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AP World History Terms Flashcards

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8204519691	Millet	A fast-growing cereal plant that is widely grown in warm countries and regions with poor soils	0
8204522988	Patriarchy	A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is the head of the family and descent is traced from the male line	1
10483570445	Neolithic Revolution	The final stage of cultural evolution or technological development among prehistoric humans	2
10483574901	Bronze Age	The third phase in the development of material culture among the ancient peoples of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, following the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods	3
10483579577	Cuneiform	A writing system based on wedge-shaped characters developed in Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets	4
10483586185	City-state	A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state	5
10483588687	Ziggurat	A rectangular stepped tower originating from Mesopotamia sometimes surmounted by a temple	6
10483592991	Monsoon	A seasonal prevailing wind in the region of south and southeastern Asia blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain or from the northeast between October and April	7
10483600382	Untouchables/Dalits	A member of the lowest caste	8
10483601537	Indigenous	Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place	9
10483638663	Reincarnation	The rebirth of a soul in a new body	10
10483641999	Zoroastrianism	A monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster	11
10483647101	Nirvana	A transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self and the subject is released from the effects of of karma and the cycle of rebirth	12
10483648964	Stupa	A dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine	13
10483654457	Patrilineal	Relating to or based on relationship to the father or descendent through the male line	14
10483658185	Matrilineal	Of or based on kinship with the mother or female line	15
10483660311	Matriarchy	A system of society or government ruled by a woman or women	16
10483662430	Cultural Diffusion	The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another	17
10483663271	Polis	A city-state in Ancient Greece	18
10483665787	Hellenistic	The natural character or culture of Greece	19
10483667134	Plebeian	A commoner; lower class	20
10483668774	Patrician	An aristocrat or nobleman	21
10483671887	Theology	The study of the nature of God and religious belief	22
10483672786	Diaspora	Dispersion of Jews beyond Israel	23
10483674595	Mandate of Heaven	Any such mandate or blessing under which a certain ruler is allowed to rule	24
10483678050	Kami	A divine being in Shintoism	25
10483684391	Infanticide	The crime of killing an infant within one year of birth	26
10483687274	Secular	Attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis	27
10483689262	Filial Piety	The virtue of respect for one's elders and ancestors	28
10483697969	Animism	The religious belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence	29

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AP World History vocab Flashcards

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10586420867	Autonomy(autonomous)	The right or power to govern oneself;self-determination	0
10586420868	Capitalism	An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production (land, labor, raw, materials, tools, etc), open competition, and desire for profit [opposite of socialism]	1
10586420869	Civilization	Complex society with a permanent location, urban areas, specialization of labor, social classes, and advanced technology.	2
10586420870	Colony	A foreign territory ruled by a "parent" state.	3
10586420871	Cosmopolitan	Consisting of a group of people or cultures from around the world; a diverse, multi-cultural or multi-ethnic community.	4
10586420872	Democracy	A government where the citizens exercise political power through voting	5
10586420873	Demographics	The statistical characteristics of human populations (ex:size, growth rate, death rate, migration)	6
10586420874	Diaspora	The breaking up and scattering of a people (often as a result of forced migration)	7
10586420875	Diffusion	The spread of cultural traditions from one are or group of people to another	8
10586420876	Empire	A group of territories or peoples ruled by a single sovereign authority (emperor)	9
10586420877	Franchise (enfranchisement)	The right to vote; any right or freedom granted by the government	10
10586420878	Gender	The behavioral and cultural traits typically associated with on sex (male or female)	11
10678646492	Globalization	The process of developing economic, cultural and political integration across national borders.	12
10678646493	Hegemony	Dominant influence or authority over others	13
10678646494	Hierarchy	The classification of people based on economic, social or professional standing; system of social classes	14
10678646495	Ideology	Set of beliefs, especially relating to human life, culture, or government	15
10678646496	Matriarchy	A society ruled by women; a community in which women are considered the head of the family and where lineage and inheritance are traced from the mother	16
10678646497	Millenium	A period of 1,000 years	17
10678646498	Monarchy	A government ruled by a single person, typically chosen from a royal family or dynasty	18
10678646499	Oligarchy	A government ruled by a small group of elites	19
10678646500	Patriarchy	A society ruled by men; social organization marked by the supremacy of the father, legal dépendance of wives and children, and inheritance through the male line	20
10678646501	Revolution	A dramatic change In ways of thinking and behaving; the overthrow of a ruler or political system	21
10678646502	Rural	Relating to the countryside [opposite of urban]	22
10678646503	Socialism	An economic system based on public ownership of the means of the production (land, labor, raw materials, tools, etc) sharing of resources, and desire to create economic equality [opposite of capitalism]	23
10678646504	Sovereignty	Supreme authority within territorial boundaries	24
10678646505	Spatial	Relating to, or occupying space; "across space"	25
10678646506	Specialization	Process of becoming trained or designed for one particular purpose or occupation	26
10678646507	State	An area with its own independent government (can refer to the place (country) or the government)	27
10678646508	Suffrage	The legal right to vote	28
10678646509	Syncretism	The blending of two or more religious or cultural traditions	29
10678646510	Temporal	Relating to the sequence of time; "over time"	30
10678646511	Urban	Relating to a city	31

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AP WORLD HISTORY SEMESTER 1 Flashcards

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8456328427	Paleolithic age	first part of the Stone Age typified by use of stone and hunting and gathering	0
8456328428	Mesolithic age	agriculture begins, nomads	1
8456328429	Neolithic age	after neolithic revolution, division of labor and agriculture is now used; decrease in nomads	2
8456328430	fertile crescent	area between the tigris and euphrates river, good farmland, abandoned because climate became too dry and over farmed the land	3
8456328431	fire	allowed people to cook and smoke meat(preservation of food, boiling water, hunting, warfare	4
8456328432	human migration patterns	homo erectus spread to Asia and Europe from Africa; humans migrated to Australia 60,000 years ago; bantu from central to southern Africa	5
8456328433	code of Hammurabi	first written law, comprehensive law code, women have some rights, harsh punishments (eye for an eye)	6
8456328434	hinduism	oldest major religion, Gurus holy man, vedas and upanishads are holy books, spread because of its extreme spirituality and satisfying rules of conduct, gods: shiva, vishnu; reincarnation, caste system	7
8456328435	buddhism	increased contact between India and China, founded by Siddartha Guttama, spread with missionaries and monks, emperor Ashoka converted and helped to spread it, nirvana, 8 fold path, against caste system	8
8456328436	daoism	buddhism shifts its practices in china, nature's harmony and and spirituality, cosmic forces, govt. is not very important, founded by Laozi	9
8456328437	shintoism	religion of japan, numerous gods associated with the natural world, nature spirits	10
8456328438	animism	tribal worship of ancestors	11
8456328439	Confucianism	founded by Confucius, respect for elders, importance in education, no deity, patriarchal, women not important to society	12
8456328440	Christianity	paul splits it from judaism, monotheistic, founded in Palestine, supported equality of all people, help the poor, spread by the extensive roads of Rome	13
8456328441	Islam	began in Mecca in the saudi peninsula, monotheistic, Quran and hadiths were social texts, 5 pillars, spread to persia, syria, spain, and france through conquest	14
8456328442	sunni	believe abu bakar was Muhammad's rightful successor	15
8456328443	shite	believe Ali is Muhammad's rightful successor	16
8456328444	feudalism	system in Zhou dynasty were a monarch relies on family members and nobles (vassals) to provide troops and tax money	17
8456328445	fief	land exchange	18
8456328446	fall of rome	more gradual than the fall of the Han, empire was too large to defend, plagues and invasions (goths, visogoths, vandals) simultaneously, Hellenistic culture keeps eastern portion of rome together, germanic soldiers turned on romans, population decreased, the patricians also no longer cared about the military, literacy declines	19
8456328447	fall of han	corrupt bureaucrats, peasant taxes, farmers forced into serfdom, Yellow turban rebellion, break china into three kingdoms	20
8456328448	silk road	connects china, middle east, india, eastern europe... spread ideas and goods, buddhism was brought to china	21
8456328449	what was the effect of urbanization?	a division of labor	22
8456328450	china's view of other cultures	isolation, don't want to trade with other countries until the spanish got silver	23
8456328451	bureaucracy in rome	roman republic, citizens elect magistrates, senate, 2 consuls share power, twelve tables are the law code	24
8456328452	roman empire	created when julius caesar overthrows the republic	25
8456328453	Caesar Augustus	first emperor of rome, former name was octavian defeated mark antony	26
8456328454	bureaucracy in china	had 130,000 bureaucrats during the Han, extremely strong	27
8456328455	bureaucracy in india	mauryan had a substantial bureaucracy and a postal service, gupta had no bureaucracy	28
8456328456	caste system	brahmins, khsatriyas, varshyas, sudras, untouchables	29
8456328457	use of roads	reduced travel time, moved army and information	30
8456328458	bohisattvas	buddhist equivalents of saints	31
8456328459	hippocrates	father of medicine, greek physician whose works were recovered by Muslims	32
8456328460	Justinian	rebuilt Constantinople, ruler of the byzantine empire, wrote a unified law code, his builders built the Hagia Sofia	33
8456328461	mali	sudanic state, traded gold, books, ivory, salt	34
8456328462	mansa musa	greatest king of mali, richest man ever, led a camel caravan while on his pilgrimage to mecca	35
8456328463	ibn battuta	arab traveler who described african societies in his travel records	36
8456328464	marco polo	traveler from venice, worked in Mongol leader khan's court for 17 years acquiring great wealth	37
8456328465	causes of the crusades	christians wanted to take back the holy land from the Muslims, attraction to loot from the middle east	38
8456328466	effects of the crusades	muslim science and astronomy was spread to Europe, west is exposed to new culture, spurs changes in the west, greater thirst for spices, guilds (apprentice, journeymen, master)	39
8456328467	zheng he	chinese muslim admiral who commanded indian ocean, persian gulf, and red sea trade expeditions	40
8456328468	vikings	Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of western europe, set up govt. in kiev	41
8456328469	Rurik	first prince of the kievan rus	42
8456328470	Vladimir I	required mass baptism of kiev's citizens	43
8456328471	mongols	nomadic pastoralists, tolerant of religion, warriors, elective monarchy, collapsed after the death of Genghis Khan, lived in yurts, created the largest empire ever	44
8456328472	impact of rice production in east asia	it was expensive to transport by land so the grand canal had to be constructed, population increased	45
8456328473	polynesian migration	began 3500 years ago, depleted land resources, brought animals like pigs, changed the land by burning forests for agriculture	46
8456328474	byzantine empire	eastern half of roman empire, capital at Constantinople, orthodox faith, education for all, unified law central govt.	47
8456328475	spread of Islam	military conquest and trade to India, south Asia, southeast Asia, Africa,and Spain, religiously tolerant towards conquered people	48
8456328476	pizzarro	spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas and captured their leader, Atahuallapa	49
8456328477	cortez	conquistador responsible for conquering the Aztecs	50
8456328478	montezuma	last Aztec emperor, killed when cortez conquered his people	51
8456328479	atahualpa	last incan emperor, killed by pizzarro, refused to convert to Christianity	52
8456328480	effects of the columbian exchange	contact between Europe and the Americas, traded slaves, animals, and american crops, disease(smallpox) was also spread to the Americas	53
8456328481	mughal empire	established by Babur in India in 1526, from Mongol descent, interested in contact with western traders	54
8456328482	ottoman empire	established by the Turks that captured Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and the religion became Islam, successful army and navy	55
8456328483	gun powder empires	an empire formed by outside conquerers who unified the regions they conquered through the use of guns (ex. Mughal, Ottoman, Muslim, and Safavid)	56
8456328484	benefits of mongol domination	first passport, increased trade, encouraged travel and exchange of ideas	57
8456328485	triangular trade	trade between africa, europe, and the americas	58
8456328486	indian ocean trade	different patterns of trade, exchanged textiles	59
8456328487	sugar	first cash crop in the americas to be imported to europe, previously imported from asia	60
8456328488	motivations for exploration	God, gold, and glory	61
8456328489	spread of christianity to the americas	conquistadors argued it was necessary to spread the gospel through conquest to the indians, later Las casas argued that they must convert indians peacefully	62
8456328490	De gama	sailed around the southern tip of africa (cape of good hope) to get to india, new trade route to the indies that did not require Europeans to interact with the Muslim ottomans	63
8456328491	Portuguese exploration	henry the navigator began exploration by going around the african coast, da gama made it to the cape of good hope, and they made it to Japan and india	64
8456328492	silver and the economy	silver became the global currency after it was discovered in the americas, the Chinese wanted to trade the spanish spices for it	65
8456328493	Oceania	continued to be isolated throughout the time period	66
8456328494	myths	used by historians to learn about culture and religion at the time period	67
8456328495	how history is written	by taking into consideration multiple points of view, evolution and interaction of people	68
8456328496	greek building	columns, rectangular shaped, stone monuments	69
8456328497	gothic architecture	pointed arches, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, high vaulted ceilings	70
8456328498	byzantine architecture	onion domes, layers of religious symbols, icons	71
8456328499	romanesque architecture	rectangular, shorter, plain buildings with small windows	72
8456328500	iconography	artistic representation of a religious figure	73
8456328501	carpet pages	cover full page in artwork like a persian carpet	74
8456328502	illuminated manuscripts	christian and muslim books created by writing using calligraphy and adding pictures	75
8456328503	fresco	Italian watercolor on fresh plaster (sistine chapel)	76
8456328504	zoomorphic	style of using animals in illuminated manuscripts	77
8456328505	botanical design	plant designs	78
8456328506	byzantine art	featured flat icons with similar faces, lacked proportion, and no individuality	79

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ap world history regions Flashcards

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10478732298	north america	0
10478732299	Mexico	1
10478732300	Latin America	2
10478732301	Caribbean	3
10478732302	West Africa	4
10478732303	North Africa	5
10478732304	Central Africa	6
10478732305	South Africa	7
10478732306	Middle East	8
10478732307	East Africa	9
10478732308	Central Asia	10
10478732309	south asia	11
10478732310	East Asia	12
10478732311	Southeast Asia	13
10478732312	Oceania	14

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AP World History - Era 3 Flashcards

The Post-Classical World, 500-1450

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11705467072	Bedouin	nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats	0
11705467073	Mecca	Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam	1
11705467074	Medina	town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar	2
11705467075	Umayyad	clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty	3
11705467076	Muhammad	(570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh	4
11705467077	Qur'an	the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam	5
11705467078	Umma	community of the faithful within Islam	6
11705467079	Five Pillars	the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)	7
11705467080	Caliph	the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community	8
11705467081	Ali	cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism	9
11705467082	Abu Bakr	succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph	10
11705467083	Jihad	Islamic holy war	11
11705467084	Sunnis	followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads	12
11705467085	Shi'a	followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam	13
11705467086	Mawali	non-Arab converts to Islam	14
11705467087	Dhimmis	"the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus	15
11705467088	Abbasids	dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad	16
11705467089	Hadiths	"traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam	17
11705467090	Wazir	chief administrative official under the Abbasids	18
11705467091	Dhows	Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants	19
11705467092	Seljuk Turks	nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids	20
11705467093	Crusades	invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291	21
11705467094	Ulama	Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking	22
11705467095	Sufis	Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions	23
11705467096	Mongols	central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph	24
11705467097	Chinggis Khan	(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms	25
11705467098	Mamluks	Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves	26
11705467099	Arabic numerals	Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West	27
11705467100	Shrivijaya	trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam	28
11705467101	Malacca	flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya	29
11705467102	Mali	state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers	30
11705467103	Mansa	title of the ruler of Mali	31
11705467104	Ibn Battuta	Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world	32
11705467105	Sundiata	created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260	33
11705467106	Songhay	successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao	34
11705467107	East African trading ports	urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar	35
11705467108	Great Zimbabwe	with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa	36
11705467109	Greek Fire	Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople	37
11705467110	Icons	images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians	38
11705467111	Iconoclasm	the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration	39
11705467112	Manzikert	Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory	40
11705467113	Cyril and Methodius	Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic	41
11705467114	Kiev	commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c	42
11705467115	Rurik	legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus' in 855	43
11705467116	Vladmir I	ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity	44
11705467117	Russian Orthodoxy	Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire	45
11705467118	Tatars	Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact	46
11705467119	Middle Ages	the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c	47
11705467120	Gothic	an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls	48
11705467121	Vikings	seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily	49
11705467122	Manorialism	rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection	50
11705467123	Serfs	peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system	51
11705467124	Three-field system	practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure	52
11705467125	Clovis	King of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 496	53
11705467126	Carolingians	royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c	54
11705467127	Charles Martel	first Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732	55
11705467128	Charlemagne	Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800	56
11705467129	Holy Roman Emperors	political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy	57
11705467130	Feudalism	personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service	58
11705467131	Vassals	members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty	59
11705467132	William the Conqueror	invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England	60
11705467133	Magna Carta	Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law	61
11705467134	Parliaments	bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects	62
11705467135	Hundred Years War	conflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism.	63
11705467136	Pope Urban II	organized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control	64
11705467137	Investiture	the practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV	65
11705467138	Gregory VII	11th c pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops	66
11705467139	Thomas Aquinas	creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God	67
11705467140	Scholasticism	dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems	68
11705467141	Hanseatic League	an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance	69
11705467142	Guilds	associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities	70
11705467143	Black Death	bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia	71
11705467144	Period of the Six Dynasties	era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han	72
11705467145	Jinshi	title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office	73
11705467146	Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism	emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia	74
11705467147	Wuzong	Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism	75
11705467148	Southern Song	smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279.	76
11705467149	Grand Canal	great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin	77
11705467150	Junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula	78
11705467151	Flying money	Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency	79
11705467152	Footbinding	male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite.	80
11705467153	Taika reforms	attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army	81
11705467154	Fujiwara	mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power	82
11705467155	Bushi	regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies	83
11705467156	Samurai	mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor	84
11705467157	Seppuku	ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor	85
11705467158	Gempei wars	Waged for 5 years from 1180-1185, on the island of Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in the destruction of Taira and also resulted in the feudal age	86
11705467159	Bakufu	military government established by the Minamoto following Gempei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai	87
11705467160	Shoguns	military leaders of the bakufu	88
11705467161	Daimyos	warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states	89
11705467162	Sinification	extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions	90
11705467163	Yi	dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence	91
11705467164	Trung Sisters	leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society	92
11705467165	Khmers and Chams	Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi	93
11705467166	Nguyen	southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi	94
11705467167	Chinggis Khan	born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227	95
11705467168	Shamanistic religion	Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits	96
11705467169	Batu	grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236	97
11705467170	Golden Horde	one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c	98
11705467171	Ilkhan khanate	one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire	99
11705467172	Hulegu	grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad	100
11705467173	Mamluks	Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260	101
11705467174	Kubilai Khan	grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271	102
11705467175	White Lotus Society	secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty	103
11705467176	Ottoman Empire	Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire	104
11705467177	Ming Dynasty	replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China	105
11705467178	Ethnocentrism	judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history	106
11705467179	Muhammad's primary historical achievement	spread of Islam	107
11705467193	Silk Road Trade system		108
11705467194	Kingdom of Mali		109
11705467180	Inca and Rome both had	extensive road systems	110
11705467181	Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450	land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place	111
11705467182	Champa Rice	tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase	112
11705467183	Diasporic communities	merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas	113
11705467184	Trans Saharan trade	Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates..	114
11705467185	Effect of Muslim conquests	collapse of other empires, mass conversion	115
11705467186	Tang Dynasty	followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence	116
11705467187	Black Death	plague that originated with Mongols, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe.	117
11705467195	Indian Ocean Maritime Trade		118
11705467188	Cities that rose during this time due to increased trade	Novgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu	119
11705467189	Timbuktu	trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people	120
11705467190	New forms of monetization	Checks, Bills of Exchange	121
11705467196	Bantu Migrations		122
11705467191	footbinding	began during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming	123
11705467192	Marco Polo	traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan	124