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AP World History Chapter 3-4 Terms Flashcards

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7462732388Aegean Seasea north of Africa, next to Greece and Anatolia0
7462734075Alphabetsystem of writing that anyone can learn1
7462734076Aryansgroup of Indo-Europeans which moved into India and changed culture2
7462739205Assyrian EmpireIndo-European empire based on cruelty, militarism, and terrorism3
7462743046Atman/BrahmanCollectie soul which everyone belongs to (hindu)4
7462748461Autocracytype of rule in which individual has all ruling5
7462752034Babylonian CaptivityHebrews were taken to Babylon; later they were released as Jews6
7462756616BuddhismType of reformed Hinduism popular in Asia7
7462759437Brahminspriestly class of Buddhists8
7462761378Caste SystemIndian social system in one cannot move up or leave a caste9
7462766538Carthagecity-state founded by Phoenicians10
7462771064Chaldeansgroup which destroyed Hebrew temple and rebuilt Mesopotamia (Neo-Babylonians)11
7462778649ConfucianismPhilosophies of Chinese leader Confucius. (be active)12
7462785274CreteMinoan Island in which 1st European civilization emerged13
7462788423DaoismPhilosophy of China. (Nature, inner peace)14
7462792697DaricsGold coins issued by Persian emperor, Darius15
74628030784 Noble TruthsLife is filled with suffering and sorrow. Suffering is caused by people pursuing the immediate pleasures of the world. The way to end suffering is to end all desires. The way to end all desires is to follow the Eightfold Path.16
7462810449Eightfold Pathrelease from selfishness (leads to Nirvana)17
7462813600Great Wall of ChinaBuilt during Qin dynasty to protect from invasion18
7462816377HarappanName referring to Indus River Valley Civilizations19
7462819877HebrewsOriginal people of Abraham, believers in Judaism20
7462823418HittitesGroup of Indo-Europeans. Went westward and created an empire.21
7462826734HinduismMain religion of India (no single founder)22
7462828759Indo-European"relating to the family of languages spoken over the greater part of Europe and Asia as far as northern India"23
7462834449Iron Age1200 BC (approximate)24
7462849388Sequentially, who were the kings of Israel, a powerful country?Saul, David, and Solomon25
7462851836JainismIndian religion which believes all life is very sacred26
7462855298JudaismMajor religion influencing Christians. First example of ethical monotheism27
7462857601JudahSouthern part of Israel after death of Solomon. Includes Jerusalem28
7462862120Karmasum of one's good deeds in life29
7462864418KushitesPeople of Kush30
7462864420Kushkingdom south of Egypt in Nubia31
7462887114LegalismChinese philosophy that a country should have rules and severe punishments32
7462893032MahabharataPoem telling story of Aryans and war33
7462895434MedesPeople who shared Iranian plateau with Persians34
7462899297MeroëKushite city that became essential for trade35
7462902439MinoanCivilization which developed island in Crete, which held 1st civilization in Europe36
7462907199Linear AUndeciphered Minoan writing system37
7462913411Maksha/NirvanaBuddhist state of being released from incarnation and suffering38
7462926384NinevehLater Assyrian capital which held large library39
7462929039NubiaRegion south of Egypt which controlled Kushite civilization40
7462933179Persian Empire1st classical civilization; run by King Cyrus41
7462936348PhoeniciansTrading people which developed colonies and alphabet42
7462942233ReincarnationBelief in Hinduism where the soul changes bodies43
7462945340Royal RoadRoad in Persian empire that ran 1600 miles44
7462948657Satrapsgovernors of Persian empire of individual provinces45
7462951196Sea Peoplesmysterious people who destroyed Hittites and Egypt46
7462955011Thalassocracyempire based on control of the sea47
7462962318TorahFirst 5 books of the Old Testament48
7462964599UntouchablesLowest caste of Indian society49
7462966783Valley of the Kingswhere pharaohs were buried in the New Kingdom50
7462969229VedasSacred writings of Aryans. Basis of Hinduism51
7462972038Yin and YangYin = negative, yang = positive. Chinese attempt at harmony52
7462982205ZoroastrianismPre-Islamic religion of Persia53
7462986122SiddharthaFounder of Buddhism54
7462989123Cyrus the Great1st King of Persia55
7462992703HatshepsutFemale Pharaoh56
7462996113Ramses IIGreatest Egyptian pharaoh57
7462999966AssurbanipalGreatest Assyrian King58
7463002448NebuchadnezzarChaldean King who sent Jews to Babylon59
7463007589Darius the GreatSuccessor of Cyrus, king of Persia60
7463010768ConfuciusChinese ruler/founder of Confucianism61
7463014814Shi HuangdiFounder of Qin dynasty. 1st emperor of china62
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AP World History - Chapter 12 Flashcards

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11637134936"age-set"Among the Masai, a group of boys united by a common initiation ceremony, who then moved together through the various "age-grades," or ranks, of Masai life.0
11637134937Black DeathName later given to the massive plague pandemic that swept through Eurasia beginning in 1331; it is usually regarded as an outbreak of bubonic plague.1
11637134938Chinggis Khan (pron. CHENG-iz KAHN)Title meaning "universal ruler" that was given to the Mongol leader Temujin in 1206 after he united the Mongols.2
11637134939"fictive kinship"Common form of tribal bonding in nomadic societies in which allies are designated and treated as blood relatives.3
11637134940Ghazan Khan (pron. HAZ-zan KAHN)Il-khan (subordinate khan) of Persia who ruled from 1295 to 1304; he is noted for his efforts to repair the Mongol damage to Persia.4
11637134941Hulegu Khan (pron. hoo-LAY-goo KAHN)Grandson of Chinggis Khan (ca. 1217-1265) who became the first il-khan (subordinate khan) of Persia.5
11637134942Karakorum (pron. kah-rah-KOR-um)Capital of the Mongol Empire.6
11637134943khagan (pron. KAH-gahn)Supreme ruler of a Turkic nomadic confederation.7
11637134944Khanbalik (pron. kahn-BAL-ik)The "city of the khan," founded as a new capital city for the Mongols after their conquest of China; now the city of Beijing.8
11637134945Khubilai Khan (pron. KOO-bihlie KAHN)Grandson of Chinggis Khan who ruled China from 1271 to 1294.9
11637134946Kipchak Khanate (pron. KIP-chak KAHN-ate)Name given to Russia by the Mongols after they conquered it and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire in the mid-thirteenth century; known to Russians as the "Khanate of the Golden Horde."10
11637134947Masai (pron. mah-SIGH)Nomadic cattle-keeping people of what is now Kenya and Tanzania.11
11637134948Modun (pron. moe-DOON)Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire (r. 210-174 B.C.E.) who created a centralized and hierarchical political system.12
11637134949The Mongol world warTerm used to describe half a century of military campaigns, massive killing, and empire building pursued by Chinggis Khan and his successors in Eurasia after 1209.13
11637134950pastoralismWay of life in which people depend on the herding of domesticated animals for their food.14
11637134951Temujin (pron. TEM-uh-jin)Birth name of the Mongol leader better known as Chinggis Khan (1162-1227).15
11637134952TurksTurkic speakers from Central Asia, originally nomads, who spread westward into the Near East and into India; they created a series of nomadic empires between 552 and 965 C.E. but had a more lasting impact on world history when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland and founded a series of states and empires there.16
11637134953Xiongnu (pron. SHE-OONG-noo)People of the Mongolian steppe lands north of China who formed a large-scale nomadic empire in the third and second centuries B.C.E.17
11637134954Yuan dynasty (pron. ywan)Mongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; its name means "great beginnings."18
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AP World History - Strayer Chapter 4 Vocabulary Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Eurasian Empires
Chapter 4 - Eurasian Cultural Traditions

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10867972987LegalismA Chinese philosophy distinguished by an ADHERENCE TO CLEAR LAWS WITH VIGOROUS PUNISHMENTS.0
10867972988Confucius (Kong Fuzi)The FOUNDER OF CONFUCISIM (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the GREATEST INFLUENCE ON CHINESE CULTURE in its history.1
10867972989Ban ZhaoA major FEMALE Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the CONFUCIAN THINKING OF WOMAN.2
10867972990DaoismA Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates SIMPLICITY and understanding of the WORLD OF NATURE, founded by the legendary figure LAOZI.3
10867972991VedasThe EARLIEST RELIGIOUS TEXTS OF INDIA, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E.4
10867972992UpanishadsIndian MYSTICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.5
10867972993Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)The INDIAN PRINCE who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 B.C.E.) who FOUNDED BUDDHISM .6
10867972994Mahayana"Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to SUPERNATURAL BEINGS and proved to be more POPULAR than original (Theravada) Buddhism.7
10867972995Bhagavad GitaA great HINDU EPIC TEXT, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of CASTE DUTIES as a path to religious liberation.8
10867972996ZoroastrianismPERSIAN MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION founded by the prophet Zarathustra. (good vs. evil)9
10867972997JudaismThe MONOTHEISTIC religion developed by the HEBREWS, emphasizing a sole PERSONAL god (YAHWEH) with concerns with social justice.10
10867972998Greek rationalismA secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the POWER OF EDUCATION and HUMAN REASON to understand the world in nonreligious terms.11
10867972999Theravada"The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.12
10867973000SocratesThe first great Greek philosopher to TURNED RATIONALISM TO QUESTIONS OF HUMAN EXISTENCE13
10867973001PlatoA DISCIPLE OF SOCRATES whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy.14
10867973002AristotleSTUDENT OF PLATO and teacher of Alexander the Great.15
10867973004Jesus of NazarethRURAL SMALL TOWN WORKER from lower class family. Religion of Christianity grew from life teachings.16
10867973003Saint PaulFOLLOWER TO JESUS. Highly NEGATIVE VIEWS TO WOMAN grew wholly to male hierarchy of church.17
10867973005Church of the EastPLANTED CHURCHES IN SHRUA AND PERSIAN that were distinct in theology and practice from the TOMAN CHURCH18
10867973006PerpetuaCHRISTIAN MAYTYR OF NORTH AFRICA. Educated and wealthy, spread christianity to roman empire.19
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Pre-AP US History: World War I Flashcards

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11687855120MilitarismA policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war0
11687856751Alliancesagreements between nations to aid and protect one another1
11687858910ImperialismA policy of extending a country's power and influence by taking over other territories2
11687862262NationalismIntense pride in nation, race, or ethnic group.3
11687893214Triple AllianceAn alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI.4
11687894668Triple EntenteAn alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI.5
11687901315Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandThis was the spark that started World War I. Archduke Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince, was murdered on June 28, 1914, by a Serbian nationalist while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia.6
11687911850Start of World War IAustria-Hungary declares war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.7
11687917768Allied Powers (WWI)Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States8
11687921554Central PowersAustria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.9
11687928446U.S. Foreign Policy at start of WWIUS took isolationist policy as they saw it as a European conflict and was made up of immigrants from both sides.10
11687946448Kaiser Wilhelm IIEmperor of Germany during World War I11
11687948852Western Front of WWITrench Warfare, small land gains, and ended in a bloody stalemate. Germany vs. Britain, France, & eventually the US.12
11687960456Germany's Invasion of BelgiumCrystallized American's opinion against Germany and caused them to support Allies.13
11687970671Unrestricted Submarine WarfareGermany's Policy of sinking ships with their U-boats, enemy or neutral, that carry war material14
11687975910LusitaniaA British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war (long term cause)15
11687979805Sussex PledgeA promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.16
11687981349Zimmerman Note1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile (caused US entry into WWI)17
11687988736Committee on Public Information (CPI)Government agency created during World War I to encourage Americans to support the war. Created wartime propaganda.18
11687998285Espionage Acta law passed by Congress in 1917 to make it illegal to spy, interfere with government foreign policy, or resist the military draft19
11688003620Sedition Act1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the government, war, or America.20
11688008989Selective Service ActLaw passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft21
11688018328African Americans World War IServed in segregated units during WWI.22
11688026088Great Migrationmovement of African Americans from the South to North for jobs and to escape racism during WWI.23
11688037657Women during World War IWorked in clerical jobs at government agencies; served as Red Cross nurses in Europe; worked in war industries factories24
11688044729Food AdministrationThis government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military.25
11688047362Victory GardensBackyard gardens; Americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables to support the war effort26
11688049559Meatless Mondays and Wheatless WednesdaysThese two days were set aside by Hoover, encouraging people to avoid consuming wheat and meat during the war27
11688055215How US paid for World War IThrough raising income taxes and sale of liberty bonds28
11688058468Liberty BondsAmerican citizens were lending money to the government to pay for the war through the purchase of bonds29
11688071931conscientious objectorPerson who refuses to enter the military or bear arms due to moral or religious reasons30
11688091077US Crackdown on dissent during WWIEspionage and Sedition Acts. Schenck v. U.S. ruled that sometimes public order trumps free speech.31
11688100262Prejudice during WWIStopped teaching German in schools. Anti-propaganda. Banned German music. Renamed German items. Harassment and even killings.32
11688106621Opportunities for women and minorities during WWIAfrican-Americans Great Migration from rural south to industrial north. Women filled jobs vacated. Also helped them gain the right to vote. Many Mexicans came to fill agricultural jobs during war.33
11688109467Vladimir LeninLeader of communist revolution in Russia during WWI34
11688114690John J. PershingCommander of American Expeditionary Force in Europe during WWI.35
11688122823Alvin YorkAmerican war hero during WWI36
11688129635Self-determinationthe right of people to choose their own form of government37
11688148097Why Allied leaders rejected Wilson's ideas at Paris Peace ConferenceThey needed clear victory and to punish Germany. They didn't want to give up territory.38
11688152488Problems with Peace after WWINo self determination. Some Germans found themselves in non-German nations. Ethnic groups were randomly clustered in the Middle East. British controlled some of the territories as well.39
11688160056IrreconcilablesThose senators who opposed any treaty with League of Nations40
11688166910ReservationistsThose who opposed treaty as written. Some wanted small changes, others bigger.41
11688169997Influenza Epidemic of 1918largely overlooked because of war, killed 550,000 Americans, 50-100 million died worldwide. Started in US.42
11688187542inflation and labor unrest after WWIIndustrial workers found they couldn't buy as much with their wages with rising prices. 20% of workforce went on strike in 1919.43
11688200948Warren G. HardingRepublican who won presidency in 1920. Seen as American rejection of Wilson's League of Nations.44
11688207492Winners and Losers of WWINo more Austria-Hungary or Ottoman Empire. Britain and France won, but were weakened economically and politically. U.S. came out of the war strong and leader of the new world order.45
11688257559New Technology of WWImachine guns, tanks, planes, poison gas, gas masks46
11688262934Trench Warfare on the Western FrontMiles of Trenches where troops would be stationed for weeks at a time with little forward advance.47
11688271348No Man's LandTerritory between rival Trenches, very dangerous48
11688287227Allied state of war effort when US entered in 1917Bad! Germany occupied Belgium and part of France. Russia was about to drop out due to civil war.49
11688300056Germany's last offensive in WWISecond Battle of Marne50
11688306429End of WWIArmistice (ceasefire) signed on November 11, 1918.51
11688326018Germany concessions at end of WWIKaiser Wilhelm had to abandon the throne, Germany had to give up occupied territory, & war equipment.52
11688334994Wilson's Fourteen PointsThis is the plan for post-World War I outlined by President Wilson in 1918. This plan called for self-determination (countries in Africa and Asia govern themselves), freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.53
11688340128League of NationsAn organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.54
11688342653Paris Peace ConferenceThe peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and Treaty of Versailles.55
11688344581Big Four (Paris Peace Conference)US, France, Britain, Italy56
11688356283Allied Powers treatment of Central Powers in Treaty of VersaillesGermany was treated harshly. Land taken in Asia and Africa. Had to pay war reparations (cost of war) for Allied Powers.57
11688368839Treaty of VersaillesTreaty that ended WWI. It blamed Germany for WWI and handed down harsh punishment.58
11688378166Senate opinion of Treaty of VersaillesRepublicans in Senate were isolationists and opposed to League of Nations in Treaty.59
11688387290Result of Treaty of Versailles in USRepublicans made changes to Treaty, Wilson didn't like changes & told Democrats to reject, Treaty was NOT ratified. US did NOT join League of Nations.60
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AP - Vocab #2 Flashcards

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7390818903Avocation(n) An activity pursued for pleasure; a hobby0
7390818904Callous(adj.) emotionally hardened, unfeeling1
7390823181Capricious(adj) Changing one's mind quickly and often; subject to whims or passing fancies2
7390823182Disparity(n) inequality; difference3
7390825980Efficacy(n) the ability to produce a desired or intended result;effectiveness4
7390825981Epistle(n) a letter5
7390829275Hospice(n) a health care agency or program for persons who are dying; a shelter for travelers, orphans, or the ill or destitute6
7390829276Impetus(n.) a moving force, impulse, stimulus7
7390833075Moribund(adj.) dying, on the way out8
7390835801Vacillate(v) alternate or waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive9
7390839091Akin(adj) related by blood; having similar qualities or character10
7390842151Corroborate(v.) to confirm, make more certain, bolster, substantiate, verify11
7390844967Inexorable(Adj) relentless, unyielding12
7390847790Insipid(adj) lacking interest or flavor; uninteresting; unchallenging13
7390851751Nefarious(adj.) wicked, depraved, devoid of moral standards14
7390857076Physiognomy(n.) - the art of judging human character from facial features15
7390857077Retinue(n) a group of advisers, assistants, or others accompanying an important person16
7390861936Simpering(adj) smile or gesture in an affectedly coquettish, coy, or ingratiating manner.17
7390861937Suppliant(n or adj) a person making a humble plea to someone in power or authority; beseeching18
7390865491Tedium(n) dullness; monotony; boredom19
7390865492Torrid(adj.) Very hot, parching, burning; passionate; scorching20
7390868456Turgid(adj) swollen as from a fluid; bloated; Excessively embellished in style or language; pompous; bombastic21
7390870377Vitriolic(adj.) bitter, sarcastic; highly caustic or biting (like a strong acid); scathing and nasty22
7390870378Wistful(adj) having or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing23
7390877690Zealous(adj) fervent; fanatical; Enthusiastic24
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AP Psychology: Personality Flashcards

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7018054079Personalitycharacteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and acting0
7018054080Free Associationmethod of exploring the unconscious where patient relaxes and say whatever is on his mind, psychoanalytic1
7018054081Unconsciousness (Freud)unacceptable motives and thoughts, unaware of processing, repressed desires2
7018054082IDfueled by pleasure principle, aims to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drive3
7018054083Egoreality principle wants to satisfy ID in ways with realistic and long term pleasure4
7018054084Superegoconscious and morality, considers real and ideal, often opposes ID5
7018054085Oral Psychosexual Stage0-18 months, pleasure center is mouth....biting, chewing, sucking6
7018054086Anal Psychosexual Stage18-36 months, focused on bowel and bladder elimination, control7
7018054087Phallic Psychosexual Stage3-6 years, pleasure zone is genitals, coping with sexual feelings, oedipus complex8
7018054088Oedipus Complexsubconscious sexual desire to mom and jealousy of dad, more desire of relationship than sexual interaction9
7018054089Latency Psychosexual Stage6-puberty, dormant or suppressed sexual feelings ex: girls have cooties10
7018054090Genital Psychosexual Stagepuberty+, maturation of sexual interest11
7018054091Identification in Psychosexualiycoping with oedipus complex by joining sides with "oppressor", this is where gender idetity takes place ex: if you cant beat them, join them12
7018054092Fixation in Psychosexualitywhen psychosexual stage is over or understimulated (conflict is unresolved) and develop behaviors from being stuck in the stage13
7018054093Defense Mechanismactions to reduce anxiety by distorting reality, ego's protection method, often sub concious14
7018054094Repressiondefense mechanism that pushes thoughts into subconscious to banish all anxiety, underlies all defense mechanisms15
7018054095Regressiondefense mechanism where you regress to infantile psychosexuality, comfort things from childhood ex: baby blanket, thumb sucking when scared16
7018054096Reaction Formationdefense mechanism where you are switching unacceptable impulses to acceptable ones ex: fake smiling when you're mad17
7018054097Projectiondefense mechanism where you disguise your own threatening impulses by attributing it to others ex: thief thinks everyone else is a thief18
7018054098Rationalizationdefense mechanism where you justify your problem ex: an alcoholic says hey just drink because it is social19
7018054099Displacementdefense mechanism where you are displaying unacceptable emotions on a more acceptable thing ex: want to hit someone but you decide to go hit a ball20
7018054100Denialdefense mechanism where you refuse to believe you have a problem21
7018054101Subliminationchanneling frustration toward another goal, usually healthy22
7018054102Carl Jung believed...the unconscious held the collective unconscious23
7018054103Collective Unconsciousshared and inherited memory from previous times and species to help guide us in survival24
7018054104Projective Testspersonality tests and identification of random stimuli designed to trigger inner desires and thoughts25
7018054105Rorschach Inkblot Testfamous projective test where people describe what they see in ink images, modernly disredited26
7018054106False Consensus Effecttendency to overestimate the extent of shared belief (projection) ex: I can go over the speed limit because everyone else does27
7018054107Terror Management Theorydeath related anxiety, obsessed with their death28
7018054108Thematic Apperception Testpeople express their inner feelings through stories from random scenes29
7018054109Abraham Maslowhierarchy of needs, once needs are met you focus on another thing30
7018054110Self Actualizationprocess of fulfilling potential31
7018054111Self Transcendenceunderstanding meaning beyond ones self32
70180541123 conditions for growthgenuineness, empathy, acceptance or unbias, Carl Rogers33
7018054113Carl Rogers believed...people are good unless growth was inhibited34
7018054114Self Conceptcentral feature of personality35
7018054115Myer Briggs Type Indicatorpersonality tests that defines you as a thinker, feeler...etc.36
7018054116Factor Analysisgrouping traits based on commonality37
7018054117Eysenck Personality Questionnairebelieved to be genetically influenced, categorized by 4 over arching traits38
7018054118Personality Inventoriesin depth questionnaires designed to evaluate traits with agree/disagree questions39
7018054119Minnesota Multiphasic Personality TestStarke Hathaway, originally developed to access and define emotional disorders but is used around the world now40
7018054120Empirically Derived Testtesting a pool of items and then selecting the different ones and placing them in groups41
7018054121Barnum Effectaccepting stock descriptions allowing you to truly believe them ex: horoscopes42
7018054122Big 5 Personality Factorsconscientiousness (organization) , agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion....50% heritibility among each trait. (CANOE)43
7018054123Neuroticismemotional stability44
7018054124What is the best way to determine personality?studying it over time because your personality becomes more stable, not tests because of barnum effect45
7018054125Reciprocal Determinismthe interaction of your mind, environment and behavior that influences personality46
7018054126Personal Controlhow we perceive the control in our environment, studied by correlation and experimentation47
7018054127External Locus of Controlthinking that an outside forces beyond our control determine fate48
7018054128Internal Locus of Controlthinking that you can control your own fate49
7018054129Self Controlability to control yourself and impulses in order to achieve greater reward in the future50
7018054130Learned Helplessnessbad event-percieved lack of control-helpless behavior ex: college, nursing homes, prison, depression51
7018054131Self Efficacybelief in yourself that you can succeed, it is a learned behavior and is psychology most studied topic52
7018054132Strong Self Efficacyviews challenges as tasks, deeper interest, recover quickly from setbacks53
7018054133Weak Self Efficacychallenges are beyond capabilities, low confidence, focuses on negatives54
7018054134Attributional Styleoptimistic vs pessimistic55
7018054135Positive Psychologyoptimal human functioning, promotes stregnths56
7018054136Self Reference Effectwe remember things better when connect an idea to a personal experience57
7018054137Selfthe center of personality58
7018054138Possible Selvesperception of what you could become "rich self" "poor self"59
7018054139Spotlight Effectoverestimating what others think of us ex: you have a zit and you are embarrased but no one really notices (Thomas Gilovich)60
7018054140Self Esteemfeeling of self worth61
7018054141Self Serving Biasthinking of yourself higher than others or better than average62
7018054142Narcissismexcessive self love63
7018054143Defensive Self Esteemfocuses more about what others think about them, failure and criticism are threatening, aggresssive64
7018054144Secure Self Esteemmore accepting, less effected by external sources, greater quality of life65
7018054145Psychoanalytic Personality TheoryFreud, emotional disorder are from the unconscious, unresolved conflict and defense mechanisms66
7018054146Psychoanalytic Assessmentsfree association, projective tests, dream analysis67
7018054147Psyhodynamic Personality TheoryAdler, Jung, Horney...the conscious and unconscious interact, childhood experiences and focuses on defense mechanisms68
7018054148Humanistic Personality TheoryRogers and Maslow, focuses on healthy striving of self actualization, self concept, self awareness, therapy69
7018054149Trait Personality TheoryAllport, Eysenck, we have certain traits that are stable and influenced by genetics, big 5 and personality tests70
7018054150Social Cognitive Personality TheoryBandura, our traits and sociability interact to produce behavior, behavior assessment71
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00 AP Biology Ecology Flashcards

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10228633413organic moleculescarbon based molecules0
10228635433inorganic moleculesMolecules that contain one or fewer carbon atoms (water, minerals, carbon dioxide, oxygen)1
10228635434photoautotrophorganism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds2
10228635435chemoautotrophproducer that uses energy from chemical compounds to make food by chemosynthesis3
10228635436producerAn organism that can make its own food (autotroph).4
10228635437heterotrophorganism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer5
10228635438consumerAn organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms (also called a heterotroph)6
10228635439decomposerAn organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms7
10228635440herbivoreA consumer that eats only plants.8
10228635441carnivoreA consumer that eats only animals.9
10228635442omnivoreAn animal that eats both plants and animals10
10228635443nocturnalactive at night11
10228635444diurnalactive during the day12
10228635445apexthe highest point13
10228635446trophic levelfeeding level in an ecosystem14
10228635447symbiosisa relationship in which two different organisms (of different species) live in close association with each other15
10228635448commensalisma type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not harmed or helped (+,0)16
10228635449parasitisma type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed (+,-)17
10228635450mutualisma type of symbiosis in which both organism benefit (+,+)18
10228635451competitionInteraction among organisms that vie for the same resource in an ecosystem19
10228635452interspecifica relationship that is between species (between different species)20
10228635453intraspecifica relationship that is between organisms of the same species21
10228635454predationAn interaction in which one organism kills another for food.22
10228689788predatorAn animal that hunts other animals for food23
10228635455preyAn organism that is killed and eaten by another organism24
10228635456warning colorationconspicuous coloring that warns a predator that an animal is unpalatable or poisonous25
10228635457camouflagecoloration for concealment so that an organism is hard to see or is disguised as something else.26
10228635458opportunistictaking immediate advantage of any circumstance of possible benefit27
10228635459monogamyhaving only one mate at a time28
10228635460biomeA group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms29
10228635461silagefood for animals30
10228635462toxinpoison31
10228635463exotoxina toxin that is secreted by microorganisms into the surrounding medium32
10228635464endotoxina toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates33
10228635465pesticidespoisons that target pest organisms34
10228635466metabolicthe chemical processes within the body required for life35
10228635467biological magnificationToxins become more concentrated in successive trophic levels.36
10228635468concentrationthe spread of something over a given area37
10228635469thermal stratificationwarm water is less dense than cold water and tends to float on top38
10228635471terrestrialrelating to land/earth39
10228635472aquaticrelating to water40
10228635473marinerelating to the sea41
10228635474salinityA measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid42
10228635475thermodynamicsthe study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter43
10228635476climax communityA stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species over time44
10228635477successionA series of predictable and orderly changes within an ecosystem over time.45
10228635478biomasstotal amount of living tissue within a given trophic level46
10228635479net primary productivitythe energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy producers respire47
10228635480mortalitydeath48
10228635481carrying capacityThe largest population that an area can support49
10228635482r-strategyreproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce early, bear many small, unprotected offspring50
10228635483k-strategyreproductive strategy in which organisms take a long time to mature, and bear a small number of offspring that are given many resoursces51
10228635484exponential growthPopulation increase under ideal conditions. Forms a J-shaped curve.52
10228635485logarithmic growthgrowth of a population that levels off at carrying capacity. Forms an S-shaped curve53
10228635486nicheAn organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living.54
10228635487competitive exclusionStrong competition can lead to local elimination of one of the species.55
10228635488density-dependent factorsfactor that limits a population more as population density increases (ex. parasites, competition, predation)56
10228635489density-independent factorslimiting factor that affects populations in similar ways, regardless of population size (ex. weather)57
10228635490nitrogen fixing bacteriabacteria that convert nitrogen in the air into forms that can be used by plants58
10228635491denitrifying bacteriabacteria that convert nitrates into nitrogen gas59
10228635492nitrate/nitriteusable nitrogen (for plants)60
10228635493ammonificationdecomposers convert organic waste into ammonia61
10228635494assimilationto absorb; plants take nutrients from the soil/air and use them when making organic compounds62
10228635495excretionthe process by which wastes are removed from the body63
10228635496anaerobesmicroorganism having the ability to live without oxygen64
10228635497aerobesrequire oxygen65
10228635498ozoneA form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two; in the stratosphere, where it absorbs ultraviolet light, protecting life on Earth66
10228635499ultraviolet radiationElectromagnetic waves with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light and can damage living things67
10228635500CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)man made gas, typically used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants; harmful to the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere68
10228635501olfactoryrelating to the sense of smell69
10228635502eliminateto get rid of70
10228635503meanaverage71
10228635504sustainableable to be maintained at a certain rate or level72
10228635505optimumbest; most favorable; ideal73
10228635506non-nativeof plants or animals originating in a part of the world other than where they are growing (invasive, alien)74
10228635507destabilizeto make unstable75
10228635508consistentthe same throughout in structure or composition76
10228635509progenyoffspring, babies77
10228635510brooda family of young animals, especially of a bird, produced at one hatching or birth78
10228635511reintroductionthe process of returning animals to their native habitats79
10228635512consequenceresult80
10228635513influxa coming in, inflow81
10228635514upstreamdirection opposite the flow of a river; toward the source of a river or stream82
10228635515consumeto use up83
10228635516spawnto bring forth; to lay eggs84
10228635517excrementWaste material from the body85
10228635518carcassthe dead body of an animal86
10228635519algal bloomThe rapid growth of a population of algae87
10228635520desiccationdrying out88
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