; use of the fifth digit sub-classification is mandatory if available	35
9326423014	ICD-9-CM Appendix E	list of three-digit categories	36
9326423015	CPT Category III codes	temporary codes for emerging technology, services and procedures. Also have an alphabetic character for the 5th digit.	37
9326423016	CPT Appendix M	deleted CPT codes	38
9326423017	salping	Fallopian tube	39
9326423018	artn	joints	40
9326423019	Medicare Part C	(Formerly Medicare plus (+) choice plan) Was created to offer a number of healthcare services in addition to those available under Part A part B. The CMS contracts with managed care plans or provider service organizations to provide Medicare benefits. A premium similar to part B may be required for coverage to take effect.	41
9326423020	stomat	mouth	42
9326423021	(/) in the CPT manual means	modifier 51 exempt	43
9326423022	ICD-9-CM Volume I	Diseases: Tabular list	44
9326423023	inter-	Between	45
9326423024	-pexy	surgical fixation	46
9326423025	-algia	Pain	47
9326423026	hemi-	half, partial	48
9326423027	hypo-	Below, deficient	49
9326423028	infra-	Below	50
9326423029	CPT Appendix A	modifiers	51
9326423030	CPT Category II Codes	codes used for performance measurement	52
9326423031	Implied Contract	no formal exchange takes place between the parties either verbally or in writing EX. When patients enter the practice	53
9326423032	-emia	blood condition	54
9326423033	epi-	upon, above	55
9326423034	neo-	new	56
9326423035	oligo-	scanty, little	57
9326423036	gloss	tongue	58
9326423037	Medicare Part B	Covers outpatient care, physician services and services ordered by physicians (diagnostic tests, medical equipment, supplies).	59
9326423038	hepato	liver	60
9326423039	hyster	uterus	61
9326423040	lapar	abdomen	62
9326423041	CPT Appendix D	Summary of CPT add-on codes	63
9326423042	Categories	3 digit codes representing a single disease or condition	64
9326423043	lact	milk	65
9326423044	CPT category I code	permanent codes and consist of six sections	66
9326423045	bulls eye symbol in the CPT manual means	Moderate (conscious) Sedation	67
9326423046	CMS-1500	Health Insurance Claim Form	68
9326423047	-plasty	Surgical repair	69
9326423048	section	compromised of a group of 3-digit categories representing a group of conditions or related condtions	70
9326423049	oophor	ovary	71
9326423050	Tricare	A government health program that serves dependents of active-duty service members, military retirees and their families, some former spouses, and survivors of deceased military members; formerly called CHAMPUS.	72
9326423051	Medicare	1965 , a federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older	73
9326423052	ante-	Before	74
9326423053	filled in circle symbol in the CPT manual means	new code	75
9326423054	cholecyst	gallbladder	76
9326423055	-megaly	enlargement	77
9326423056	-meter	measure	78
9326423057	chondro	cartilage	79
9326423058	subcategories	4 digit codes (3 digits a decimal point and the 4th digit) are more specific than the category (3 digit) code in terms of cause, site, or manifestation of the condition	80
9326423059	10021-69990	Surgery	81
9326423060	ICD-9-CM Appendix A	Morphology of Neoplasms	82
9326423061	V Codes	are used to describe circumstances or encounters with physician or healthcare provider when no current illness or injury exists.	83
9326423062	anti-	against	84
9326423063	E Codes	supplementary classification of external causes of injury and poisoning and other adverse effects	85
9326423064	+ symbol in the CPT manual means	Add-on Code	86
9326423065	-centesis	surgical puncture	87
9326423066	-ectomy	removal, resection, excision	88
9326423067	CPT Appendix E	Summary of CPT codes exempt from modifier 51	89
9326423068	-rrhagia	bursting forth of blood	90
9326423069	pre-	before, in front of	91
9326423070	pseudo-	false	92
9326423071	colp	vagina	93
9326423072	pan-	all	94
9326423073	para-	beside	95
9326423074	-oma	tumor, mass	96
9326423075	-osis	abnormal condition	97
9326423076	CHAMPVA	Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veteran Affairs; health benefits program that provides coverage to the spouse or widow(er) of a U.S. military veteran.	98
9326423077	Medicaid	health insurance program in which the federal government makes payments to states under the FMAP	99
9326423078	Workers' Compensation Plans	Federal- or State- designated coverage for work-related illnesses and injuries	100
9326423079	cephal	head	101
9326423080	cardi	heart	102
9326423081	pneum	lung	103
9326423082	express contract	A contract in which the terms of the agreement are fully and explicitly stated in words, oral or written.	104
9326423083	ex-	out, out of	105
9326423084	nat	birth	106
9326423085	-stomy	opening	107
9326423086	-therapy	treatment	108
9326423087	tetra-	four	109
9326423088	sub-	under	110
9326423089	-rrhea	discharge, flow	111
9326423090	-pathy	disease conditon	112
9326423091	poly-	many	113
9326423092	Medicare Part D	Private Prescription Plans that help with the cost of prescription medication	114
9326423093	-per	through	115
9326423094	ICD-9-CM Appendix D	Classification of Industrial Accidents according to agency	116
9326423095	ICD-9-CM Appendix C	Classification of Drugs by American Hospital Formulary services list number and their ICD-9-CM equivalents	117
9326423096	-sclerosis	hardening	118
9326423097	ICD-9-CM Appendix B	Glossary of Mental Disorders (Deleted in 2004)	119
9326423098	Rhin	nose	120
9326423099	a- or an-	without	121
9326423100	-scopy	to view	122
9326423101	-tomy	incision, to cut into	123
9326423102	dys-	painful, difficult	124
9326423103	00100-01999 & 99100-99140	Anesthesiology	125
9326423104	-itis	inflammation	126
9326423105	-rrhaphy	suture	127
9326423106	CPT Appendix J	electrodiagnostic medicine listing of sensory, motor, and mixed nerves	128
9326423107	CPT Appendix N	summary of re-sequenced CPT codes	129
9326423108	Microcephaly	Down's Syndrome	130
9326423109	Dirty Claim	contains errors or omissions	131
9326423110	clean claim	has all required fields accurately filled out, contains no deficiencies and passes all edits	132
9326423111	invalid claim	contains complete necessary information but is incorrect or illogical in some way	133

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13412233128	Production	an object that is more valuable than the sum of the raw materials	0
13412233129	Industrialization	the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale that are involved with manufacturing	1
13412233130	production chain	The process that transforms raw materials into a finished product, then distributes that product for consumption by households, government, or industries.	2
13412233131	Break-of-bulk point	A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.	3
13412233132	optimum location	According to economist Alfred Weber, the ideal location for a manufacturing plant: where there is a balance between the locations of the various raw materials, the labor force, and the markets where the final products would be sold.	4
13412233133	Bulk gaining	GAINS size or weight in production -Best to locate close to market	5
13412233134	Bulk losing	raw materials are broken down and made further from market	6
13412233135	forward linkages	forward to further refined goods	7
13412233136	backward linkages	to your inputs	8
13412233137	base employment	Employment that supports jobs in the service sector and other manufacturing industries.	9
13412233138	multiplier effect	The direct, indirect, and induced consequences of change in an activity. one job results in two jobs	10
13412233139	venture capitalists	Individuals or companies that invest in new businesses in exchange for partial ownership of those businesses.	11
13412233140	high technology clusters	Areas that have a high concentration of specialized labor, specialized inputs, knowledge spillovers, and market/user accessibility that benefits the high-technology industry.	12
13412233141	Footloose industry	Industry not bound by locational constraints and able to choose to locate wherever it wants.	13
13582548936	Deterritorialization	allows for social and economic activities to occur regardless of where people are physically located	14
13582548937	Transnational Corporation	A firm that conducts business in at least two separate countries; also known as multinational corporations.	15
13582548938	conspicuous consumption	buying expensive services and products in order to flaunt your wealth; Thorstein Veblen	16
13583418071	commodity chain	the design, production, marketing, & retail of a product	17
13583418072	Hotelling's Model	(dealt with locational interdependence) the location of industries can't be understood w/o reference to the location of other industries of like kind; two similar vendors would locate next to each other in the middle of a market area to maximize profit (or beach/street as his model suggests).	18
13583418073	Bimodal	short distance for basic goods; long distance for luxury goods	19
13583418074	"the wealth of nations"	1776, Adam Smith. founder of modern capitalism	20
13584839129	Protectionism	placing high tariffs to protect companies & workers	21
13584839130	embargo	choking off supplies of a critical resource	22
13584839131	Autarky	economic independence or self-sufficiency	23
13584839132	comparative advantage	the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer	24
13584839133	competitive advantage	a set of unique features of a company and its products that are perceived by the target market as significant and superior to those of the competition	25
13584839134	currency manipulation	benefits the exporters; strong vs weak is determined over time	26
13584839135	node	places in their own right or intersection	27
13584839136	link	routes that connect nodes	28
13584839137	congestion charge	the amount of money you have to pay each day to drive into a city centre in order to reduce traffic	29

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12395491060	napilitan	teorya na nagsasabing ang kabiguan ng isang tao na makamit ang kaniyang hangarin sa legal na oaraan ay nagtutulak sa kaniya na kumilos nang hindi naaayon sa batas	0
12395491061	pagbabansag	teorya na nagsasabing ginagawa at isinasabuhay ng isang tao ang kahulugan ng itinatawag sa kaniya	1
12395491062	proletaryo	tawag sa mga manggagawa na nabubuhay gamit ang lakad paggawa	2
12395491063	bangsamoro	pangalan ng bansang nais itatag ng mga separistang Muslim sa Mindanao	3
12395491064	archipelagic doctrine	isinasaad sa doctrinang ito na ang mga pinakadulong pulo ng isang bansang kapuluan ay pag uugnayin ng mga tuwid na guhit, at ang lahat ng nakapaloob doon ay siyang teritoryo ng bansa	4
12395491065	Sultan Mohammad Pulalum	unang sultan sa Su na pumayag na ipaupa ang Sabah sa mga Briton	5
12395491066	Tomas Cloma	negosyanteng mandaragat na nagpangalan sa mga pulo sa kanluran ng Palawan bilang 'Free Territory of Freedomland'	6
12395491067	Benigo Aquino III	sa ilalim ng kaniyang pamumuno, dinala ng Pilipinas ang isyu ng pag aangkin sa mga teritoryo sa West Philippine Sea sa United Nations Permanent Court of Arbitration sa The Hague, Netherlands noong 2013	7
12395491068	Politica de Familia	tawag sa relasyon ng nga makapangyarihang pamilya, kanilang mga kaanak, at mga tagasunod sa pagpapalawig ng kanilang interes sa politika	8
12395491069	Ombudsman	ahensya na may mandato na nag imbestiga at magdakdal ng mga opisyal ng pamahalaan sa mga kasong nay kinalaman sa katiwalian at korupsiyon	9
12395491070	Revised Penal Code of the Philippines	kalipunan ng mga batas ng Pilipinas patungkol sa krimen at ang karampatang kaparusahan nito	10
12395491071	incapacitation	polisiya ng pagpapataas ng parusa ng pagkakabilanggo sa mga kriminal na umuulit ng kanilang maling gawi	11
12395491072	Sabah	teritoryong inaangkin ng Pilipinas na kasalukuyang pinamamahalaan ng Malaysia	12
12395491073	pagpapaupa	sa 'Deed of 1878' ang salitang padyak na sinalin ayon sa dokumentong sinusunod sa Malaysia ay _____	13
12395491074	natibismo	politikal na patakaran at paninindigan na pagpabor sa mga mamamayang doon ipinanganak at lumaki kaysa sa mga migrante	14
12395491075	Tsino	lahing may pinakamalaking populasyon ng mga transnasyonal sa Pilipinas	15
12395491076	10742	batas republika na may probisyon na nagbabawal maging kandidato ng Sangguniang Kabataan ang sinumang may kamag anak na inihalal na opisyal na kasalukuyang nanunungkulan	16
12395491077	Bangsamoro Juridical Entity	balak buuin ayon sa 'Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain' sa pagitan ng pamahalaan at MILF	17
12395491078	Hukbalahap	grupong binuo ng Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas noong 1942	18
12395491079	Gregorio Honasan	pinuno ng Reform the Armed Forces Movement noong dekada '80 na kabikang sa mga lider ng mga tangkang kudeta laban sa Pangulong Corazon Aquino	19
12395491080	Disyembre 1989	Kailan nangyari ang intinuturing na punakamalawak at pinakaorganisadong tangkang kudeta sa panunungkulan ni Pangulong Aquino	20

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12739353681	Berlin Wall	Wall constructed by East German authorities in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from the West; it was breached in November 9, 1989	0
12739353682	Bolsheviks	Russian revolutionary party led by Vladimir Lenin and later renamed the Communist Party; the name "Bolshevik" means "the majority"	1
12739353683	building socialism	Euphemistic expression for the often-forcible transformation of society when a communist regime came to power in a state.	2
12739353684	Fidel Castro	Revolutionary leader of Cuba from 1959-2008 who gradually turned to Soviet communism and engendered some of the worst crises of the cold war.	3
12739353685	Chinese Revolution	Long revolutionary process between 1912-1949 that began with the overthrow of the Chinese imperial system and ended with the triumph of the communist Party under the leadership of Mao Zedong.	4
12739353686	cold war	Political and ideological state of near-war between the Western world and the communist world that lasted from 1946-1991.	5
12739353687	collectivizations	Process of rural reform undertaken by the communist leadership of both the USSR and China in which private property rights were abolished and peasants were forced onto larger and more industrialized farms to work and share the proceeds as a community rather than as individuals.	6
12739353688	Comintern	In full, "Communist International"; Soviet organization intended to control the polices and actions of other communist states.	7
12739353689	Cuban Missile Crisis	Major standoff between the US and the Soviet Union in 1962 over Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba; the confrontation ended in compromise, with the USSR removing its missiles in exchange for the US agreeing not to invade Cuba.	8
12739353690	Cultural Revolutions	China's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a massive campaign launched by Mao Zedong in the mid-1960s to combat the capitalist tendencies that he believed reached into even the highest ranks of the Communist Party; the campaign threw China into chaos.	9
12739353691	Deng Xiaoping	leader of China from 1976-1997 whose reforms essentially dismantled the communist elements from the Chinese economy.	10
12739353692	glasnost	Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of "openness," which allowed greater cultural and intellectual freedom and ended most censorship of the media; the result was a burst of awareness of the problems and corruption of the Soviet system.	11
12739353693	Mikhail Gorbachev	Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985-1991 whose efforts to reform the USSR led to its collapse.	12
12739353694	Great Leap Forward	Major Chinese initiative (1958-1960) led by Mao Zedong that was intended to promote small-scale industrialization and increase knowledge of technology; in reality, it caused a major crisis and exacerbated the impact of a devastating famine.	13
12739353695	Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution	Mao Zedong's great effort in the mid-1960s to weed out capitalist tendencies that he believed had developed in China.	14
12739353696	Great Purges	Also called the Terror, the Great Purges of the late 1930s were a massive attempt to cleanse the Soviet Union of supposed "enemies of the people"; nearly a million people were executed between 1938=1941, and 4 or 5 million more were sentenced to forced labor in the gulag	15
12739353697	gulag	Acronym for the Soviet government agency that administered forced labor camps.	16
12739353698	Guomindang	The Chinese Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek from 1928 until its overthrow by the communists in 1949.	17
12739353699	Nikita Khrushchev	Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953-196	18
12739353700	Lenin	Adopted name of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870-1924), the main leader of Russia's communist revolution and head of the Soviet state from	19
12739353701	Mao Zedong	Chairman of China's Communist Party and de facto ruler of China from 1949-1976.	20
12739353702	McCarthyism	Wave of anticommunist fear and persecution that took place in the United States in the 1950s.	21
12739353703	national security state	Form of government that arose in the United States in response to the cold war and in which defense and intelligence agencies gained great power. Power in general came to be focused in the executive branch.	22
12739353704	perestoika	Bold economic program launched in 1987 by Mikhail Gorbachev with the intention of freeing up Soviet industry and businesses.	23
12739353705	Russian Revolution	Massive revolutionary upheaval in 1917 that overthrew the Romanov dynasty in Russia and ended with the seizure of power by communists under the leadership of Lenin.	24
12739353706	Stalin	Name assumed by Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili (1878-1953), leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death; "Stalin" means "made of steel".	25
12739353707	Warsaw Pact	Military alliance of the USSR and the communist states of Eastern Europe during the cold war.	26
12739353708	Zhenotdel	Women's Department of Communist Party in the Soviet Union from 1919-1930; worked strongly to promote equality for women.	27
12739353709	communism	A political system first developed by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels in the 1840s in which the violent overthrow of societies was advocated and the establishment of a classes state run by the proletariat was imagined. According to Marx, this was a final stage of historical development when social equality and collective living would be most fully developed wholly without private property. Socialism, Marx thought, was an intermediate stage along its way to this final goal.	28
12739353710	USSR	The Soviet Union, included Russia and many surrounding republics; strict government control of the economy.	29
12739353711	Nuclear Arms Race	(1949-1989) The competition between the US and the Soviet Union for supremacy in nuclear warfare. Both countries tried to have the largest nuclear arsenals.	30
12739353712	Karl Marx	1818-1883 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. His analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it had replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.	31
12739353713	Ho Chi Minh	(1890-1969) Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the US from his country. Supported by both communist China and the Soviet Union, he guided Vietnam through decades long warfare to emerge as a communist nation.	32
12739353714	Pol Pot	(1925-1998) Leader of the Khmer Ruge regime in Cambodia from 1975-1979. He is most responsible for the deaths of almost 2 million of his own people due to starvation, execution, and beatings.	33
12739353715	Nicholas II	(r. 1894-1917) Tsar who took the throne after Alexander II's assassination, a weak ruler who used expansionist ventures to deflect attention from domestic issues and neutralized revolutionary movements.	34
12739353716	Marshall Plan	A US program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)	35
12739353717	Jiang Jieshi	(1887-1975) Leader of the Guomindang, or Nationalist party in China. fought to keep China from becoming communist, and to resist the Japanese during WWII. He lost control of China in 1949, and fled to Taiwan where he setup a rival government. Also know as Chiang Kai Shek.	36
12739353718	Sun Yat-sen	Chinese nationalist revolutionary, founder and leader of the Guomindang until his death. He attempted to create a liberal democratic political movement in China but was thwarted by military leaders.	37
12739353719	Tiananmen Square	A huge public space in Beijing, China; in 1989, the site of a student uprising in support of democratic reforms that was crushed by Deng Xiaoping.	38
12739353720	Red Guard	1966-1976 massive movement of students called on by Mao Zedong to perpetuate revolution. Led to a lost generation of students who would have been the future of China, and destruction of intellectual heritage. The attacked "capitalist-roaders" or those who were leading the country slowly toward capitalism.	39
12739353721	Iron Curtain	A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolation during the Cold War. The barrier isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world.	40
12739353722	Korean War	(1950-1953) A conflict between UN forces (primarily US and S Korea) against North Korea, and later China; Gen. Douglas Macarthur led UN forces and was later replaced by Gen. Ridgeway; Resulted in Korea remaining divided at the 38th parallel.	41
12739353723	Vietnam War	A prolonged war (1954-1075) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States. The war ended with North Vietnam uniting the South under communist control.	42
12739353724	Afghanistan	Location for an extended war between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan (1979-1989) that frequently been compared with the Vietnam War for the US. The US supplied weapons for the Mujahideen who fought against the Soviets (and won) forcing the Soviets to withdraw in 1989.	43
12739353725	Third World	Also known as developing nations; nations outside the capitalist industrial nations of the first world and the industrialized communist nation of the second world; generally less economically powerful, but with varied economies.	44
12739353726	Second World	During the Cold War, the group of countries, including the Soviet Union, its (then) Eastern European allies, and China, that embraced communism and central planning to propel economic growth.	45
12739353727	First World	The industrialized capitalist countries of western Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia.	46
12739353728	Tiananmen Square Massacre	A political and social protest by university students in Beijing, China in 1989. The protest called for political and social reforms and resulted in the government using the military to end it, which caused hundreds of deaths, thousands of injured and many more imprisoned.	47
12739353729	European Union	An international organization to European countries formed after WWII to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.	48

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Psychological Perspectives Flashcards

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7818878313	Biological Perspective	An approach to psychology in which behavior/behavior disorders are seen as the result of the genetic code of humans	0
7818878314	Evolutionary Perspective	An approach to psychology that emphasizes the inherited ( and adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes	1
7818878315	Psychodynamic Perspective	A view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental process in determining human thought, feelings, and behavior	2
7818878316	Behavioral Perspective	An approach to psychology emphasizing that human are a product of their environment and are determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards and punishments	3
7818878317	Cognitive Perspective	A way of looking at human behavior that emphasizes research on how the brain takes information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, process information, and generates integrated patterns of action	4
7818878318	Sport Psychologists	Psychologists who explore relationships between athletic performance and psychological variables as motivation and emotion	5
7818878319	Environmental Psychologists	Psychologists who study the effects of the physical environment on behavior and mental process	6
7818878320	Neuroscience	The scientific study of all levels of the nervous system, including neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurology, neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology	7
7818878321	Positive Psychology	A field of research that focuses on people's positive experiences and characteristics, such as happiness, optimism, and resilience	8
7818878322	Psychology	The science of human behavior and mental processes of the brain	9
7818878323	Biological Psychology	Psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes	10
7818878324	Cognitive Psychologists	Psychologists who study the mental processes as we develop over the life course and how at different stages, that can affect judgment, decision making, problem solving, imaging, and other aspects of human thought or cognition	11
7818878325	Engineering Pyschology	A field in which psychologists study human factors in the use of equipment and help designers create better versions of that equipment	12
7818878326	Developmental Psychology	Psychologists who seek to understand, describe, and explore how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime	13
7818878327	Personality Psychologists	Psychologists who study the characteristics that make individuals similar to or different from one another	14
7818878328	Clinical and Counseling Psychologists	Psychologists who seek to asses, understand, and change abnormal behavior through treatment and medicine	15
7818878329	Educational Psychologists	Psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn and who apply their results to improving those methods	16
7818878330	Social Psychologists	Psychologists who study how people influence one another's behavior and mental processes, individually and in groups	17