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Biology Chapters 8, 9 , 10 Flashcards

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12143790839Why do living things need energy?to perform actions0
12143790840What's the role of ATP?it is one of the principle chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy1
12143790841What's the difference between ADP and ATP?ADP has two phosphate groups, and ATP has three phosphate groups2
12143790842What is an autotroph?an organism that makes its own food3
12143790843What is a heterotroph?an organism that gets its food from outside forces4
12143790844What is the photosynthesis equation?6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O25
12143790845What is CO2?Carbon dioxide6
12143790846What is H2O?Water7
12143790847What is C6H12O6?Glucose8
12143790848What is O2?Oxygen9
12143790849What are pigments?light absorbing molecules that give things color10
12143790850What is the role of pigments in the plant cell?to absorb energy from light11
12143790851What is the primary pigment found in plant cells?Chlorophyll12
12143790852How do we see various colors?the different parts of the light spectrum are reflected back to our eyes if they are not absorbed by an object13
12143790853What are the thylakoids?saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts14
12143790854What is a granum?A stack of thylakoids15
12143790855What are grana?multiple stacks of thylakoids16
12143790856What is the stroma?region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts17
12143790857What are the photosystems?light-collecting units of the chloroplast18
12143790858What is the role of electron carriers?transport high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules19
12143790859What electron carrier is used in photosynthesis?NADP+20
12143790860What are the two major stages of photosynthesis?Light dependent reactions and Calvin Cycle21
12143790861What are light dependent reactions?reactions that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH22
12143790862What do light dependent reactions do?produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH23
12143790863What is the Calvin Cycle?light independent reaction24
12143790864What happens during the Calvin Cycle?ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to produce high-energy sugars25
12143790865Where do the light dependent reactions occur?within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts26
12143790866Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?the stroma of chloroplasts27
12143790867What materials come into the chloroplast for light dependent reactions?light, water28
12143790868What are the products from light dependent reactions?Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH29
12143790869What materials move from the light dependent reactions to the Calvin Cycle?ATP and NADPH30
12143790870What materials come into the chloroplast for the Calvin Cycle?Carbon dioxide31
12143790871What are the products of the Calvin Cycle?high energy sugars32
12143790872What materials move from the Calvin Cycle to the light dependent reactions?ADP and NADP+33
12143790873What are three factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis?water, temperature, and intensity of light34
12143790874How does water affect photosynthesis?a shortage of water can slow or stop photosynthesis35
12143790875How does temperature affect photosynthesis?Temperatures lower than 0 degrees Celsius or higher than 35 degrees Celsius can slow photosynthesis36
12143790876How does the intensity of light affect photosynthesis?increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis37
12143790877What is the cellular respiration equation?6O2+C6H12O6 --> 6CO2+6H2O+energy38
12143790878Where does glycolysis take place?cytoplasm39
12143790879Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?mitochondria40
12143790880Where does the electron transport chain take place?mitochondria41
12143790881What happens during glycolysis?one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound42
12143790882What happens during the Krebs Cycle?pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions43
12143790883What happens during the electron transport chain?high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP44
12143790884What materials enter the cytoplasm for glycolysis?glucose and 2 ATP molecules45
12143790885What materials enter the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle?pyruvic acid46
12143790886What materials enter the mitochondria for the electron transport chain?high energy electrons from NADH and FADH247
12143790887What are the products of glycolysis?pyruvic acid48
12143790888What are the products of the Krebs Cycle?carbon dioxide, ATP, and high energy electron carriers49
12143790889What are the products of the electron transport chain?ATP50
12143790890What materials move on from glycolysis to the Krebs Cycle?pyruvic acid51
12143790891What materials move on from the Krebs Cycle to the electron transport chain?high energy electrons52
12143790892What are two specific electron carriers used in cell respiration?NAD+ and FAD53
12143790893How much ATP is made in glycolysis?4 ATP molecules54
12143790894How much ATP is made in the Krebs Cycle?1 molecule55
12143790895How much ATP is made in the electron transport chain?3 molecules56
12143790896When does fermentation occur?when no oxygen is present57
12143790897How much ATP is made in fermentation?2 molecules58
12143790898What is alcoholic fermentation?process used by microorganisms to produce energy59
12143790899What is lactic acid fermentation?process that regenerates NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue when oxygen is not present60
12143790900What organisms use alcoholic fermentation?yeasts and other microorganisms61
12143790901What organisms use lactic acid fermentation?humans and animals62
12143790902what energy producing process occurs primarily when quick energy is needed?lactic acid fermentation63
12143790903What energy producing process occurs primarily when long-tern energy is needed?cellular respiration64
12143790904How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration compare to each other?their equations are the inverse of each other65
12143790905Do cells grow in size?yes, when preparing to divide66
12143790906Is there a limit to how large cells can grow?yes67
12143790907What are the major stages in the cell cycle?interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis68
12143790908What are the three phases of interphase?G1, S, and G269
12143790909What happens during the G1 phase of interphase?cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles70
12143790910What happens during the S phase of interphase?chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place71
12143790911What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced72
12143790912What stage does a cell enter when it stops preparing for division?G073
12143790913What are the 4 stages of mitosis?Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase74
12143790914What happens during the prophase of mitosis?The chromosomes condense and become visible and the nucleus disappears75
12143790915What happens during the metaphase of mitosis?the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell76
12143790916What happens during the anaphase of mitosis?the chromosomes split and go to opposite sides of the cell77
12143790917What happens during the telophase of mitosis?the chromosomes being to disperse and a nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes78
12143790918What happens during cytokinesis?the cytoplasm divides79
12143790919How is cytokinesis different between plant and animal cells?in animal cells, the cytoplasm pinches, but in plant cells, the cell plate form between the divided nuclei80
12143790920What regulates the cell cycle?cyclins and other regulatory proteins located inside and outside the cell81
12143790921What is cancer?disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth82
12143790922What are some causes of cancer?smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lack of exercise83
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Ap literature Flashcards

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8825293115AllegoryNarrative that is an extended metaphor0
8825293116AlliterationRepetition of the same initial sounds in words that are in a phrase1
8825293117AllusionReference to something famous or well known2
8825293118AnaphoraRepetition of a word or words at the beginning of each sentence3
8825293119AnastropheInversion of normal word order4
8825293120AntiheroProtagonist who lacks heroic qualities5
8825293121ApostropheWhen a speaker directly addresses an inanimate object, or someone who is absent6
8825293122ArchetypeA pattern or the original model that appears in literature7
8825293123AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds usually inside the word8
8825293124AsyndetonEmission of conjunctions9
8825293125atmosphereThe feeling created by the setting10
8825293126Bildungromancoming of age novel tracing the protagonist to maturity11
8825293127ClicheOverused expression12
8825293128ColloquialLanguage that applies to a region, slang used13
8825293129comic reliefcomic episodes in a dramatic or literary work that offset more serious sections.; breaking tension with happiness14
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AP Literature - Vocabulary Section 7 Flashcards

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8468893002Austere (adj)Severe or stern in manner; simple, plain; harsh or sour in flavor0
8468893003Beneficent (adj)Performing acts of kindness or charity; conferring benefits, doing good1
8468893004Cadaverous (adj)Pale, gaunt, resembling a corpse2
8468893005Concoct (v)To prepare by combining ingredients, make up; to devise, invent, fabricate3
8468893006Crass (adj)Coarse, unfeeling; stupid4
8468893007Debase (v)To lower in character, quality, or value; to degrade, adulterate; to cause to deteriorate5
8468893008Desecrate (v)To commit sacrilege upon, treat irreverently; to contaminate, pollute6
8468893009Disconcert (v)To confuse; to disturb the composure of7
8468893010Grandiose (adj)Grand in an impressive or stately way; marked by pompous affection or grandeur, absurdly exaggerated8
8468893011Inconsequential (adj)Trifling, unimportant9
8468893012Infraction (n)A break of a law or obligation10
8468893013Mitigate (v)To make milder or softer, to moderate in force or intensity11
8468893014Pillage (v)(V) To rob of goods by open force (as in war), plunder (N) The act of looting; booty12
8468893015Prate (v)To talk a great deal in a foolish or aimless fashion13
8468893016Punctilious (adj)Very careful and exact, attentive to fine points of etiquette14
8468893017Redoubtable (adj)Inspiring fear or awe; illustrious, eminent15
8468893018Reprove (v)To find fault with, scold, rebuke16
8468893019Restitution (n)The act of restoring someone or something to the rightful owner or to a former state or position; making good on a loss or damage17
8468893020Stalwart (adj)(Adj) Strong and sturdy; brave; resolute (N) A brave, strong person; a strong supporter; one who takes an uncompromising position18
8468893021Vulnerable (adj)Open to attack; capable of being wounded or damaged; unprotected19
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ap world history final semester 1 Flashcards

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11709506217Gupta320-5500
11709508521inca1440-15301
11709508522aztec1350-15202
11709510294mongols13th century3
11709510295sultanate of dehli1200-15204
11709512383Sui Dynasty580-6005
11709512384tang600-9006
11709512385Song960-12807
11709517247yuan1270-13708
11709517248ming1370-16409
11709517249qing1640-190010
11709521914umayyad660-75011
11709526069abbasid750-1250.12
11709526070safavid1500-1740.13
11709526071mughal1530-186014
11709528132ottoman1300-192015
11709512382ghana500-1400s16
11709530364mali1200-145017
11709528133songhai1400-160018
11709532471tokugawa japan1600-187019
11709532472Life of Muhammad570-63020
11709535254Life of Charlemagne740-80021
11709537541Ivan the third1440-150022
11709537542Life of Tamerlane1340-140023
11709539883spread of islam1000-126024
11709539884Zheng He1370-143025
11709541876crusades1100-127026
11709541877Spread of Plague to Europe125027
11709543396Life of Queen Elizabeth1560-160028
11709545689Life of Akbar the Great1550-160029
11709548981Life of Louis XIV1640-170030
11709548982life of peter the great1700-172031
11709552719life of catherine the great1760-180032
11709552720Life of Suleyman the Magnificent1520-156033
11709556773life of Copernicus1470-154034
11709558864Ottomans capture Constantinople145035
11709558865protestant reformation150036
11709564115Atlantic Slave Trade1500s37
11709566627Exploration of New World/Columbian Exchange150038
11709568654Voyages of Vasco de Gama150039
11709568655renaissance in europe1450-160040
11709571316Peace of Westphalia165041
11709543395champa rice in china100042
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AP World History - Period 3 Flashcards

The Post-Classical World, 500-1450

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12064210922Bedouinnomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats0
12064210923MeccaArabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam1
12064210924Medinatown northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar2
12064210925Umayyadclan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty3
12064210926Muhammad(570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh4
12064210927Qur'anthe word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam5
12064210928Ummacommunity of the faithful within Islam6
12064210929Five Pillarsthe obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)7
12064210930Caliphthe successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community8
12064210931Alicousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism9
12064210932Abu Bakrsucceeded Muhammad as the first caliph10
12064210933JihadIslamic holy war11
12064210934Sunnisfollowers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads12
12064210935Shi'afollowers of Ali's interpretation of Islam13
12064210936Mawalinon-Arab converts to Islam14
12064210937Dhimmis"the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus15
12064210938Abbasidsdynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad16
12064210939Hadiths"traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam17
12064210940Wazirchief administrative official under the Abbasids18
12064210941DhowsArab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants19
12064210942Seljuk Turksnomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids20
12064210943Crusadesinvasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 129121
12064210944UlamaIslamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking22
12064210945SufisIslamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions23
12064210946Mongolscentral Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph24
12064210947Chinggis Khan(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms25
12064210948MamluksRulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves26
12064210949Arabic numeralsIndian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West27
12064210950Shrivijayatrading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam28
12064210951Malaccaflourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya29
12064210952Malistate of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers30
12064210953Mansatitle of the ruler of Mali31
12064210954Ibn BattutaArab traveler throughout the Muslim world32
12064210955Sundiatacreated a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 126033
12064210956Songhaysuccessor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao34
12064210957East African trading portsurbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar35
12064210958Great Zimbabwewith massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa36
12064210959Greek FireByzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople37
12064210960Iconsimages of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians38
12064210961Iconoclasmthe breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration39
12064210962ManzikertSeljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory40
12064210963Cyril and MethodiusByzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic41
12064210964Kievcommercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c42
12064210965Ruriklegendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus' in 85543
12064210966Vladmir Iruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity44
12064210967Russian OrthodoxyRussian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire45
12064210968TatarsMongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact46
12064210969Middle Agesthe period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c47
12064210970Gothican architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls48
12064210971Vikingsseagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily49
12064210972Manorialismrural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection50
12064210973Serfspeasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system51
12064210974Three-field systempractice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure52
12064210975ClovisKing of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 49653
12064210976Carolingiansroyal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c54
12064210977Charles Martelfirst Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 73255
12064210978CharlemagneCarolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 80056
12064210979Holy Roman Emperorspolitical heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy57
12064210980Feudalismpersonal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service58
12064210981Vassalsmembers of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty59
12064210982William the Conquerorinvaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England60
12064210983Magna CartaGreat charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law61
12064210984Parliamentsbodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects62
12064210985Hundred Years Warconflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism.63
12064210986Pope Urban IIorganized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control64
12064210987Investiturethe practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV65
12064210988Gregory VII11th c pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops66
12064210989Thomas Aquinascreator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God67
12064210990Scholasticismdominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems68
12064210991Hanseatic Leaguean organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance69
12064210992Guildsassociations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities70
12064210993Black Deathbubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia71
12064210994Period of the Six Dynastiesera of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han72
12064210995Jinshititle given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office73
12064210996Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhismemphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia74
12064210997WuzongTang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism75
12064210998Southern Songsmaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279.76
12064210999Grand Canalgreat canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin77
12064211000JunksChinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula78
12064211001Flying moneyChinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency79
12064211002Footbindingmale imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite.80
12064211003Taika reformsattempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army81
12064211004Fujiwaramid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power82
12064211005Bushiregional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies83
12064211006Samuraimounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor84
12064211007Seppukuritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor85
12064211008Gempei warsWaged for 5 years from 1180-1185, on the island of Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in the destruction of Taira and also resulted in the feudal age86
12064211009Bakufumilitary government established by the Minamoto following Gempei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai87
12064211010Shogunsmilitary leaders of the bakufu88
12064211011Daimyoswarlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states89
12064211012Sinificationextensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions90
12064211013Yidynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence91
12064211014Trung Sistersleaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society92
12064211015Khmers and ChamsIndianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi93
12064211016Nguyensouthern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi94
12064211017Chinggis Khanborn in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 122795
12064211018Shamanistic religionMongol beliefs focused on nature spirits96
12064211019Batugrandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 123697
12064211020Golden Hordeone of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c98
12064211021Ilkhan khanateone of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire99
12064211022Hulegugrandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad100
12064211023MamluksMuslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260101
12064211024Kubilai Khangrandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271102
12064211025White Lotus Societysecret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty103
12064211026Ottoman EmpireTurkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire104
12064211027Ming Dynastyreplaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China105
12064211028Ethnocentrismjudging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history106
12064211032Muhammad's primary historical achievementspread of Islam107
12064211046Silk Road Trade system108
12064211047Kingdom of Mali109
12064211033Inca and Rome both hadextensive road systems110
12064211034Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place111
12064211035Champa Ricetributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase112
12064211036Diasporic communitiesmerchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas113
12064211037Trans Saharan tradeDominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates..114
12064211038Effect of Muslim conquestscollapse of other empires, mass conversion115
12064211039Tang Dynastyfollowed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence116
12064211040Black Deathplague that originated with Mongols, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe.117
12064211048Indian Ocean Maritime Trade118
12064211041Cities that rose during this time due to increased tradeNovgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu119
12064211042Timbuktutrade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people120
12064211043New forms of monetizationChecks, Bills of Exchange121
12064211049Bantu Migrations122
12064211044footbindingbegan during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming123
12064211045Marco Polotraveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan124
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AP World History Mid-Term Flashcards

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8501754885Combat the growing threat of islamic influence.The Justinian Code, as depicted in the excerpt, best represents the emperor's attempt to...?0
8501754886Greater access to far eastern markets by sea.Which o the following significantly led to the growing importance of maritime in first century C.E.?1
8501754887Dissemination of the new crops through trade networksWhich of the following least likely influenced agricultural development in thirteenth century Europe?2
8501754888Regional trade markets & exchanges.The influence of the activities in the image are most directly connected with which of the following developments in western Europe?3
8501754889Decreases in agricultural production.The interactions in the excerpt are best understood in the context of which of the following developments in ninth century China?4
8501754890a search for cash alternatives.Shortage of copper coins described in the excess resisted most directly in5
8501754891The economy of the late Tang dynasty would be most closely characterized by which of the following?An economy controlled by foreign merchants.6
8501754892The economic active in the excerpt would lead most directly to the development of which of the following late ninth century China?The use of paper money printed by wealthy merchants.7
8501754893A need for stability within growing urban areas.The Laws of Manu, as described in the excerpt, are most directly a response to which of the following?8
8501754894Social stratificationThe Laws of Manu best offer evidence of which of the following developments?9
8501754895The foreigners seeking roles within Indian society.Growing social challenges to the caste system described in the excerpt most likely originated from10
8501754896the development of a strongly patriarchal society.One direct long-term effect of The Laws of Manu was11
8501754897Islam.The religious symbol in the image is central to which of the following religions?12
8501754898Hajj (Not Hijra)The Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca is known as the13
8501754899Increased cross-cultural interactions that resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions.The pilgrimage to this place resulted in which the following?14
8501754900The CaliphatesWhich of the following empires developed and expanded at the same time the religious symbol in the image became extremely important to it's followers.15
8501754901Population growth and urbanization in Southern ChinaThe agricultural developments described in the passage contributed most directly to which of the following16
8501754902The intensification of regional trade networks in East and South AsiaWhich of the following made possible the Chinese cultivation of the staple crops described in the passage17
8501754903Increased state investment in economic development, such as improving the Grand Canal.The activities of the state described in the passage are consistent with which of the following Song dynasty policies18
8501754904Labor and social class divisionsThe building of the earthen mounds at Cahokia best illustrates the development of which of the following?19
8501754905The presence of desire walls throughout the site.A historian wishing to argue that Cahokia served as center of trade would least likely use which of the following to support that conclusion?20
8501754906An extensive North American exchange networkThe main importance of the settlement at Cahokia is best understood in the context of which of the following?21
8501754907Conflicts with neighboring tribes.Which of the following would be least likely to cause for the decline and abandonment of Cahokia from the twelfth through the fourteenth centuries C.E.?22
8501754908the extended influence of Greek cultureOn direct result of Alexander's conquest and empire as referenced in the excerpt was23
8501754909The establishment of Alexander as the new emperor of Persia.A historian wishing to argue that Alexander's empire was doomed to fail would be least likely to use which of the following to support this conclusion?24
8501754910the partitioning of the empireThe death of Alexander, referred to in the excerpt, most directly resulted in25
8501754911Supervision of already existing cultural traditionsManagement of the Antigenic realm of Alexander's empire faced particular issues mostly as a result of which of the following?26
8501754912Supervision of already existing cultural traditionsThe Ptolemaic and Seleucid regions of the Hellenistic empire are most strongly characterized by rule through27
8501754913Political and civic activitiesThe Forum of Rome, as depicted in the image, was most closely associated with which of the following?28
8501754914the establishment of military coloniesThe growth of imperial cities such as Rome was most directly connected with29
8501754915Availability of luxury and comfort items.Cities like Rome would most likely attract rural populations due to which of the following?30
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